The effect of sub-pixel slope variations on photoclinometry

Sub-pixel slope variations can have significant effects on the intensity of light scattered from a planetary surface. As a result, determination of the surface slope from the apparent brightness of a given pixel can be confounded by uncertainly in such variations. Under a wide range of conditions, the average slope across the pixel may be different from what is inferred by photoclinometry. Because topography is derived from photoclinometry by integrating the slope across an image composed of many pixels, topographic elevation could in principle be distorted considerably by this effect. As actually applied, photoclinometry generally includes strategies designed to mitigate these effects substantially. Nevertheless, the potential always exists for unknown variations in the character of sub-pixel topography (among other uncertainties such as albedo variations) to introduce errors. The results shown here show the importance of the mitigating strategies and of considering the magnitude of uncertainties in determination of topography.     

Geomorphologic mapping of the Menrva region of Titan using Cassini RADAR data

We made a detailed geomorphologic map of the Menrva region of Titan, using Cassini RADAR data as our map base. Using similar techniques and approaches that were applied to mapping Magellan radar images of Venus, and earlier, more generalized Titan maps, we were able to define and characterize 10 radar morphologic units, along with inferred dunes and fluvial channels, from the RADAR data. Structural features, such as scarps, ridges, and lineaments were also identified. Using principles of superposition, cross-cutting, and embayment relations we created a sequence of map units for this region. We interpret Menrva to be a 440 km wide degraded impact basin, in agreement with earlier studies by Elachi et al. (Elachi, C. et al. [2006]. Nature 441, 709-713) and Wood et al. (Wood, C.A., Lorenz, R., Kirk, R., Lopes, R., Mitchell, K., Stofan, E., and the Cassini RADAR Team [2010]. Icarus 206, 334-344), and identify it as the oldest feature in the map region. Exogenic processes including hydrocarbon fluid channelization forming the Elivagar Flumina channel network and dune fields resulting from aeolian activity are the current geologic processes dominating our map area, and these processes have contributed to the erosion of the crater’s ejecta field. There is evidence of multiple episodes of channel formation, erosion and burial by aeolian deposits, as observed elsewhere on Titan by e.g., Barnes et al. (Barnes, J.W. et al. [2005]. Icarus 195, 400-414). Channel outflow regions have morphologies suggestive of streams formed by flash floods, and dune fields are small and restricted rather than forming large dune seas, consistent with a desert-like environment for this region with low supply of hydrocarbon particles, also consistent with other studies by e.g., Lorenz et al. (Lorenz, R.D. et al. [2008a]. Planet. Space Sci. 56, 1132-1144). There is no evidence of cryovolcanism or non-impact-related tectonic activity in the Menrva region, although this region is too small to infer anything about the roles of these processes elsewhere on Titan. This work suggests detailed geomorphologic mapping can confidently be applied to Cassini RADAR data, and we suggest that more extensive mapping should be done using RADAR, ISS, and VIMS data geographically distributed across Titan to assess its usefulness for a future combined RADAR-ISS-VIMS-based global geologic map.     

国家工业遗产时空分布特征及影响因素——以中国四批国家工业遗产名单为例

以国家工信部公布的四批共164个国家工业遗产为对象,运用核密度、集中趋势演变等方法,探讨其时空分布特征与影响因素。结果表明：1）国家工业遗产在空间分布上具有显著的正空间自相关性,呈现东南多、西北少,并在空间上形成了“三核两副,片状分布”的格局;2）从遗产类型看,轻工业主要分布在长江流域及沿海区域,重工业较轻工业分布分散;3）工业遗产在省域范围内存在较为明显的三类区：Ⅰ类区在中国东北及东南沿海等“一线地区”,Ⅱ类区为中国西北部的“三线地区”,其他为Ⅲ类区;4）从时间演化看,工业遗产空间分布中心有4次明显转折;5）中国古代工业大多受自然地理及社会经济环境的影响,近现代工业虽受上述因素影响,但更多受民族主义驱动、洋务运动、“三线建设”等历史及政治因素的影响。     

敖汉旗金厂沟梁金矿床地质特征及成矿时代

金厂沟梁金矿床是华北克拉通北缘中段的一个重要的大型金矿床。本文分别对与58号脉相互穿插的黑云粗安岩和与成矿具有密切关系的对面沟花岗闪长岩复式岩株进行了定年工作。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明,黑云粗安岩的结晶年龄为131.7±1.1Ma,对面沟花岗闪长岩复式岩株的成岩年龄为142.65±0.44~138.7±1.2Ma,由此限定金厂沟梁金矿床的主成矿期在142.7~131.7Ma之间。金矿化作用与岩浆作用同期或稍晚,由含矿热液运移富集成矿元素而成矿。该矿床为岩浆热液型金矿床,成岩成矿作用与燕山晚期中国东部发生的岩石圈减薄作用密切相关。     

新疆金窝子金矿田地质特征及成矿条件分析[]

[摘 要] 金窝子金矿田大地构造位置上处于中朝-塔里木板块与哈萨克斯坦板块俯冲碰撞带南缘的北山中带。金窝子地区金矿床主要有两种类型,一是产在金窝子华力西期花岗闪长岩体中受ＮＮＷ向,陡断层控制的含金石英脉型金矿床;另一是产在上泥盆统金窝子组（D3j）地层中、受ＮＥ向低角度断层控制的蚀变糜棱岩型的金矿床。金窝子金矿的成矿时代远晚于金窝子花岗闪长岩体的侵位时间。金矿形成时间与剪切带的活动时代基本是一致的,表明矿体明显受区域构造的控制。     

安徽铜陵狮子山矿田铜金多金属矿床的成矿模式

狮子山矿田是铜陵矿集区最具代表性的铜金多金属矿田。本文选择狮子山矿田中的几个典型矿床进行地质和地球化学研究,系统阐述了矿床的控矿构造和赋矿岩石、矿体和矿石、蚀变和矿化等地质特征,确定了矿床成因类型;深入研究了侵入体与矿床矿体的时空关系以及主要矿床的流体包裹体地球化学特征及氢-氧、碳-氧、硫和铅同位素地球化学特征,探讨了成矿流体、成矿金属元素(铅)及其化合元素(碳和硫)的来源;结合成岩成矿大地构造背景分析,确定了不同矿床类型间的成因联系,建立了斑岩型-矽卡岩型-浅成热液型矿床成矿模式,为狮子山矿田边部和深部及铜陵矿集区及其邻区的找矿勘查提供了理论依据,并据此建议在铜陵矿集区以往以矽卡岩型矿床为主要找矿目标的基础上,进一步加强研究和寻找由统一的岩浆热液系统控制的斑岩型铜(-钼、-金)矿床和浅成热液型金(-银多金属)矿床。     

西昆仑阿什库勒火山群地质特征和活动分期

阿什库勒火山群作为青藏高原内最新期的北部昆仑火山群的典型代表,长期以来一直受到国内外地学界的广泛关注。我们通过对阿什库勒盆地火山区的野外地质地貌考察,研究了阿什库勒盆地内第四纪火山活动历史,完成了阿什库勒火山群重要火山锥体的1∶2000火山机构图。同时,对系统采集于不同火山机构和部位的20个火山岩样品进行了系列Ar-Ar同位素年代测试分析,获得了翔实的研究区不同火山岩石单元的绝对年龄数据。结合野外地质地貌考察结果,讨论了阿什库勒盆地的火山活动的第四纪时期活动历史,并将主要活动时期进一步划分为早更新世早期、早更新世中期、中更新世早期、中更新世晚期、晚更新世期和全新世期六期,取得了与前人有关该研究区火山活动历史和活动期次类似的划分方案,并补充了新的年代学证据。研究成果弥补了藏北高原西部由于恶劣工作环境而造成的第四纪火山学研究的不足。     

北秦岭太白山晚中生代正长花岗岩成因及其地质意义

本文对北秦岭中段太白岩体北部正长花岗岩进行了系统研究.结果表明,岩石为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,SiO₂=68.49%~72.84%,富Al₂O₃(14.13%~16.48%),相对富K₂O,K₂O/Na₂O=0.45~1.57(多数样品大于1),A/CNK=0.97~1.05,属于准铝质-铝质系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具弱负Eu 异常(δEu=0.58~0.89),高Sr、低Yb/Y.正长花岗岩锶同位素初始比值I_Sr=0.7053~0.7112,ε_Nd(t)=-18.6~-0.1(平均为-9.2),二阶段模式年龄t_2DM值为0.83~2.11Ga,变化较大,显示其源区主要为古老的壳源物质.铅同位素比值²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.492~17.524,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.470~15.485,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.750~38.097,与南秦岭基底相近.锆石U-Pb年龄为153.17±0.89Ma和151.0±1.4Ma,形成于晚中生代.太白正长花岗岩源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有年轻幔源组分的参与,形成于挤压向伸展转换的深部动力学背景.     

21世纪以来中国非物质文化遗产研究回顾：兼谈地理学可能的贡献

“遗产时代”已经开启,经过数十年的实践探索,学界积累了丰富的非物质文化遗产保护经验。然而,富有综合性和批判性的地理学对该话题的关注和贡献仍有待提高,文章希望从实践回顾、话题梳理、国家战略推进等3个方面促进地理学者为建构非遗跨学科研究体系贡献力量。首先,从“非遗”概念的诞生以及民间文化的复苏入手,回顾了中国历年有关非遗的保护实践,总结出非遗研究的“特性与意义的构建”“传承与制度的反思”和“开发与社区能动性”3个重点议题,论述了中国学者在积极借鉴西方批判性遗产研究学术成果上所着力构建的具有中国本土特色的非遗研究体系。其后,将非遗放置在乡村振兴、城市发展和文化强国3个国家战略中给予考量,指出非遗作为独特的文化资源,已被纳入到国家政治和社会体系之中,成为助推国家重大战略实施的重要抓手。最后,在总结归纳非遗研究话题与进展的基础上,对地理学在非遗领域可以开展的工作进行讨论,以期启发和深化相关研究。     

从江污牙白钨矿地质特征及成因浅析

从江污牙白钨矿,分布在吉羊穹状背斜北缘,赋存于摩天岭花岗岩外接触带甲路组一段下部的电气石—黑云母化石英千枚岩中。白钨矿的产出总是与特定的构造环境和蚀变特征联系在一起,并严格受其控制,本文试图从分析污牙白钨矿床的基本地质特征入手,探索该矿床的成因及指出下步找矿方向。