发展循环经济的城市污水回用研究

城市是社会经济发展的中心区域,因此建设城市循环经济体系和资源节约型社会已成为当务之急。由于水资源短缺和水污染严重已经成为制约城市可持续发展的重要因素,有的地方的水资源短缺甚至成为制约城市发展的最主要因素,而城市污水回用是解决水资源短缺和水环境污染的有效途径,因此,在发展城市循环经济时,应优先考虑城市污水回用问题。文章对我国城市污水回用面临的问题进行了较深入的探讨,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

区域经济协同发展及其理论依据与实施途径

该文指出区域经济协同发展应以协同学原理为基本理论依据,遵循比较优势与互利共赢原则、科学性与超前性原则、主导内容优先整合下的比较优势全面整合原则、组织实施的可操作性与可调控性原则、协同发展下的效率与公平兼顾原则,建立跨行政区组织协调机构及其运行机制,加强在宏观发展框架下的区域规划工作和规划实施体系建设,有效激活与加快构建行业与企业的自组织协调机制;建立跨行政区点轴开发的经济地域系统;建立衡量地方经济发展与考核政府政绩的区际协调与保障机制,并提出区域经济协同发展实施与监督调控的基本途径。     

高新技术产业区位研究进展综述

高新技术产业是知识经济的主导产业,具有对知识和技术创新高度依赖、产品生命周期短暂、边际效率递增等特点,表现出与传统产业不同的区位要求和空间逻辑。为了更深入地认识高新技术产业的区位和空间特性,该文对高新技术产业的区位理论基础、产业区位影响因素等方面的国内外研究进展进行综述,分析已往研究存在的不足,探讨今后高新技术产业区位研究应注意的问题。     

Energizing historical materialism: Fossil fuels, space and the capitalist mode of production

In this paper, I present a theoretical argument that fossil fuel represents a historically specific and internally necessary aspect of the capitalist mode of production. Despite sustained attention to distributional conflicts between international capital and energy rich nation-states, few historical-materialists have paid attention to the relations between fossil fuel and capital accumulation in industrial capitalist societies. In opposition to ecological economic notions of fixed thermodynamic “laws”, I first propose a dialectical conception of energy as embedded in dynamic social processes and power relations. Second, I review the historical importance of the energy shift from solar or biological sources of energy (muscles, wind, and water) to fossilized sources of energy (coal, oil, and gas). I then demonstrate how attention to fossil fuel energy forces a reexamination of the core insights of ecological Marxism and the political economy of nature. In the core argument of the paper, I reconsider the shift from biological to fossil energy as internal to the generalization and extension of capitalist social relations from two basic vantage points - (1) capitalist production based on wage labor; (2) the spatial conditions of capitalist circulation. I conclude by asking whether it is accurate to conceptualize capitalism as a “fossil fuel mode of production” and highlight the political urgency of a historical materialist perspective that takes seriously the importance of energy to the reproduction of capitalist social relations.     

开辟矿山第二产业,发展绿色循环经济

本文阐述了开发利用尾矿生产建筑用砖,替代传统粘土砖的重要意义和可行性。开发利用尾矿,有利于矿山环境治理,促进循环经济利用、保护耕地,还能减少地质灾害的形成。在为老矿山开辟新出路的同时,还增加了就业机会。     

Open innovation and its discontents

This paper critically synthesizes empirics and issues in discrete inter-disciplinary literatures to identify ‘open innovation’ as part of an emergent regime of accumulation, overlaying and co-existing with flexible production, and encompassing novel firm-level strategies, new forms of corporate networks, and a disturbing capital-labor relation that informalizes innovative work while cultivating entrepreneurial but self-exploiting subjects. I explain the novelty of open innovation, its genealogy, and the implications for people and conditions of work as much as for firms in a new topology of power relations. I cast the ensemble of strategies and tactics encompassed in open innovation as contingent, continually unfolding, and sometimes chaotic if not destructive for both firms and labor, in contrast to the celebratory tone in the business as well as geography and regional studies literatures regarding its benefits for competitiveness, innovativeness, value capture, and development. Open innovation – the externalization of innovation – entails long-run approaches to innovation and investment that are fraught with problems, prompting the development of short-term tactics to engage the challenges. One short-run strategy, crowdsourcing, bypasses the conventional web of inter-firm relations to connect digitally with individuals of the global crowd, enabling firms to reap the benefits of the crowd’s innovative talents, often without remuneration under circumstances that institutionalize informal work. These neoliberal subjects are best understood in terms of multiple subjectivities. I close by connecting the crowdsourcing of innovative with non-innovative work, both of which are parts of the emergent regime associated with new hiring and work practices that usher in new modes of exploitation.     

Volume control: Stormwater and the politics of urban metabolism

This paper engages with emergent conceptualizations of political–industrial ecology to understand the politics surrounding how the volume, composition, and material throughput of stormwater in Los Angeles is calculated and applied by experts. The intent is to examine the unfolding relationship between the volume and material flow of stormwater, and the social, political, and technical practices involved in identifying stormwater as a new and underutilized water resource. Specifically, it seeks to understand how the active processes of calculating the metabolic inflows and outflows of stormwater in Los Angeles serve as a way for the city to render value and meaning to the flows of stormwater. I suggest that the ways urban metabolisms are calculated reflect a volumetric approach to environmental governance that serves to achieve certain political goals. I refer to this type of governance as volume control—a way of organizing technopolitical interventions around overcoming problems related to the volume of resources flowing and circulating into, through, and out of cities and industrial systems. I argue that understanding this form of governance relies on taking a political–industrial ecology approach that accounts for both the social and material dimensions of resource flows. While the categories and motivations of stormwater governance remain contested over time and space, it is shown that stormwater in Los Angeles needs to be understood in relation to the ecological systems and scientific, political, and cultural practices designed to make it into a resource and align with existing patterns of growth and development.     

The role of material efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions during ship manufacture: A life cycle approach

Low carbon shipping research focuses on energy efficiency and mitigation measures related to operations and technology. However, reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with a vessel’s material production receives limited attention. Material efficiency is defined as “providing material services with less material production and processing”. The current business model for ship building and breaking does not embrace fully material efficiency principles. Exploring a case study of a vessel's steel hull, this study applies a Life Cycle Assessment approach to determine the effectiveness of material efficiency to reduce CO₂ emissions. When compared to Business as Usual, designing and manufacturing for 100% hull reuse provides an emissions reduction of 29% from 221,978 t CO₂ to 158,285 t CO₂; 50% reuse provides a 10% reduction (199,816 t CO₂). From a technical and safety perspective there remain key barriers that need addressing: a vessel’s hull would require to be designed for dismantling to improve reuse; the operation and maintenance schedule must ensure the value of the steel is retained and; data must flow between key stakeholders on the quality of the steel. Despite these challenges, progressing material efficiency would require different business models that reach out and integrate the whole supply chain. There is a need for public and privately funded demonstration projects at a range of scales and markets, to provide investors the confidence that there is retained value in the steel hull when it reaches its end-of-life.     

Blue growth and ecosystem services

The recent years have witnessed a rise in interest in the ocean economy. To cover a more sustainable dimension, terms such as ‘blue economy’ and ‘blue growth’ have been coined, and are increasingly used in international contexts and academic literature. However, there are no generally accepted definitions of these ‘blue’ concepts. In particular, it is not clear what connotation of sustainability and what role of natural environment is linked to these terms. The objective of this study is to retrace the meaning of the concepts of blue economy and blue growth and include them in a coherent environmental accounting framework. Starting from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting of the United Nations, a set of assumptions is proposed to link blue economy/growth and ecosystem services, including the creation of an adjusted measure of value added, while considering the depletion and degradation of the environment and the value of non-market benefits provided by the ecosystem. Finally, an example of this approach in the case of the Mediterranean Sea is presented.