塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系微生物白云岩地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

震旦系奇格布拉克组微生物白云岩是塔里木盆地寒武系盐下超深层重要的勘探领域之一,但目前该领域古沉积环境及孔隙形成的成岩环境认识仍然不足。本文以阿克苏地区西沟剖面为主要研究对象,精细描述了上震旦统奇格布拉克组,系统分析了 175块岩石薄片,并优选样品开展了白云石有序度、碳氧锶同位素、微量元素和激光U-Pb同位素年龄测试分析,得出以下认识:(1)明确了奇格布拉克组主要发育叠层石、凝块石、泡沫绵层石三种微生物岩和鲕粒、粘结颗粒两种与微生物作用相关的颗粒岩,自下而上的相序组合构成晚震旦世碳酸盐岩缓坡背景下的内缓坡潮坪,微生物丘滩沉积;(2)根据碳氧同位素计算的古盐度(Z)值和古温度(T)值分别指示古海水具有较高的盐度和相对温暖的温度;(3)较高的Sr含量和低V、Ni、Ba、Co含量指示相对干旱的气候背景,低∑REE、Mo、Cu、Co、Ba含量及相对高的Pb含量及~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr值指示晚震旦世古水深整体浅、离岸近,而相对低的V/(V+Ni)值、Ce弱负异常和低Cu、Zn含量则指示了弱氧化海水的特征;(4) 5个微生物白云岩的U-Pb同位素年龄(531±29Ma～619±38Ma)和9个与之对应的不同产状碳酸盐胶结物的年龄(516±20Ma～572±25Ma和174.3±4.7Ma)以及δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O值特征综合指示微生物白云岩储层的孔隙主要为原生孔和准同生期大气水溶蚀孔,经历震旦纪末表生岩溶作用的改造及燕山期埋藏热液胶结作用的破坏。以上研究成果对该领域的岩相古地理研究和储层成因认识具有重要意义。     

Active open boundary forcing using dual relaxation time-scales in downscaled ocean models

Regional models actively forced with data from larger scale models at their open boundaries often contain motion at different time-scales (e.g. tidal and low frequency). These motions are not always individually well specified in the forcing data, and one may require a more active boundary forcing while the other exert less influence on the model interior. If a single relaxation time-scale is used to relax toward these data in the boundary equation, then this may be difficult. The method of fractional steps is used to introduce dual relaxation time-scales in an open boundary local flux adjustment scheme. This allows tidal and low frequency oscillations to be relaxed independently, resulting in a better overall solution than if a single relaxation parameter is optimized for tidal (short relaxation) or low frequency (long relaxation) boundary forcing. The dual method is compared to the single relaxation method for an idealized test case where a tidal signal is superimposed on a steady state low frequency solution, and a real application where the low frequency boundary forcing component is derived from a global circulation model for a region extending over the whole Great Barrier Reef, and a tidal signal subsequently superimposed.     

广西钦州湾红树林抗菌活性菌株Erwinia sp. 5-8的筛选及发酵条件的优化

以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用琼脂扩散法从国家海洋局海洋生物活性物质重点实验室广西钦州湾红树林微生物资源库中筛选获得一株具有明显抑菌效果的菌株5-8,对该菌株进行了分子鉴定与系统发育分析。结果表明,此菌为欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)。通过单因子试验对其发酵条件进行了优化,优化后发酵条件为:最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,发酵培养基初始pH值为8.0,发酵温度为25℃,盐度为1.5,摇瓶装液量30%,接种量为1%(V种子液∶V培养液=1∶100)。     

山东省平邑县唐家崖石膏矿区东段水文地质特征分析

唐家崖矿区地处平邑凹陷的中偏西南部,石膏矿床为一中型内陆湖相沉积矿床。该文分析了矿床的水文地质条件和含水岩组及隔水岩组的含水特征。通过对充水因素的分析,根据边界条件确定了水文地质模型,选取了大井法预测矿坑的涌水量。并在此基础上确定了矿区的水文地质条件属中等类型。     

山东省肥城陆房地区萤石矿成矿地质条件及找矿方向

肥城陆房地区是一个重要萤石矿分布区,目前评价的2个萤石矿,分别位于九山和赵家庄矿区,赋存于二长花岗岩中,受NE,NNE向构造控制,均为岩浆热液充填型。从这2个萤石矿的矿床地质特征入手,结合国内已有萤石矿资料,分析肥城陆房地区的成矿地质条件及矿床成因,总结其成矿规律,并指出今后该区找矿方向。     

地理国情普查中解译样本数据检查技术探讨

地理国情普查项目中的遥感影像解译样本数据质量关乎普查产品质量。其数据的获取是普查工作的重要内容。普查数据的获取涉及面广,精度要求高,传统检查方式难于发现问题。文中通过ArcGIS自带的VBA脚本语言实现了数据库内容与照片和实例间的对应性检查;使用开源的GDAL库及C++语言实现了实例标注位置及裁剪范围的正确性检查。该技术使解译样本数据检查效率得到提高,同时检查精度及检查内容最大限度得到保证。     

高分遥感影像与矢量数据结合的变化检测方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像与矢量数据配准套合之后存在的不一致性问题,该文探讨了多尺度分割算法获取同质像斑的方法。在此基础上,发展了一种基于最近邻分类算法的分类后处理变化检测方法。结果表明,通过多尺度分割算法能够获取"类内光谱相同"和"类间光谱相异"的像斑;分类后处理变化检测方法能够正确检测出80%以上的变化区域,在获取变化检测结果的同时能够获取变化像斑的类别,而且检测精度较高,具有较高的应用价值。     

Formation of lunar mare domes along crustal fractures: Rheologic conditions, dimensions of feeder dikes, and the role of magma evolution

In this study we examine a set of lunar mare domes located in the Hortensius/Milichius/T. Mayer region and in northern Mare Tranquillitatis with respect to their formation along crustal fractures, their rheologic properties, the dimensions of their feeder dikes, and the importance of magma evolution processes during dome formation. Many of these domes display elongated summit vents oriented radially with respect to major impact basins, and several dome locations are also aligned in these preferential directions. Analysis of Clementine UV/VIS and Lunar Prospector gamma ray spectrometer data reveals that the examined mare domes formed from low-Si basaltic lavas of high FeO and low to moderate TiO₂ content. Based on their morphometric properties (diameter, height, volume) obtained by photoclinometric and shape from shading analysis of telescopic CCD images, we derive rheologic quantities (lava viscosity during eruption, effusion rate, duration of the effusion process, magma rise speed) and the dimensions of the feeder dikes. We establish three rheologic groups characterised by specific combinations of rheologic properties and dike dimensions, where the most relevant discriminative parameter is the lava viscosity η. The first group is characterised by and contains the domes with elongated vents in the Milichius/T. Mayer region and two similar domes in northern Mare Tranquillitatis. The second group with comprises the very low aligned domes in northern Mare Tranquillitatis, and the third group with the relatively steep domes near Hortensius and in the T. Mayer region. The inferred dike dimensions in comparison to lunar crustal thickness data indicate that the source regions of the feeder dikes are situated within the upper crust for six of the domes in northern Mare Tranquillitatis, while they are likely to be located in the lower crust and in the upper mantle for the other examined domes. By comparing the time scale of magma ascent with the time scale on which heat is conducted from the magma into the host rock, we find evidence that the importance of magma evolution processes during ascent such as cooling and crystallisation increases with lava viscosity. We conclude that different degrees of evolution of initially fluid basaltic magma are able to explain the broad range of lava viscosities inferred for the examined mare domes. The spectral data reveal that differences in TiO₂ content may additionally account for the systematic difference in lava viscosity between the two examined lunar regions. We show that the described mechanisms are likely to be valid also for other lunar mare domes situated near Cauchy and Arago, regarded for comparison. On the other hand, we find for the Gruithuisen and Mairan highland domes that despite their inferred high lava viscosities of , no significant magma cooling in the dike occurred during ascent, supporting previous findings that the highland domes were formed during a specific phase of non-mare volcanism by highly silicic viscous lavas.     

新疆祁漫塔格找矿远景区重要矿产整装勘查

新疆祁漫塔格地区成矿地质条件优越,找矿潜力巨大,是新疆十大重要找矿远景区之一。通过开展重要矿产资源整装勘查,有望在该区快速实现重大找矿突破。笔者首先简要阐述了本区地质矿产特征、以往工作程度和已取得的重要找矿进展,在此基础上,提出了实施矿产资源整装勘查部署的初步方案和预期取得的找矿成果,并从组织管理、运行机制、矿业权管理以及经费来源、队伍组织等多方面探讨了实现整装勘查的具体保障措施。     

关于地理国情监测的探讨

地理国情监测作为一项日常的、长期的工作,是一项主动性、超前性的系统服务工程,是践行科学发展观的重大举措,本文在分析传统地形图局限性的基础上,根据地理国情监测的概念,提出地理国情监测的特点、内容以及陕西省地理国情监测的任务。