数字城市地理空间框架的研究与设计

"数字城市"是城市信息化的重要组成部分,在国民经济和社会发展进程中发挥着重要作用。地理空间数据框架是构建"数字城市"的数据平台,是建设"数字城市"的必要保证。网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)是"数字城市"建造和实践的基础,文中概括了分布式技术下WebGIS的技术特点,提出基于WebGIS构建数字城市地理空间框架,较好地解决了数字城市应用系统的互操作性和分布性问题。     

宁津县国土数字档案管理信息系统的设计与实现

传统县级国土资源档案管理方式落后,条目式管理不能适应国土资源档案管理的要求,现有的地籍系统、土地利用系统和土地交易系统的数据分散于三个独立系统中,数据格式多样,给土地归档工作带来不便,需把各个部门各个系统的相关数据进行统一归档管理.本文结合宁津县国土数字档案管理信息系统的设计与实现过程,阐述了整个系统的总体设计思想,系统的功能模块划分、数据整理建库以及系统功能模块的设计实现,为县(市)级档案管理系统的建设提供了参考方案.     

汤原断陷始新统新安村组层序格架内多参数井约束岩性预测

汤原断陷构造岩性复杂,岩性分选是本区储层预测的关键。采用测井-地震多参数属性提取对密度曲线进行重构,消除井壁垮塌、裂缝等因素的影响。利用层序格架内多参数井约束反演方法,将层序格架研究与储层反演相结合,对汤原断陷新安村组SX1R单元进行岩性预测,预测成果与实际钻井资料吻合较好,符合程度达到87.63%。通过层序地层格架的井约束反演得出高分辨率反演数据体,刻划出目的层砂地比与砂岩的空间分布,揭示岩性展布规律:砂体厚度中心主要分布于控盆断裂一侧的深凹陷带,砂岩主要分布于西部斜坡、东部边缘和中央隆起带。     

国家经济地图集基础地理框架的建立

以新世纪版《中华人民共和国国家经济地图集》的编研为背景,探讨了新世纪地学研究和测绘地理信息技术条件下经济地图集基础地理框架建立的若干问题。针对地图集的多尺度、多分辨率、多时态及内容的多样性等特点,通过对比与需求分析,重点探讨了地图集的地图投影、比例尺与分幅、地图定向及地理底图的设计与应用,并最终确定了地图集基础地理框架方案。     

Ecosystem-based management institutional design: Balance between federal,state, and local governments within the Gulf of Mexico Alliance

We present a case study of the organizational framework of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA), which was implemented to promote the use of ecosystem-based management (EBM) at a regional level. GOMA is a state-led initiative formed to protect and restore coastal and marine resources of the Gulf of Mexico. Representatives of the US Gulf States, together with their federal partners, clearly defined ecological, social, and economic short- and long-term objectives to be reached through regional collaborations. The aim of this paper is to show how GOMA, and particularly the Ecosystem Integration and Assessment Priority Issue Team, in its attempt to apply ecosystem approaches to manage marine resources, modified the common organizational scheme by implementing partnerships at various governmental (federal, state, local) and nongovernmental levels. We address the following major points considered to be of importance for EBM implementation: (1) multilevel cooperation, (2) stakeholders’ involvement, (3) sharing of information, (4) bridging science and policy, and (5) consensus-based decision making.     

Assistance networks in seafood trade – A means to assess benefit distribution in small-scale fisheries

This article addresses the connections between value chain actors in the tropical-marine small-scale fisheries of Zanzibar, Tanzania, to contribute to a better understanding of the fisher-trader link and how connections in general might feed into livelihood security. A sample of 168 fishers and 130 traders was taken across 8 sites through questionnaires and observations. The small-scale fishery system is mapped using a value chain framework both traditionally and from a less economic point of view where the assistance-exchange networks between fishery actors add another layer of complexity. Auxiliary actors previously disregarded emerge from the latter method thus shedding light on the poorly understood distribution of benefits from seafood trade. Female actors participate quite differently, relative to males in the market system, detached from high-value links such as the tourist industry, and access to predetermined or secured sales deals. Data shows that the fisher-trader link is not as one-sided as previously presented. In fact it has a more symbiotic exchange deeply nested in a broader trading and social system. Expanding the analysis from this link by taking a further step downstream highlights traders’ own sales arrangements and the social pressures they are under in realizing them. A complex picture, inclusive of diversified perspectives, on interactions in the market place is presented, as well as a reflection on the remaining critical question: how to integrate this type of data into decisions about future fisheries governance.     

海岛规划管理信息系统框架设计

为有效整合和管理各类海岛规划信息资源,针对海岛数据的特点,结合海岛规划管理和业务功能的需求,提出基于B/S和C/S的混合结构来构建规划管理信息系统的思想,设计了系统的基本框架和主要功能,探讨了系统实现过程中的关键技术,为海岛规划管理信息系统研发、综合管理和信息共享提供一个有效的解决方案。     

塔里木盆地沉积剥蚀过程与油气关系

塔里木盆地典型井的周期分析表明,塔里木盆地在其地质历史时期100Ma左右的周期是很明显的,自寒武纪以来共经历了4个完整的周期,每一完整周期都由正相位和负相位两个半周期所组成。而第三纪为第5个周期的正相位阶段。该周期控制了盆地内的沉积与剥蚀的过程及成藏旋回。对沉积与剥蚀过程的控制作用表现在周期波正相位和负相位分别对应于沉积期和剥蚀期,这在地质年代序列中表现为沉积与间断的互为消长的演化进程。对食油气系统的控制作用表现在:第1个周期波构成以早古生代地层为主体的含油气系统,第2个周期波至第4个周期波构成以晚古生代至中生代地层为主体的含油气系统,第5个周期的正相位阶段构成以第三纪地层为主体的含油气系统。     

湖南省主要内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征及动力机制

湖南省内生矿产资源丰富,内生成矿事件主要有加里东期(以志留纪为主)、印支晚期(晚三叠世)、燕山中晚期(晚侏罗世-早白垩世)等3期。以区域矿产资料为基础,结合大地构造、成岩成矿年龄、矿床成因机制等研究成果,对上述3期内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征和动力机制进行探讨。①受加里东运动自东南向西北扩展以及深部岩石圈结构差异控制,加里东期湖南省自东南往西北分为成矿特征有别的3个构造带。湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)发生后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动,于局部产生与岩浆活动相关的W、萤石等成矿作用;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)东部的雪峰冲断带(Ⅱ1)形成了以构造活化成因为主的金矿和锑金矿;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)西部的武陵低缓褶皱带(Ⅱ2)及湘西北构造抬升带(Ⅲ)内形成了与寒武纪同沉积断裂活动、加里东运动后的伸展活动以及相应的热液活动有关的汞铅锌矿。②印支晚期受深部岩石圈结构差异控制,湖南省自东南至西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)因后碰撞减压熔融而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,从而于其东南部形成钨锡铅锌多金属矿床,西北部形成锑金钨多金属矿床;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)可能无内生热液成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育小型脉型铅锌矿。③燕山中晚期,湖南省自东南往西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)受岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上隆、陆内碰撞后期增温减压、俯冲板块崩塌等深部构造作用控制而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,形成了大量的有色金属矿床和金矿床;雪峰西部构造带(Ⅱ)成矿作用弱,局部存在Au、Hg成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育少量低温热液充填型萤石矿和砷矿。