中国自然灾害的区域组合规律

中国自然灾害多种多样，按直接致灾因子划分为２０个基本自然灾害类型，其中旱灾、洪灾、涝灾、地震灾、滑坡和泥石流灾为主要基本自然灾害类型。宏观地貌格局及其引起的自然环境的分异对大多数自然灾害类型的区域分异有决定性影响。自然灾害的区域组合规律反映在自然灾害地域差异上。本文根据地学区划的一般原则，以及孕灾大环境与自然灾害类型宏观区域组合，将中国划分为东部委风平原山地重度灾害大区、西北干旱高中山盆地中度灾害     

南宁、百色盆地红土风化壳的地球化学特征及其环境意义

本文以广西南宁盆地那桐风化壳，及百色盆地江泽风地壳的大量土体化学分析数据为依据，进行了第四纪红土的确认、形成、分布和土壤肥力状况．以及通过地球化学强度、硅铁系数、硅铝系数等指标进行了两风化壳的对比研究。同时，还探讨了风化壳的发育过程及其与环境的关系。     

气候变化下中国未来综合环境风险区划研究

综合环境风险区划是变化环境下开展综合防灾减灾工作的基础,对于综合风险防范措施的制定具有指导意义。以农业、生态和人群3个系统为主要受灾体,从作物产量、生态系统变迁、高温热浪对人群的影响3个方面综合评估了4种典型浓度路径（Representative Concentration Pathways）RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5情景下21世纪末期（2071~2099年）的中国综合环境风险,并以RCP8.5情景为例编制了未来综合环境风险区划。结果表明,该时期中国综合环境风险主要出现在黄淮海地区、华南部分地区和青藏高原部分地区。综合环境风险区划共分为6个一级区和43个二级区;一级区分别为西北低风险区、东北生态较低风险区、青藏高原生态中度风险区、晋陕生态-农业中度风险区、华南农业高风险区、黄淮海农业-热浪高风险区。     

Multi-objective spatially constrained clustering for regionalization with particle swarm optimization

Regionalization is an important part of the spatial analysis process, and the solution should be contiguity-constrained in each region. In general, several objectives need to be optimized in practical regionalization, such as the homogeneity of regions and the heterogeneity among regions. Therefore, multi-objective techniques are more suitable for solving regionalization problems. In this paper, we design a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving regionalization problems. Towards this goal, a novel particle representation for regionalization is proposed, which can be expressed in continuous space and has flexible constraints on the number of regions. In the process of optimization, a contiguous-region method is designed that satisfies the constraints and improves the efficiency. The decision solution is selected in the Pareto set based on a trade-off between the objective functions, and the number of regions can be automatically determined. The proposed method outperforms six regionalization algorithms in terms of both the number and the quality of the solutions.     

基于GIS的陕西省干旱灾害风险评估及区划

在分析陕西省干旱灾害气候背景和社会经济环境的基础上,结合灾害学相关理论,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性、承灾体暴露性、防灾减灾能力4个子系统选取指标,建立干旱灾害风险评估模型。依据陕西省气象、生态和社会经济数据,运用GIS空间数据分析功能将干旱的自然和社会属性统一起来进行干旱灾害风险评估及区划。结果表明：（1）致灾因子危险性等级具有自北向南递减趋势,危险性等级最高的是榆林,其次是延安、铜川、宝鸡、咸阳、杨凌区、渭南、西安、商洛、安康和汉中。（2）孕灾环境脆弱性呈自北向南依次递减的分布趋势。脆弱性由强到弱分别是榆林、延安、铜川、宝鸡、西安、渭南、咸阳、杨凌区、商洛、安康和汉中。（3）承灾体暴露性由高到低依次是榆林、关中中部、渭南、咸阳、宝鸡、铜川、商洛、安康和汉中。（4）防灾减灾能力大小依次是榆林、关中地区、延安、汉中、安康、商洛。（5）干旱灾害风险等级自北向南呈逐渐降低趋势。干旱灾害风险由高到低依次为榆林、延安、铜川、宝鸡、渭南、西安、咸阳、杨凌区、商洛、安康和汉中。     

青海东部地区雷电灾害易损性分析与区划

利用青海东部地区10个气象台站1997—2012年的年平均雷暴日数,2008—2014年闪电定位数据和1997—2014年雷电灾害资料,将雷暴日数、雷击密度、综合灾度、生命易损模数和经济易损模数作为雷电灾害易损性评估指标,采用层次分析法确定指标的权重,建立了雷电灾害易损性评估模型,依据气象灾害学分级统计法划分出雷电灾害易损性等级,形成了青海东部地区雷电灾害易损性区划图。结果表明青海东部地区雷电灾害易损性区域呈分散分布的特征,极高易损区在大通县、化隆县,次高易损区在湟中县、互助县,中易损区在省会城市西宁市、湟源县,低易损区在乐都区、平安区、民和县和循化县。     

江西武山铜矿区花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成及成因探讨

武山铜矿床是位于长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区中的一个大型铜矿床.本文对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的矿物化学、主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.结果表明,岩体中黑云母富镁,为金云母,其Fe3 /Fe2 组成表明岩浆氧逸度很高;角闪石具有Mg/(Mg Fe)高而Si低的特征,为阳起石和镁质角闪石,角闪石压力计计算表明岩体具有超浅成侵位特征.花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特征.岩石具有相对较高的SiO2(64.9%～68.62%,平均66.52%)和Al2O3(14.0%～15.3%,平均14.8%)含量,同时岩石的Mg#很高(0.53～0.71),并具有相对较高的相容元素含量;岩石富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=27.8～64.5),Eu负异常不明显,岩石同时富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有较高的Sr/Y比值(35.0～68.2).岩石的初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.7067～0.7075,εNd(t)值为-4.08～-4.44,锆石的εHf(t)值为-2.1～-7.0.详尽的元素和同位素地球化学特征表明武山花岗闪长斑岩是强烈壳幔相互作用的产物,很有可能是由拆沉的加厚下地壳发生部分熔融,并在其上升过程中与地幔橄榄石发生相互作用而形成的.     

Chemical and geological control of spring water in Eastern Guaniguanico mountain range, Pinar del Rìo, Cuba

Flows of different hierarchy, which travel through limestone, schist, sandstone and ultra-basic rocks, with ages from the Paleocene to the Jurassic, at Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del Río, Cuba, were characterized. The waters were sampled from 1984 until 2004 and the data were statistically processed by means of chemical equilibrium and physico-chemical models, under a flow system view of interpretation. Results demonstrate that the physico-chemical properties of the water are controlled by water–rock interaction resulting from residence time since rainwater infiltrate and the path it follows to the discharge zone and the type of aquifer material the different groundwater flows are in contact with. Geochemical indices allow the definition of the different types of flow (local, intermediate, regional) to be characterized, permitting a further definition of the different flow systems and rock type involved, as well as its use for water supply and medical use. The main geochemical processes which control the chemical composition acquisitions mode are: congruent dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and halite; incongruent dissolution of plagioclase and microcline minerals; pyrite oxidation, sulphate reduction, and silica dissolution at the surface or silica precipitation at deep saturation and circulation zones.     

The Network-Max-P-Regions model

This paper introduces a new p-regions model called the Network-Max-P-Regions (NMPR) model. The NMPR is a regionalization model that aims to aggregate n areas into the maximum number of regions (max-p) that satisfy a threshold constraint and to minimize the heterogeneity while taking into account the influence of a street network. The exact formulation of the NMPR is presented, and a heuristic solution is proposed to effectively compute the near-optimized partitions in several simulation datasets and a case study in Wuhan, China.