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31.
32.
本文根据国际地磁参考场系数,计算了中国地区1945~1990年代2~0×2~0网格地磁正常场值,并绘出了相应的正常场等值线图和等变线图,对其变化规律进行了分析. 相似文献
33.
Geodetic measurement of the local elastic response to the changing mass of water in Lago Laja, Chile
Michael Bevis Eric Kendrick Robert Smalley Jr. 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,141(2):71-78
A geodetic station (ANTC) built in bedrock in southern Chile is undergoing non-steady vertical motion within a range of nearly 50 mm. These fluctuations are dominated by the earth’s local elastic response to the changing weight of water in a reservoir located about 20 km away. There is also an annual periodic component of motion that is attributed to global and regional patterns of loading, as well as a steady tectonic signal. The local loading response constrains the average elastic structure of the area, and implies a stiffness that falls near the lower end of the range observed in rock samples. 相似文献
34.
Tunnel excavation produces stress changes to the ground and strain to the support lining, leading to the closure (convergence) or instability of the excavated area. Convergence recorded after section excavation is assigned to: (i) strain resulting from the progressive tunnel front advance (face advance effect) and (ii) the time-dependent properties of the soil material (ground creep effect). In the present study, based on the geodetic monitoring records of two recent road tunnels in Greece, a simple methodology to estimate the contribution of each of the two effects is presented. Our analysis reveals that at least half of the total deformation of the examined tunnel sections is due to ground creep, indicating that the major portion of tunnel deformation is due to the time-dependent properties of the ground; a result supported by previous studies from other tunnels as well. 相似文献
35.
Seismotectonic parameters including the Gutenberg-Richter b-value and multifractal dimensions D2 and D15 of seismicity patterns (both spatial and temporal) were compared to GPS-derived maximum shear and dilatation strains measured in the Marmara Sea region of western Turkey along the Northern Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). Comparisons of seismotectonic parameters and GPS-derived maximum shear and dilatation strain along the NAFZ in the vicinity of the 1999 M7.4 Izmit earthquake reveal a positive correlation (r = 0.5, p = 0.05) between average dilatation and the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Significant negative correlation (r = − 0.56, p = 0.03 and r = − 0.56, p = 0.02) was also observed between the spatial fractal dimension D2 and GPS-derived maximum geodetic and shear strain. This relationship suggests that, as maximum geodetic and shear strains increase, seismicity becomes increasingly clustered.Anomalous interrelationships are observed in the Marmara Sea region prior to the Izmit event along a bend in the NAFZ near the eastern end of the Marmara Sea known as the Northern Boundary Fault (NBF). An asperity is located near the northwest end of the NBF. Along the 50-km length of the NBF, GPS strains become slightly compressive. The correlation between b-value and GPS-derived dilatation suggests that regions in compression have increased probability of larger magnitude rupture. The NBF appears to serve as an impediment to the transfer of strain from east to west along the NAFZ. Recurrence times for large earthquakes along the NBF are larger than in surrounding areas. Temporal clustering of seismicity in the vicinity of the NBF may represent foreshocks of an impending rupture. 相似文献
36.
Toshio Fukushima 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,79(12):689-693
By using Halley’s third-order formula to find the root of a non-linear equation, we develop a new iterative procedure to solve an irrational form of the “latitude equation”, the equation to determine the geodetic latitude for given Cartesian coordinates. With a limit to one iteration, starting from zero height, and minimizing the number of divisions by means of the rational form representation of Halley’s formula, we obtain a new non-iterative method to transform Cartesian coordinates to geodetic ones. The new method is sufficiently precise in the sense that the maximum error of the latitude and the relative height is less than 6 micro-arcseconds for the range of height, −10 km ≤ h ≤ 30,000 km. The new method is around 50% faster than our previous method, roughly twice as fast as the well-known Bowring’s method, and much faster than the recently developed methods of Borkowski, Laskowski, Lin and Wang, Jones, Pollard, and Vermeille. 相似文献
37.
The Alban Hills, a Quaternary volcanic center lying west of the central Apennines, 15–25 km southeast of Rome, last erupted
19 ka and has produced approximately 290 km3 of eruptive deposits since the inception of volcanism at 580 ka. Earthquakes of moderate intensity have been generated there
at least since the Roman age. Modern observations show that intermittent periods of swarm activity originate primarily beneath
the youngest features, the phreatomagmatic craters on the west side of the volcano. Results from seismic tomography allow
identification of a low-velocity region, perhaps still hot or partially molten, more than 6 km beneath the youngest craters
and a high-velocity region, probably a solidified magma body, beneath the older central volcanic construct. Thirty centimeters
of uplift measured by releveling supports the contention that high levels of seismicity during the 1980s and 1990s resulted
from accumulation of magma beneath these craters. The volume of magma accumulation and the amount of maximum uplift was probably
at least 40×106 m3 and 40 cm, respectively. Comparison of newer levelings with those completed in 1891 and 1927 suggests earlier episodes of
uplift. The magma chamber beneath the western Alban Hills is probably responsible for much of the past 200 ka of eruptive
activity, is still receiving intermittent batches of magma, and is, therefore, continuing to generate modest levels of volcanic
unrest. Bending of overburden is the most likely cause of the persistent earthquakes, which generally have hypocenters above
the 6-km-deep top of the magma reservoir. In this view, the most recent uplift and seismicity are probably characteristic
and not precursors of more intense activity.
Received: 15 April 1997 / Accepted: 9 August 1997 相似文献
38.
本文对不同时期所建立的大地参考系进行了分析和比较,并预测了大地参考系的未来和发展以及如何满足许多有关学科在发展中提出的要求。对于不同的大地参考系之间的转换,本文就各种相似变换模型、多项式和逐次回归方程等模型及其精度进行了评述。 相似文献
39.
New solutions for the geodetic coordinate transformation 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
G. C. Jones 《Journal of Geodesy》2002,76(8):437-446
The Cartesian-to-geodetic-coordinate transformation is approached from a new perspective. Existence and uniqueness of geodetic
representation are presented, along with a clear geometric picture of the problem and the role of the ellipse evolute. A new
solution is found with a Newton-method iteration in the reduced latitude; this solution is proved to work for all points in
space. Care is given to error propagation when calculating the geodetic latitude and height.
Received: 9 August 2001 / Accepted: 27 March 2002
Acknowledgments. The author would like to thank the Clifford W.␣Tompson scholarship fund, Dr. Brian DeFacio, the University of Missouri College
of Arts &Sciences, and the United States Air Force. He also thanks a reviewer for suggesting and providing a prototype MATLAB
code. A MATLAB program for the iterative sequence is presented at the end of the paper (Appendix A). 相似文献
40.