县域交通优势度与经济发展的空间关联——以江西省为例

用重要区域邻近度替代区位优势度,对交通优势度评价模型进行修正,借助GIS软件的空间分析及SPSS软件的统计分析工具,并用修正后的模型,以江西省为研究对象,研究了该区域县域交通优势度和经济发展的空间分布特征与空间关联。江西省交通优势度呈现北高南低、设区市周边县域高、交通干线沿线高的特点;县域经济发展水平呈现整体偏低且发展不均衡、主要中心城市和工业城市及交通枢纽地区偏高、沿交通干线尤其是铁路干线较高的特点;交通优势度与县域经济发展呈线性相关,有4种组合类型:极化型、滞后型、超前型、落后型。为促进县域经济的发展,应从点(增长极)、线(发展主轴)及面(重点区域)3个方面发展交通网络。     

空港经济综合竞争力评估——以江苏省域机场为例

在界定空港经济竞争力概念的基础上,构建空港经济竞争力模型,以机场密集区中具有代表意义的江苏省域为区域背景,考察机场的空港经济竞争力及其内部子系统竞争力变化特征。在综合竞争力方面,江苏机场等级体系鲜明,具有明显地域过渡性。子系统分析表明,机场子系统差距最大,硬件建设普遍超前于软实力建设;城市子系统内部差距缩小,地域过渡特征更为明显;空港经济区子系统基本处于低位均衡。当前城市发展是省内空港经济的最强动力,但城市各要素作用力不均衡,经济、旅游、对外开放和科技研发作用较强,人口、交通要素作用较弱。基于子系统组合分析可将省内机场归为四类,最后针对成熟度各异的省内机场空港经济发展路径进行了分类指导。     

基于DEA模型的中国城市资源环境效率评价(英文)

本研究以全国地级以上城市为实证数据,试图刻画我国城市资源-环境效率的空间差异并分析影响这一空间格局的主要因素。研究中采用数据包络分析法(DEA),对全国285个城市的资源-环境效率进行了评价。结果表明,城市平均资源-环境效率指数为0.6381,该指数的分解结果表明城市的纯技术效率指数为0.6964,低于规模效率指数0.9225。对城市资源-环境效率影响因素的回归分析结果表明,城市资源-环境效率与城市收入水平呈U形关系。经济增长可以通过三个渠道影响城市的资源-环境效率:规模效应(包括人口规模和城市化水平)、经济结构效应以及空间效应。城市资源-环境效率的提高并不是自然发生的,而需依赖于技术创新和有效管治等手段。因此各级政府、企业和组织必须实施一系列应对措施才能确保城市的高效发展。     

World cities and international organizations: Political global-city status of Chinese cities

In this study, the authors use a political perspective to explore the relative global status of cities in China. Two questions are addressed. Firstly, by using international organizations as the subjects and quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of their offices, the overall position of Chinese cities in the global distribution of international organizations is estimated. The results show that 22 Chi- nese cities are involved in international political affairs. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou dominate these activities and have high po- litical global-city status. Secondly, through qualitative analysis of Guangzhou City, the authors explore how its status as a center for intemational organizations has been shaped in recent years. The locational decision-making process is analyzed and the factors are demonstrated at both national and city scales. The definition of international organizations as used in this study refers not only to those supranational bodies that have the ability to manage relations across states （such as the European Union）, but also those in- ter-governmental organizations （IGOs）, international non-governmental organizations （INGOs） and diplomatic representatives and delegations that today also manage and regulate relations between and among states.     

江苏经济发展动态评价模型与实证分析

根据《江苏统计年鉴》(2002—2011)等统计资料,从经济、社会、科技、生态和环境5个方面建立综合评价的指标体系,利用"纵横向"拉开档次法对江苏省13个地级市从"十五"到"十一五"的发展状况进行动态综合评价与实证分析.研究结果表明：2001—2010年江苏经济社会平稳较快发展,充满活力,各评价指数稳步攀升;南京、无锡、苏州和宿迁的竞争力保持不变,常州、扬州等地竞争力缓慢加强,淮安、南通等地的竞争力缓慢衰退,镇江属于跳跃式衰退,而泰州则属于跳跃式前进.结果符合实际,模型实用可信.     

Effectiveness and synergies of policy instruments for land use governance in tropical regions

Land use is regulated through various mixes of command-and-control interventions that directly affect land use via land use restrictions, and other public interventions that indirectly affect land use via agricultural, forestry, trade or macro-economic policies. More recently, coalitions of public and private actors have designed market-based and/or demand-led policy instruments to influence land use—e.g., eco-certification, geographical indications, commodity roundtables, moratoria, and payments for environmental services. These innovative instruments fall along a continuum of state involvement and interact with traditional public forms of land use regulation, leading to “hybrid” interventions. This article reviews emerging evidence on the effectiveness of the main instruments used to promote sustainable land use, and explores interactions between the new demand-led interventions and formal regulatory public policies. Although there are still insufficient rigorous studies evaluating the effectiveness of hybrid instruments, available evidence suggests some positive direct and indirect benefits. Hybrid instruments combine elements from both private and public regulatory systems, in innovative and effective ways. We propose a typology to characterize potential interactions between instruments that regulate land use. It links various types of interactions—i.e., complementarity, substitution, and antagonism—to the various stages of regulatory processes—i.e., agenda setting, implementation, and monitoring and enforcement. We give examples of governments endorsing certifications or using certification to support their own policies; governments creating enabling conditions for hybrid instruments to mature, allowing for wider adoption; and private instruments reinforcing public regulations or substituting for missing or weak governance. In some cases, governments, NGOs and corporations compete and may hinder each other's actions. With favourable institutional and governance contexts, well-designed hybrid public-private instruments can be effective. More systematic evaluation could boost the effectiveness of instruments and enhance synergistic interaction with traditional public land-use policy instruments to achieve incremental benefits as well as longer-term transformative outcomes in land-use protection.     

Spatial differentiation of tourism impact based on the perception of residents in mountainous valley resorts

Valley economy is a type of economy that comprehensively utilizes the natural economic and social resources of the region based on environmental protection. This economy utilizes the basic role of the market in disposing resources and achieving regional development and social progress. In this paper we studied the town of Yanqi, a valley resort that has developed tourism-based valley economy for several years in the mountainous area of Beijing. This research identifies the spatial differentiation of tourism-related economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impact and level of support for tourism according to the perception and attitude of residents of Yanqi. The research area was divided into three zones （i.e., core, transition, and peripheral） according to the standard proposed by Jaakson. The residents in all three zones showed a positive attitude toward the tourism industry, and the residents in the core zone had a stronger perception toward the impact of tourism. However, several items indicated the converse. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance were used to explore the correlative factors associated with the attitudes of residents toward the tourism industry. Results indicated major differences among the three zones. Multiple factors, including natural conditions, policies, scenic spots, dependence on the tourism industry, and external investment in the three zones resulted in the spatial differentiationof the perception and attitude of residents toward the impact of tourism.     

The “Valley Economy” Model of Regional Development: A Case Study of Mountain Areas in Beijing,Northern China

A case study is presented of a regional development model for valley economies in the mountain areas of Beijing, China. The nature and framework of the valley economy model are described and the development of the model, which is specific to the mountain areas of Beijing, is analyzed. Five different valley economy models applied in the Beijing mountain areas are compared. The major purpose of the valley economy model is to develop the regional economy, including the selection of appropriate industries, the allocation of industrial space, the establishment of supply chains and the integration of various industries. Pilot experiments using the valley economy model have been conducted in seven counties（districts） in Beijing： Pinggu, Huairou, Changping, Mentougou, and Fangshan districts, and Yanqing and Miyun counties. Five models for developing the Beijing mountain areas have been explored, including： creative cultural industries, characteristic industry clusters, the promotion of large tourist areas, natural scenic tourism and folk cultural tourism. Each model has its own unique features and potential to help in the regional development of mountain areas.     

《新疆维吾尔自治区资源经济地图集》编辑特点

介绍了《新疆维吾尔自治区资源经济地图集》编制意义,较为详细地阐述了地图集中内容结构、地理底图、编图资料、编辑设计等方面的编辑特点,以及地图集编制工作中的一些体会。     

Mapping areas of potential slope failures in cohesive soils using a shadow-casting algorithm – A case study from SW Sweden

When performing landslide susceptibility mapping of rotational slides in fine grained soils, slope algorithms found in common GIS software have two major shortcomings. Firstly, these types of terrain algorithms only consider the slope angle at the surface. Secondly, the algorithm is local by its design i.e. it only considers neighbouring pixels. Due to the behaviour of a retrogressive rotational landslide, it would be more preferable to consider slope information as a predetermined cross-section angle from the base of the slope. This paper presents a new method using shadow casting algorithms for preliminary landslide susceptibility mapping in cohesive soils. A case study from western Sweden is also presented.