用遗传有限单元法反演川滇下地壳流动对上地壳的拖曳作用

利用震源机制解和地质调查资料,运用伪三维遗传有限单元法反演了中国川滇部分地区（96°E～104°E, 22°N～30°N）受到的边界作用和该地区底部所受的剪切作用力. 对反演方法进行了讨论,获得了稳定的反演结果. 结果显示,该区川滇菱形块体上地壳底部受下地壳南南东向剪切力,与GPS反映的现今地块运动方向大体一致;而研究区域其他地区底部没有受到统一显著的剪切力作用. 结合该地区的研究资料,初步认为青藏高原物质受挤压向东和东南运动过程中,下地壳物质比上地壳更易于流动,从而对川滇菱形块体上地壳有拖曳作用. 从应力场反演的模型位移与GPS实测的现今位移资料也大体吻合,反映结果有合理的物理意义.     

1998年西太平洋地球物理会议--地震预报现状与发展专题概况

介绍了西太平洋地球物理会议概况,特别是地震预报现状和发展专题,包括地震观测台网建设,地震预报方法中存在的问题,对地震现象的新认识与新理论,地震与地下介质的地球物理性质的关系.     

Crustal structure and tectonic provinces of the Riiser-Larsen Sea area (East Antarctica): results of geophysical studies

About 16,000 km of multichannel seismic (MCS), gravity and magnetic data and 28 sonobuoys were acquired in the Riiser-Larsen Sea Basin and across the Gunnerus and Astrid Ridges, to study their crustal structure. The study area has contrasting basement morphologies and crustal thicknesses. The crust ranges in thickness from about 35 km under the Riiser-Larsen Sea shelf, 26–28 km under the Gunnerus Ridge, 12–17 km under the Astrid Ridge, and 9.5–10 km under the deep-water basin. A 50-km-wide block with increased density and magnetization is modeled from potential field data in the upper crust of the inshore zone and is interpreted as associated with emplacement of mafic intrusions into the continental margin of the southern Riiser-Larsen Sea. In addition to previously mapped seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies in the western Riiser-Larsen Sea, a linear succession from M2 to M16 is identified in the eastern Riiser-Larsen Sea. In the southwestern Riiser-Larsen Sea, a symmetric succession from M24B to 24n with the central anomaly M23 is recognized. This succession is obliquely truncated by younger lineation M22–M22n. It is proposed that seafloor spreading stopped at about M23 time and reoriented to the M22 opening direction. The seismic stratigraphy model of the Riiser-Larsen Sea includes five reflecting horizons that bound six seismic units. Ages of seismic units are determined from onlap geometry to magnetically dated oceanic basement and from tracing horizons to other parts of the southern Indian Ocean. The seaward edge of stretched and attenuated continental crust in the southern Riiser-Larsen Sea and the landward edge of unequivocal oceanic crust are mapped based on structural and geophysical characteristics. In the eastern Riiser-Larsen Sea the boundary between oceanic and stretched continental crust is better defined and is interpreted as a strike-slip fault lying along a sheared margin.     

Geophysical down-hole recognition of the Lower Devonian ‘Psammosteus’ Limestone and Townsend Tuff Bed,South Wales

Geophysical down-hole logs from the Maesteg and Senghenydd boreholes permit the recognition of the Townsend Tuff Bed and ‘Psammosteus’ Limestone markers on the basis of distinctive log motifs. The thickness of the interval between these markers is greater than at basin-margin localities and may be an indication of rapid deposition in the centre of the Anglo-Welsh basin in Lower Devonian times.     

板块俯冲中水分运移过程及其地球物理含义

流体/水分在地球演化过程中具有重要作用,它的存在可以提高地质体的扩散及蠕变,降低岩石/地幔的固液相限,对地质体的地球物理性质、地质灾害诱发、地质构造演化等都有着重要的作用.在板块俯冲区,流体/水分的影响贯穿了整个动力学过程,但板块深部脱水还存在着争议,且目前系统地研究水分在整个俯冲中的迁移过程及其地球物理意义的工作还较...     

纳米比亚铀资源勘查开发现状、投资环境与建议

能源安全（尤其是核资源）的重要性在当今更为彰显,掌握世界主要铀资源和产铀国的勘查开发现状与投资环境,对我国天然铀企业进行海外铀资源勘查开发具有重要意义。文章基于最新数据分析认为：纳米比亚铀资源丰富,主要勘查开发铀矿类型为侵入岩型和表生型;2010—2022年,纳米比亚天然铀产量整体不断增加,增幅度达到72%;铀资源勘查开发的进展主要体现在资源量新增、找矿空间拓展、潜在类型的发现以及部分暂停矿山重启等。纳米比亚总体上是开展铀资源勘查开发投资环境较优的国家,建议未来以我国现有企业控股矿山为中心,逐步辐射其周围地区乃至纳米比亚全境,分“三个层次”、采用“三种模式”进行纳米比亚铀资源勘查开发。     

羌塘盆地构造特征及油气远景初步分析

羌塘盆地为一大型沉积盆地,基底为双层结构,基底构造具两坳夹一隆及断凸断凹特征。盆地盖层由中泥盆统—第三系组成,盖层中褶皱、断裂发育,具分带性,主变形期为燕山—喜马拉雅期。盆地经历长期演化,早期为拉张型盆地、晚期为挤压型盆地。盆地生油条件良好,具多种构造圈闭和良好盖层,构造圈闭形成时间与烃源岩排烃时间基本同步,具有良好的油气成藏条件。     

Temporal, geomagnetic and related attributes of kimberlite magmatism at Ekati, Northwest Territories, Canada

This paper outlines the development of a multi-disciplinary strategy to focus exploration for economic kimberlites on the Ekati property. High-resolution aeromagnetic data provide an over-arching spatial and magnetostratigraphic framework for exploration and kimberlite discovery at Ekati, and hence also for this investigation. The temporal, geomagnetic, spatial and related attributes of kimberlites with variable diamond content have been constrained by judiciously augmenting the information gathered during routine exploration with detailed, laboratory-based or field-based investigations. The natural remanent magnetisation of 36 Ekati kimberlites has been correlated with their age as determined by isotopic dating techniques, and placed in the context of a well-constrained geomagnetic polarity timescale. Kimberlite magmatism occurred over the period 75 to 45 Ma, in at least five temporally discrete intrusive episodes. Based on current evidence, the older kimberlites (75 to 59 Ma) have low diamond contents and are distributed throughout the property. Younger kimberlites (56 to 45 Ma) have moderate to high diamond contents and occur in three distinct intrusive corridors with NNE to NE orientations. Economic kimberlite pipes erupted at 55.4±0.4 Ma along the A154-Lynx intrusive corridor, which is 7 km wide and oriented at 015°, and at 53.2±0.3 Ma along the Panda intrusive corridor, which is 1 km wide and oriented at 038°. The intrusion ages straddle a paleopole reversal at Chron C24n, consistent with the observation that the older economic kimberlites present as aeromagnetic “low” anomalies while the younger economic pipes are characterised as aeromagnetic “highs”. The aeromagnetic responses for these kimberlites are generally muted because they contain volcaniclastic rock types with low magnetic susceptibility. Kimberlites throughout the Ekati property carry a primary natural magnetic remanence (NRM) vector in Ti-bearing groundmass magnetite, and it dominates over vectors related to induced magnetisation. Magnetostratigraphic correlation of Ekati kimberlites may therefore present a powerful adjunct to existing exploration techniques, mainly because the diamond content of Ekati kimberlites apparently is related more to the age of eruption than to any other parameter investigated in this work.     

西秦岭地球物理场的地质解释

西秦岭及邻区，由区域重力异常反映的地壳深部构造和剩余重力异常反映的区域地质构造呈明显的立体交叉。以通渭—武都近南北向重力梯级带反映的隐伏深断裂是划分东、西秦岭和祁连、北秦岭构造单元的分界，亦是秦岭复合型造山带向西拓展为祁连、西秦岭和松潘—甘孜各造山带的转折枢纽。西秦岭北缘断裂带在不同地质历史阶段，其边界位置、断裂性质不同，深部产状和浅部产状不同，因此伴随Ａ型俯冲形成大陆碰撞型花岗岩，并出现岩体磁性分带现象。     

中国海相油气田勘探实例之六四川盆地普光大气田的发现与勘探

普光气田是一个储量规模大、埋藏深、资源丰度高的整装海相气田。气田发现于2003年,至2005年底累计探明储量2510.7×108m3。普光背斜构造的气藏圈闭面积为45.6km2,主要含气层段为下三叠统飞仙关组及上二叠统长兴组礁滩相白云岩。烃源岩为下志留统龙马溪组和上二叠统龙潭组泥岩和页岩。论述了气田的发现和勘探过程及气藏的基本地质特征,总结了它对我国碳酸盐岩和成熟盆地油气勘探的启示。