沿海城市竞争力评价及资源环境约束分析

在借鉴国内外研究的基础上,建立了城市竞争力评价指标体系。通过熵值法和均方差决策法确定各指标权重,对我国14个沿海开放城市竞争力进行了评价。分析发现,各城市综合竞争力具有内部差异大、极化现象突出等特点。从城市竞争力要素层得分及其状况来看,各城市之间差异显著,而生态环境竞争力普遍偏低。从空间角度看,各城市竞争力水平大致形成了以中部上海为核心,南部广州、北部天津为两翼,连接各城市构成了一条倒"V"字型向东突出的城市竞争力发展格局。根据评价结果由高到低可将14个城市分为强竞争力、较强竞争力、一般竞争力、弱竞争力四大类。     

广东省开发区土地利用模式研究

基于开发区土地开发程度、土地利用强度、土地经济效益三因子,构建了开发区利用模式划分指标体系。通过定量分析与定性分析相结合,对广东省开发区土地利用管理模式进行划分,并剖析了各种利用模式的特征及适用性。可为提升开发区土地集约利用水平和发展质量提供有益参考。     

Eroding battlefields: Land degradation in Java reconsidered

Land degradation has been a major political issue in Java for decades. Its causes have generally been framed by narratives focussing on farmers’ unsustainable cultivation practices. This paper causally links land degradation with struggles over natural resources in Central Java. It presents a case study that was part of a research project combining remote sensing and political ecology to explore land use/cover change and its drivers in the catchment of the Segara Anakan lagoon. Historically rooted land conflicts have turned the land into a political battlefield, with soil erosion being the direct outcome of the political struggles. Starting from an analysis of environmental changes using satellite images and historical maps, the research explored a history of violent displacements in the frame of a series of brutal insurgencies and counterinsurgencies in the 1950/60s. In these struggles over national political power, entire villages were erased, and peasants’ land was appropriated by the state. This political history is ‘inscribed’ in today’s landscape. The contested land comprises some of the most erosion-prone sites in the entire catchment of the lagoon. The landscape of erosion is a landscape of conflict and a symbol of historical violence and injustice. In line with our research in other parts of the catchment, the case study presented here challenges dominant political discourses about the nature of upland degradation in Java. It provides insight into still unresolved and underexplored chapters of Indonesian history and presents a strong plea for combining land use change science and (historical) political ecology.     

“旅游地理信息系统”教学融入思政元素探索

旅游地理信息系统课程是校级素质选修课,在课程中融入思想政治教育元素具有一定的社会意义和现实意义。教学中应以立德树人为根本,充分发挥教师和课程育人的主体作用,在教学中融入新时期的思想政治教育,将教授专业技能知识与思想政治教育融入课程教学,实现思想政治教育与知识体系教育的有机统一,建立思想政治教育与专业课程合力育人的新体系。     

2021年度自然科学基金申请书关键词透视地理科学研究前沿热点与发展方向

地理科学是提升人类对地球表层认知、探索人地关系、解决资源、环境、发展所面临的复杂问题的重要支撑。引领科学发展,支撑领域人才队伍的建设与培育,是国家自然科学基金委员会的使命与职责。追踪地理科学领域前沿,优化学科布局并开展战略引导是基金委地理科学学科工作的重要任务。以2021年国家自然科学基金地理科学领域4 479项申请书为样本,运用词云分析方法,对申请书的关键词进行统计分析,剖析了地理科学及各分支学科的研究热点。结果表明：“深度学习”“气候变化”“生态系统服务”“高光谱遥感”“青藏高原”“可持续发展”等是2021年地理科学研究内容与方法的热点关键词。在分支学科间交叉融合方面,信息地理学与人文地理学的共现关键词主要有“空间分析模型”“地理信息系统”“遥感”“机器学习”等;自然地理学与人文地理学的共现关键词主要有“生态系统服务”“土地利用”“土地利用变化”“可持续发展”“情景分析”等;自然地理学与信息地理学的共现关键词主要有“遥感监测”“尺度效应”“机器学习”“数字土壤制图”等。未来,国家自然科学基金委员会将从关键词设置、学科间交叉融合等途径入手,进一步从战略层面优化地理科学研究布局,引导科学家聚焦地理学基础理论与热点前沿问题,服务碳中和、乡村振兴等国家重大战略需求。     

环印度洋地区中国国家风险的综合评估及时空演变分析

环印度洋地区对中国经济发展与国家安全至关重要,但是环印度洋地区广阔的地域空间和复杂的社会环境,对中国企业投资、商贸往来等构成诸多潜在风险。基于2005—2019年环印度洋地区49个国家的相关数据,从政治、经济、社会和文化4个维度选取22个指标构建环印度洋地区国家风险评价指标体系,利用动态时间规整和地图可视化探究环印度洋地区5个子区域2005—2019年综合风险及各维度风险的时空演变特点。研究结果表明：① 2005—2019年,环印度洋地区国家的综合风险总体呈下降趋势,但区域内国家仍集中在中风险和较高风险等级;② 巴基斯坦?阿富汗?伊拉克?伊朗和埃及?苏丹?厄立特里亚?索马里是区域内2大综合风险高值集聚区,环印度洋地区国家的综合风险呈现较为明显的“区域集聚性”特点;③ 不同地区主导风险不同,政治风险是除澳大利亚以外其他地区的主导风险,也是环印度洋地区目前最主要的风险来源。     

数字经济缩小了城乡差距吗？——基于中介效应模型的实证检验

发展数字经济是当前中国加快缩小城乡差距的新机遇。在理论诠释数字经济对城乡差距影响机理的基础上,采用省级面板数据,构建数字经济衡量指标,识别了空间分异特征,并通过中介效应模型检验数字经济对城乡差距的直接效应和间接效应。研究发现：（1）2013—2017年数字经济、制造业集聚总体发展呈上升趋势,城乡差距显著缩小,但区域差异明显,呈现出由东向西递减、分布不均衡的空间格局;（2）数字经济通过发挥市场一体化效应、模块化分工效应直接地缩小了城乡差距,经由集聚经济通过发挥劳动力再配置效应、集聚效应间接地缩小了城乡差距;（3）分地区检验发现：受核心城市的虹吸强度差异影响,东中西部地区分别呈现出正向、不显著和负向的直接效应。东中部地区具有显著负向的间接效应,西部地区则由于较高制度成本阻碍生产要素跨区域流动而表现出正向的间接效应。据此,缩小城乡差距应重视缩小数字鸿沟、促进要素流动和集聚平衡等方面。     

艰难时世中的地理创造——张相文的地学生涯与学术贡献

张相文是中国近代地理学先驱。在时局动荡的清末民初时期,他将家国情怀与学术追求相结合,在不断转换的身份之中谋求地学报国。其地理学家的主要身份与革命家、历史学家、教育家、实业家等多重身份交织在一起。他是“中国地学会”(中国地理学会的前身)的主要创建者和组织者,是中国第一本地理学学术期刊《地学杂志》的主要创办者。他明确提出“秦岭—淮河”南北地理分界线,创编较为完整的地理学教材,积极投身洪水治理、田野考察为主的地理实践,强有力地推动了中国近代地理学的迅速发展。论文通过广泛的资料比对重新归纳提炼了张相文的学术思想、主要活动及其现实意义。包容与专业精神、卓越的组织领导力、积极投身实践与治理、长期的坚守是他能够获得开创性成就的主要原因,也非常值得现今地理学者及团体发展借鉴。     

Drivers of national climate policy

Patterns of national climate policy performance and their implications for the geopolitics of climate change are examined. An overview of levels of emissions performance across countries is first provided. Substantial changes in emissions trends over time are documented, notably with GHG emissions trajectories, which are shaped less and less by the developed/developing country divide. Various patterns of policy convergence and divergence in the types of policies states implement are then surveyed. Four broad types of explanation that may account for these trends are then explored: (1) variation in the institutional form of country-level governance regimes, (2) patterns of dependence on fossil fuel energy, (3) broad systemic differences among states (specifically in their population densities, carbon intensity, and per capita incomes, and (4) variations in the traditions of economic intervention by states. The article contributes to the growing body of work on comparative climate policy, and provides a first attempt at exploring the comparative politics of instrument choice. The analysis challenges the continued importance of a North–South divide for the future of climate policy, thus reinforcing a sense of the ‘new geopolitics’ of climate change. Some of the implications of the analysis for debates about the form of future international agreement on mitigation policy are also explored.

Policy relevance

The article contributes to the understanding of the variety of institutional conditions under which policy makers develop policy and thus the constraints and opportunities for the design of international agreements under these conditions.     

Why common interests and collective action are not enough for environmental cooperation – Lessons from the China-EU cooperation discourse on circular economy

Scholars have argued that circular economy (CE) must be upscaled and globalized to address excessive resource extraction and waste generation. Many CE practitioners consider the first international CE agreement between China and the EU a milestone towards such an effort. This analysis shows why this expectation is premature. European and Chinese stakeholders’ optimistic and depoliticized CE narratives disable communication regarding development disparities, negative competition and distrust, which shape geopolitical rivalry. While skeptical narratives that address political barriers exist, they fall short of suggesting alternatives. Based on 72 stakeholder interviews, 40 documents and participant observation, these results highlight the critical importance of investigating narrative strategies to repoliticize environmental cooperation. Such narrative strategies would support contestation and negotiation on development disparities and open channels for joint conceptualization of implementation scales for environmental strategies, circular or otherwise. We therefore propose using constructivist perspectives of international relations to explore discursive barriers and enablers to global environmental action.