Bridges,Tunnels and Their Relationship to the Economic Development on Both Sides of Taiwan Strait

The construction of bridges and tunnels plays an important role in the social and economic development of cities and local regions. The planning of the bridge and tunnel across Taiwan Straits will have a positive effect on the economic development at each stage: preplanning, engineering construction, and the completion of the project. The two sides of Taiwan Straits have the advantage of a suitable location, consanguineous relationship, and appropriate geographic conditions. Currently, there are many economic and cultural communications between both sides of the Straits. The bridge and tunnel from Xiamen to Jinmen can be regarded as the beginning of the “golden link belt.” The total capability for sustainable development of Fujian Province ranks the sixth among 31 provinces in China, which will provide powerful support for the construction of the bridge and tunnel.     

Are African penguins worth saving? The ecotourism value of the Boulders Beach colony

Populations of the African penguin Spheniscus demersus have decreased dramatically over the past century, due in part to competition for food with commercial fisheries, and the species is now endangered as a result. Economic arguments are used to favour fisheries over the needs of penguins, but penguins have direct value to the South African economy thanks to penguin-based tourism at several breeding colonies. We estimated the value of African penguins at the most important tourist site for African penguins: Boulders on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. As a mainland colony close to Cape Town, Boulders is accessible to large numbers of visitors; gate revenues in 2009/2010 alone were R14.5 million (US$2 million). A zonal travel-cost analysis revealed an average consumer surplus among Cape Town residents of some R20 per visit. Penguin-based tourism thus forms an integral part of the R25 billion Western Cape tourism sector. Given that the future survival of this valuable resource is dependent, among others, on the availability of sufficient prey, competition with South Africa's purse-seine fishing fleet should be limited through management strategies that lessen the potential effects of fishing on prey available at the local scale.     

Finding common ground: relational concepts of land tenure and economy in the oil palm frontier of Papua New Guinea

In the oil palm frontier regions of West New Britain and Oro provinces, Papua New Guinea, customary land tenure arrangements are changing in response to the growing demand for land for agricultural development. This paper examines one aspect of these changes, namely the gifting and selling of customary land for oil palm development to people who have no customary birthrights to the land. By analysing how access rights are maintained over the relatively long cultivation cycle of oil palm (approximately 25 years), and in the context of the rapidly changing socio-economic and demographic environments of the oil palm frontiers, the paper demonstrates that while land transactions seemingly entail the commodification of land, land rights and security of land tenure remain embedded in social relationships. For customary landowners, the moral basis of land rights is contingent on 'outsiders' maintaining particular kinds of social and economic relationships with their customary landowning 'hosts'. In exploring how these social relationships are constituted through the performance of particular kinds of exchange relationships, the paper provides insights into relational concepts of land rights and how these are able to persist in Papua New Guinea's oil palm frontier regions where resource struggles are often intense and where large migrant populations are seeking land for agricultural development.     

辽宁沿海地区循环经济发展综合评价

科学构建循环经济评价指标体系,评价和监测循环经济发展的状态和程度,是循环经济研究的重要内容,是地区实现可持续发展的依据.基于国家规定循环经济评价指标体系,应用层次分析法对辽宁沿海地区循环经济发展进行评价,结果表明:大连是循环经济发展态势较好地区;葫芦岛、丹东是循环经济发展有待加强地区;营口、锦州、盘锦是急需加快循环经济发展的重点地区.并提出今后循环经济发展的重点和方向及加快辽宁沿海地区循环经济发展的对策、建议.     

基于产业联动的区域经济合作潜力研究——以淮海经济区为例

淮海经济区为典型的欠发达省际边界区,研究其产业合作潜力,对推动跨省经济合作具有重要意义。运用三次产业相似系数、区位熵灰色关联和产业合作潜力模型,得出苏北、鲁南、皖北、豫东四大板块三次产业结构相似系数、各城市产业结构的灰色关联度、各城市不同产业的灰色关联度和徐州与其他19个城市产业合作潜力系数等结果。通过以上结果对该区域的产业结构相似性、产业分工、产业合作潜力进行分析,发现其存在三次产业结构趋同、行业分工逐渐深化、产业合作开始快速发展、基础设施合作潜力最大等问题和特征。     

河南外向型经济区域差异及极化态势分析

在对河南外向型经济的核心内容出口贸易、实际利用FDI两方面区域差异分析的基础上,引入新近发展起来的区域经济极化理论和方法测算并分析河南外向型经济区域极化程度、演化态势,对极化空间指向也进行了探讨;研究表明,河南外向型经济区域极化态势突出,作为增长极的中原城市群地区与外围地区两极分化格局突出。最后,针对河南外向型经济区域差异及极化发展的现状特征提出几点调控的政策建议。     

沙产业理论体系构建初探

1984年,我国著名科学家钱学森提出了发展沙产业的构想,在沙产业理论的指导下,西北各省区进行了积极的探索实践,取得了一定进展,但沙产业理论体系构建的研究仍处于探索阶段。通过回顾沙产业概念的提出与发展、梳理沙产业理论的学科基础,初步探讨了沙产业理论体系构建的基本框架,以期为沙产业理论的进一步完善奠定基础,推动沙产业的健康发展,促进沙区生态、经济、社会共赢,人与自然和谐相处,经济社会协调可持续发展。     

湘澳经贸合作的新机遇与新机制

湘澳合作是在CEPA及泛珠三角"9+2"框架下的区域合作,其在招商引资、会展、旅游、消费维权等合作方面取得了一些进展,但合作的广度和深度还不够,湖南没有充分利用好澳门的"平台"作用,自身的特色和优势没有得到充分体现.长株潭城市群被批准为两型社会试验区为湘澳合作提供了新的机遇,全球性的金融危机也为湘澳合作带来了新的挑战.通过对湘澳区域关系和合作机制的反思,认为湘澳合作应由政府推动的合作机制转变为市场引导和政府推动结合的新机制,并充分发挥民间组织的作用,以推动湘澳合作取得更大的进展.     

LIVESTOCK VERSUS “WILD BEASTS”: CONTRADICTIONS IN THE NATURAL PATRIMONIALIZATION OF THE PYRENEES

ABSTRACT. The Pyrenees are becoming an environmental reservoir. The acute human depopulation experienced during the twentieth century and the progressive appropriation of large parts of the mountainous territory by the state in order to implement conservation policies have resulted in the return, via reintroduction or natural regeneration, of bears, wolves, beavers, river otters, marmots, mouflon, feral goats, and deer, among other species. This development, however, has not occurred without social and scientific controversy and leads to questions about territorialization and governmentality. Herders perceive wild animals as unregulated public property subsidized by the work of the local populace. Agriculturalists see their fields trespassed on a daily basis by animals they cannot kill because of their protected status. Ranchers, under extremely strict sanitation regulations, see their animals coming into contact with these unchecked wild populations. The work and living space of the mountain communities has fallen under the jurisdiction of external institutions and constituencies that value conservation and ecotourism above local subsistence.     

中国东北农业生产适应气候变化的行为经济学解释

利用调查问卷和入户访谈的方法,以中国东北地区11个调查点为研究区.对554户农户进行调查研究.从行为经济学的视角出发,把农业实践者的粮食种植行为作为一种农业经济行为,分析20世纪80年代气候变暖以来,农业实践者在农业种植决策中的行为过程及其与传统经济学理性行为之间的差异.结果显示,在不确定条件下,农业决策行为符合行为经济学的一般规律,在认知偏差和思维定式等因素的影响下,会系统地偏离传统经济学理论,产生非理性行为,从而导致适应与变化之间存在时滞现象:①受启发式认知偏向的影响,农业实践者在作物种类选择、种植计划制定和粮食出售时间确定等方面均表现为非理性的特点:②受中国具体国情和农业生产固有特点的影响,出于"保障生活能够继续"的考虑,农业实践者判断"获得"和"损失"的参照点通常很低,对作物品种选择的行为更倾向于保守.