Geological environment impact analysis of a landfill by the Yangtze River

In order to assess the geological environment impact of a city landfill by the Yangtze River, soils from different depths in the dumpsite were sampled and analyzed. It was found that pollutants content at the site was distinctly higher than that in nearby environments. The content of heavy metals, such as Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Cu, reduces as depth increases; the content of elements F, Cl and N is the contrary. Pollutants migration driven by underground water flow was analyzed, considering the hydro-geological conditions of the site. It is believed that, due to leaching after rainfall infiltration, pollutants in the garbage layer migrates deeper, the cohesive soil in the underlying surface prevents them from spreading to the deeper aquifer; additionally, the high pressure tolerance of the deep groundwater is a key factor in preventing pollutants from entering the aquifer. Furthermore, human control has reduced the annual fluctuation range of water level in nearby rivers, weakening the hydrodynamic relations with phreatic water, and thus reducing the spreading of pollutants to nearby surface waters.     

The effect of river-delta system on the formation of the source rocks in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin

Source rock formation influenced by river-delta system, especially in continental margin basins, is still poorly understood. This article aimed to reveal the effect of river-delta system on the formation of the source rock by taking the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin for example. Paleo-Pearl River began to develop since the Enping Formation, providing abundant organic matter beneficial for the formation of the source rocks in the Baiyun Sag. The main controlling factor of source rock formation in the Baiyun Sag is terrestrial organic matter supply rather than the paleoproductivity or redox conditions. Low Al/Ti and P/Ti ratios suggest low marine productivity, which may be associated with a large number of terrigenous detritus input, occupying about 43.04%–94.91%. There is a positive correlation between the oleanane/C₃₀hopane ratio and the TOC value, showing that terrigenous organic matter controls the source rock formation. The size of the delta below Pearl River estuary determines the extent of terrestrial organic matter supply. Source rocks with high organic matter abundance mainly formed in delta environment, and those in neritic environment in Enping and Zhuhai Formations also have high TOC values as a result of adequate terrestrial organic matter supply.     

Changes in life cycle of the Ponto‐Caspian amphipod Pontogammarus robustoides at in the northernmost part of its range

The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of abundance, population structure and reproductive variables of the invasive Ponto‐Caspian amphipod Pontogammarus robustoides in its northernmost population, located in the Baltic Sea. Pontogammarus robustoides population variables were studied every month from May to October over 7 years (2002–2008) at two locations in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, one site in the north and one in the south. Observations of macrozoobenthos were also conducted once per year in July at 12 sites in this gulf during 2002–2014. This was to monitor the distribution area of P. robustoides and its abundance/biomass in different parts of the Gulf. The results showed that P. robustoides is a widely spread species in the Gulf, preferring to colonize stone‐sandy, vegetated and littoral habitats, from the shore to a depth of 5 m, with water salinity of 0.2–3 ppt. This species co‐exists with other amphipods, such as the Baikalian Gmelinoides fasciatus, the North Atlantic Gammarus tigrinus and the native Gammarus spp. The abundance of P. robustoides varied between the two study sites and among years (2002–2008), reaching a maximum level of 1000 ind.·m^?2 for adults and 3000 ind.·m^?2 for juveniles. The temperature‐dependent duration of egg development (embryogenesis) in the amphipod and the annual number of generations in P. robustoides populations varied among years. Three generations were recorded in most years and two generations in the coldest years. Clutch size (or fecundity) was dependent on the body length of female and averaged between 33 and 43 eggs per clutch for females ranging in body length from 11.2 to 12.2 mm. A maximum of 75 eggs were observed in a female with a body length of 16 mm. This paper concludes that life‐cycle variables change when P. robustoides spreads from the southern (Ponto‐Caspian region) to northern (Baltic Sea) range areas. In the studied northernmost location, the fecundity and number of generations of this amphipod were 1.5–2‐fold lower compared with the more southern locations. In addition, these variables and P. robustoides abundance were different between the coldest and warmest years at study sites that testify about their distinct dependence on local environmental conditions; further changes in life cycle of this species may be expected together with current climate warming.     

浅谈地理国情普查易变化区域分析方法

地理国情普查是集地表自然、生态和人类活动基本情况为一体的国情国力调查。本文依据地理国情普查相关技术规程和行业标准,通过对收集资料和任务区自然地理概况进行分析及在生产实践中的应用,总结易变化区域的分析统计方法,并以非季节性变化情况为分析重点。     

基于地理国情普查数据的空间规划底图编制研究

空间规划底图编制是创新性地编制好市县经济社会发展总体规划、实施主体功能区制度、推动市县"多规合一"的重要基础。本文基于地理国情普查数据,开展空间规划底图编制生产性实验,对生产及技术环节提出指导意见,分析相关问题产生的原因,总结经验。     

基于规则的拓扑在地理国情普查空间数据质量检查中的应用

在研究ArcGIS基于规则的拓扑关系的基础上,探讨了基于规则的拓扑在第一次全国地理国情普查空间数据的质量检查中的应用,并以某县地理国情普查数据为例,进行拓扑关系的创建与验证。     

地理国情监测专业的开放式创新教学体系

针对地理国情监测是国家测绘地理信息转型升级的重大战略,需要大批跨学科门类、跨学科专业、开放型创新人才的现状,该文面向地理国情监测专业特色和人才培养目标,从教学内容、教学组织、教学资源和教学手段等方面提出了开放式创新教学体系,以开源软件教学为例,对地理国情监测专业课程开放式教学资源和教学手段进行了案例设计,表明该文提出的地理国情监测专业开放教学体系具有操作性和适用性。     

基于ArcGIS的地理国情普查图的设计与编制

随着地理国情普查数据库建设的深入,如何利用地理国情数据编制地理国情普查图是下一步的工作重点。本文以吉林省东丰县地理国情普查数据为例,应用Arc GIS平台进行数据编辑与处理,使用Photoshop的图像处理技术将地图学和美学相融合,阐述了地理国情普查图的设计和编制方法。     

浅谈地理国情监测成果质量检验与评定

简述了地理国情监测成果质量检验与评定方法,明确了地理国情监测成果抽样过程、质量元素、质量子元素、检查项,给出了地表覆盖类、地理国情类地理国情监测成果样本质量评定指标和批质量判定方法。     

基于遥感技术的汪清县森林资源动态监测研究与实践

以吉林省汪清县为研究区,根据地理国情普查成果应用及监测工作通知要求,探讨了遥感技术在汪清县森林资源监测应用上的主要内容和方法。利用吉林省地理国情普查、基础测绘成果数据,结合Landsat、SPOT、ALOS等卫星影像数据,进行汪清县土地覆盖信息提取及动态监测、森林类型提取及动态监测、植被覆盖度提取及动态监测、森林参数模型反演及动态监测、驱动因子选取等内容进行了详细地说明,同时,针对汪清县森林资源各项的动态变化情况进行了驱动力分析。