‘Great Powers’ in climate politics

The concept of ‘Great Powers’ extends well beyond its nineteenth century origins to current business in, for example, the EU, the UN Security Council, and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Such core groups can be crucial to finding agreement in complex and fractured negotiations. Climate change was not initially seen as an issue for the Great Power-type architecture. The problem was of universal concern, requiring universal involvement. Moreover, climate's natural great powers (the EU, the US, China, Japan, Russia, Brazil, India, and Canada) split into three antagonistic camps: the EU pressing for sharp emissions reductions; the US, with the other developed powers, much more cautious; and China, India, and Brazil determined that action should be confined to the developed world. These divisions contributed hugely to the ineffectiveness of both the 1992 Rio convention and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. In addition, as non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; particularly Chinese) emissions fast outgrew OECD emissions, their exclusion from any constraint became visibly untenable. So, from 2005 on, the Great Powers began to meet more closely in what became the Major Economies Forum. That cooperation contributed significantly to the 2009 Copenhagen Accord. The climate problem is of course far from being solved, but maintaining Great Power cooperation will be crucial to further progress.     

征地制度改革的历史回顾与思考

计划经济时期的征地与建立市场经济体制后的征地,所体现的经济关系有重大区别。对征地制度改革的认识,也经历了逐步深化的过程。本文对我国征地制度的改革历程进行了系统回顾,针对征地制度改革中的理论与法律问题作了深入探讨。     

街区突发性泄漏的气体扩散过程仿真技术的集成试验

突发性泄漏事故已成为我国城市公共安全的一个潜在威胁.本文以福建省福州市某街区为案例,采用高分辨率遥感影像、各种敏感目标和人口的分布信息等空间数据,利用事件触发机制,建立基础数据库与虚拟现实仿真试验平台.针对威胁城市公共安全的突发性泄漏事故,选择一种适合城市街区尺度的点源气体扩散模型与GIS集成,以构建泄漏气体扩散的三维...     

Urban China in transformation: Hybrid economy,juxtaposed space,and new testing ground for geographical enquiries

History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of China’s urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. China’s phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the Chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and Chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban China has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.     

城市空间扩展模型及对长沙市的模拟研究

借鉴传统的元胞自动机模型自下而上的运行规则,通过引入规划控制层,将自下而上和自上而下2种运行规则结合起来,构建了城市空间扩展模型,简化了传统城市空间扩展模型计算的数据量。以长沙市为例,采用1996,1999,2002,2005年城市规划资料数据,运用城市空间扩展模型将长沙城市空间分为12个组团分片模拟,并结合人口经济模型,预测了2020年长沙城市建设用地面积、人口经济与各个片区城市空间扩展等状况,为城市规划管理决策提供参考。     

区域发展不平衡研究进展

区域发展不平衡是指区域之间在发展水平、功能和结构上的时空不平衡性.文献综述分析发现:区域发展不平衡的评价指标主要有两类:一类是地区经济增长成果指标,另一类是地区间生活水平指标.这两类指标都局限于收入或GDP等经济指标,这对评价区域发展不平衡是不够的,区域发展不平衡的评价应该落到福祉水平层面.区域发展不平衡是区域发展与时间、空间组成的三位一体,对其研究应从时、空2个维度展开,即将空间维度的静态研究和时间维度的动态研究结合起来.     

我国东中西部碳排放量影响因素面板数据研究

为促进省域低碳经济发展,以碳排放量为研究对象,采用5个解释变量建立面板数据模型.研究发现:经济增长和产业结构是影响东中部碳排放量的2个最重要变量,影响系数东部依次为0.602,0.544,中部依次为1.441,0.407,其次是人均收入水平、人口增长和能源价格:在西部,人均收入水平和产业结构是影响其碳排放量的2个最重要变量,影响系数分别为0.967,0.788,其次是人口增长、能源价格和经济增长状况:能源价格影响度从东到西依次提高,特别是人均收入对西部碳排放量影响度远远超过东部:因地制宜,对于东、中部地区政府要重视优化经济增长方式和调整其产业结构,对于西部更应重视调整人均收入政策及加强能源价格控制.面板单位根检验我国东中西部各变量均存在一阶单整,面板协整检验省域碳排放量与人们收入水平、经济增长水平、产业结构、能源价格和人口增长之间存在长期稳定内生经济关系.     

新疆维吾尔自治区能源消耗与经济增长关系的实证研究

根据新疆维吾尔自治区1952～2007年主要年份能源消耗的统计数据以及相应年份人均GDP统计数据,分析了单位GDP能源消耗与人均GDP之间的相关关系,选取相关能耗指标（煤炭消耗量、石油消耗量、天然气消耗量、电力消耗量）,建立两者之间的计量模型,并在此基础上分析单位GDP能源消耗与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现,新疆单位GDP能源消耗与人均GDP增长呈类似于EKC的倒U型曲线,且当今曲线已过转折点,单位GDP能源消耗随人均GDP增长将持续下降。因此,有必要采取有力措施进一步降低单位GDP能源消耗,倡导＂循环经济＂、＂绿色GDP＂等,使曲线走势向良性方向发展。     

越南政治地理的脆弱性

政治地理的脆弱性是一个国家自然地理基础、社会文化历史、国内关系和国际关系的综合函数,直接关系到一个国家的国家安全。本文引入生态学关于脆弱性的概念,从内部和外部双重视角分析越南政治地理的脆弱性特征,同时分析梳理越南与世界大国、周边邻国特别是同中国的关系,并从区域热点问题入手,以期对中国周边地缘战略研究提供分析视角。     

基于公民意识改变的低碳经济发展研究

低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的现代经济发展模式。研究基于公民意识改变的低碳经济发展对促进低碳社会实现经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。通过资料分析与文献研究的方法,在研究低碳经济产生与发展的基础上,对我国现有公民意识对低碳经济的认识进行系统研究,总结出了我国现有公民意识对低碳经济发展的利弊影响,认识到公民低碳意识的形成与提高是影响低碳经济发展的一个不可忽视的因素。发展低碳经济应该从公民低碳意识的形成与提高做起,并提出了基于公民意识改变的低碳经济发展对策。