面向油气勘探开发提升地震偏移及属性刻划水平

针对复杂地质条件油气勘探开发的需求,仅就运用地震资料提取地质属性及构建油储模型所可能面临的难点,阐明必需提升地震波传播及成像研究水平的基础理论命题和数值计算的关键环节。文中着重于用形象的数值图像结果,说明开展此类研究的必要性。对我国而言,前新生代海相碳酸盐岩勘探和今后相当时期内对国志经济仍起支撑作用的东部老油田外围及深部油气的勘探开发,这两类研究对象尽管其地质演化年代及过程各异,但对地球物理偏移成像技术进步及油储建模而言,对提升探测的理论所提出的要求,都属于近代的难题,文中还阐明这类研究已是刻不容缓的原因所在。     

地球物理抗差估计和广义逆方法

为进行观测数据误差较大的地球物理资料的反演,引人抗差估计,称作地球物理抗差估计;为使病态方程组的反演解更可靠,又结合广义逆方法进行了算法改进．首先介绍抗差最小二乘（ＲＬＳ）的基本原理,然后推寻出适于广义逆反演方法的改进算式,最后举例加以讨论．分析表明,抗差估计可以有效地抑制地球物理观测异常的影响,得出正常模式下的较好估计值;而用改进后的算式和广义逆反演可以使反演解更加改善,不仅如此,改进后的方法还能直接给出解估计的可靠性评价．     

Exploration for dimensional stone — implications and examples from the Precambrian of southern Finland

Dimension stone is a natural rock that must fulfil high qualitative standards defined by both geology-based factors and non-geological factors. The stone itself (appearance/soundness) and the market demand are the two most important aspects in the quality assessment. The process of geological dimension stone exploration is a systematic and stepwise procedure, including individual steps of desk study, field mapping, detailed examination, geo-radar survey, and core drilling. The location of all economically feasible dimension stone deposits is strictly controlled by geological factors. Knowledge of these factors is fundamental in identifying new sites with potential for dimension stone. In this work the geological constraint on the occurrence of dimension stone in three areas, in the Precambrian of southern Finland, has been investigated. The deposits are localized to part of an area in which different geological features in combination have produced rock of good dimension stone quality. The study shows that, for example, vertical movements in the crust, magmatic evolution of an intrusion, and metamorphic grade define the location of rocks suitable for dimension stone.     

易门三家厂铜矿床29号矿体探采对比研究

通过地质勘探与生产勘探 ,生产勘探与开采所获地质资料进行对比分析 ,探讨三家厂铜矿床凤山矿段 2 9号矿体 10— 13中段勘探方法 ,验证勘探类型、网度和检查勘探程度的合理性 ,总结出可供借鉴的勘探经验     

中国海相油气田勘探实例之二鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田的发现与勘探

靖边气田发现于1989年,它是我国首次在陆上海相碳酸盐岩地层中发现与探明的非常规隐蔽性大型岩溶古地貌气藏。2000年探明天然气储量2909.88×108m3。而后通过气田的开发及扩边勘探,又使气田面积向东延伸扩大,落实三级储量1011.4×108m3。气田主力产层由奥陶系马家沟组五1层溶斑白云岩与粗粉晶白云岩组成,具有沉积稳定、成层分布、低孔隙低渗透、低丰度、大面积、中低产、埋藏深、非常规、隐蔽性强的特点。论述了气田的发现和勘探开发历程、气藏的地质特征,以及在稳定地台区寻找海相碳酸盐岩气田的启示。     

氡气测量方法在礼贤断裂勘查中的应用

利用氡气测量方法对礼贤断裂的位置进行勘查,通过对测量数据的分析,圈定氡气浓度的异常区,从而作为判定礼贤断裂位置的重要依据。     

岫岩陨石撞击坑结构高精度地震探测研究

我国的岫岩陨石撞击坑位于辽东半岛北部低山丘陵地区,直径1.8 km,保存完好,已被多方面的证据证实为陨石撞击坑.陨石的撞击和此后的沉积作用在坑内形成了特殊的地球物理场,使坑内与坑外的介质在速度、密度等方面存在差异.本次通过采用反射和折射地震相结合的探测方法,利用陨石撞击所形成的岩石的地震波速度和波阻抗差异,获得了陨石坑...     

青藏高原腹地东西分区和界带的地球物理场特征与动力学响应

青藏高原是东亚大陆一个特殊的块体,无论是介质属性,还是构造格局在深部与浅部都是不均匀的和各向异性的,其演化进程也是非线性的.基于综合地球物理场研究发现:青藏高原在NS向挤压和EW向扩张错综力系作用下,形成了东、西分区的构造格局,它们的界带位于90o±2oE的范围内,即表明青藏高原基本上为由三块(西、中、东)组成.在此界...     

Neural network estimation of duration of strong ground motion using Japanese earthquake records

The duration of strong motion has a significant influence on the severity of ground shaking. In this work, a combination of average values of four geophysical properties of site (Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow count, primary wave velocity, shear wave velocity, and density of soil) including hypocentral distance of less than 50 km and magnitudes more than 5.0 from Japanese ground motion records were used for development of neural network model, to estimate duration of strong ground motion. Since majority of strong motion databases provide only average shear wave velocity for site characterization, an attempt has also been made to train the neural network with magnitude, hypocentral distance and average shear wave velocity as three input variables. Results obtained from this study show that the duration of strong motion is mostly dependent on average shear wave velocity rather than other geophysical properties of site.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷岩性一地层油藏成藏特征及勘探方向

乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷是海拉尔盆地油气勘探的主战场,其岩性—地层油藏勘探程度较低,剩余油气资源勘探潜力较大.对乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷成藏特征的研究表明,岩性—地层油藏是主要的油藏类型,可分为岩性油藏、地层油藏和复合油藏3种类型油藏.油气主要沿不整合面及不同级次湖泛面上下分布,平面上围绕生油洼槽分布,不同的构造带上,发育的岩性—地层...