贵州天桥铅锌矿床地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对天桥铅锌矿床常量元素、稀土元素、同位素及微量元素等地球化学特征的分析,研究了天桥铅锌矿床的成矿物质流体来源及成矿过程。研究结果表明：（1）矿石、围岩等的稀土元素组成特点相似。∑REE相对较低,LREE/HREE比值较大,稀土配分曲线呈富轻稀土的右倾型曲线。Eu负异常明显,Ce具弱负异常特征。（2）矿床成矿物质流体多来源。受陆源影响较大,主要来自上地壳,且可能主要来自赋矿地层及围岩;无大洋地壳和原始地幔来源。（3）成矿作用为热液改造成矿。     

新疆东天山石炭纪火山岩及其构造意义

东天山石炭纪火山岩北至吐哈盆地南缘,向南受控于阿奇克库都克断裂,对恢复古生代期间古亚洲洋的构造演化具有重要的意义。通过岩石学、同位素年代学及地球化学研究发现:(1)东天山石炭纪火山岩是一套钙碱质玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩建造,玄武岩包括N-MORB和IAT型两种类型,指示东天山地区在石炭纪存在一个弧间盆地,其北部边界可能为东准噶尔的卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带;(2)东天山吐哈盆地南缘底坎儿组中流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄为320 ±1.2Ma(MSWD=1.3),代表了底坎儿组火山岩主体岩浆结晶时代;(3)对比东天山及邻区石炭纪火山岩地球化学,发现在SiO₂含量相近的情况下,由北向南东天山石炭纪火山岩中玄武岩的K₂O、K₂O+Na₂O、K₂O/Na₂O、LILE(Rb、Ba、Sr等)和HFSE(Nb、Ta、Th、Zr等)呈规律性增加,具有明显的成分分带,与环太平洋中-新生代岛弧和活动大陆边缘产出的火山岩的成分极性变化一致。认为东天山石炭纪火山岩成分分带可能是古亚洲洋在石炭纪向东南准噶尔-吐鲁番-哈密陆块下斜向俯冲的结果。     

P/Ca in coral skeleton as a geochemical proxy for seawater phosphorus variation in Daya Bay, northern South China Sea

The P/Ca ratio in coral skeletons is considered to be a direct proxy for the nutrient P in seawater. We examined the reliability of this proxy by analyzing P/Ca in a Porites coral collected from a eutrophic area in the northern South China Sea. P concentrations were significantly higher compared to previously reported values from pristine and open seas, corresponding to the elevated nutrients from the study site. We compared coral P/Ca against recent in-situ records of seawater P concentrations. Our results show that P/Ca was primarily a function of TP sw rather than PO₄sw, and that the signal of skeletal P included not only phosphate, but also organic phosphorus. Besides the form of skeletal P, sub-sampling and analytical procedures and the distinctive nutrient regime were the most reasonable explanations for our results. We suggest that total P in coral skeletons may be an efficient proxy for seawater P variations and associated phytoplankton dynamics in eutrophic environments.     

藏南硅质岩地质地球化学特征及其成矿效应

西藏南部地区广泛发育中，新生代硅质岩，具有层状构造、纹理状构造、块状构造和角砾状等典型古热水沉积构造，其Al／(Al Fe Mn)比值、Co／Ni比值、Fe／Ti比值、氧同位素以及TiO2-Al2O3图解等地球化学特征显示为热水成因。藏南沉积硅质岩与锑、金多金属等矿化关系密切，成矿流体和热水流体有很强的相关性。     

三江中段铜多金属矿床流体成矿作用:微量元素地球化学证据

研究区属"三江成矿带"中段,包含三个不同的地质构造单元,由西向东依次为金沙江混杂岩带、中咱地块、义敦岛弧带。本文通过对这三个构造单元中代表性铜多金属矿床中热液石英脉进行系统的采样和微量稀土元素分析,讨论了各构造单元中石英脉的微量及稀土元素地球化学特征及分布模式,在此基础上结合研究区的地质背景及演化,进一步讨论石英脉中微量元素的指示意义。结果表明:1)研究区石英脉中Cu、Zn等成矿元素与亲岩浆元素呈较好正相关,指示成矿与岩浆活动的联系,微量元素地球化学特征指示中咱地块成矿流体与岩浆活动的联系较为密切;2)中咱地块石英脉稀土元素地球化学特征与义敦岛弧带和金沙江混杂岩带成矿流体差异较大,中咱地块流体稀土元素接近于地幔的稀土组成特征,稀土元素配分曲线为近于水平的平缓曲线,稀土元素特征参数表明形成于相对还原的环境,反映出深部来源很可能是中咱地块成矿流体的主要物质来源;3)石英微量元素地球化学特征的研究为本区区域构造演化提供了佐证,金沙江混杂岩带和义敦岛弧带的成矿流体特征较为相似,而在中咱地块与扬子陆块夹持间形成的义敦岛弧带成矿流体与中咱地块存在较大的元素地球化学差异。本文通过对石英的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究为该区的区域成矿特征、热液流体成因和构造演化提供了证据,并对西南三江地区的找矿理论提出了建议。     

桐庐I型和相山S型两类碎斑熔岩对比

以浙西桐庐I型和赣东北相山S型碎斑熔岩为代表,对两类不同成因的火山-侵入杂岩进行了系统对比。桐庐I型具有相对贫SiO_2(<68％)、相对富Na_2O、贫K_2O(Na_2O/K_2O>0.78)、低的Rb/Sr(<0.9)和I_(Sr)(t)值(0.7060)以及高的ε_(Nd)(t)(>-6.0)等特征,表明源区为基性变质火成岩;相山S型含岩浆结晶的富铝矿物石榴石和红柱石,具有相对富SiO_2(2>68％)、低的Na_2O/K_2O(<0.78)、高的Rb/Sr(>0.9)和I_(Sr)(t)值(>0.7100)以及低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(<-6.0)等特怔,其源区为变质沉积岩。     

Application of singularity mapping technique to identify local anomalies using stream sediment geochemical data,a case study from Gangdese,Tibet, western China

Identifying geochemical anomalies from background is a fundamental task in exploration geochemistry. The Gangdese mineral district in western China has complex geochemical surface expression due to complex geological background and was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. The results illustrate that weak anomalies are hidden within the strong variance of background and are not well identified by means of inverse distance weighted; neither are they clearly identified by the C–A method if this method is applied to the whole study area. On the other hand, singularity values provide new information that complements use of original concentration values and can quantify the properties of enrichment and depletion caused by mineralization. In general, producing maps of singularities can help to identify relatively weak metal concentration anomalies in complex geological regions. Application of singularity mapping technique in Gangdese district shows local anomalies of Cu are not only directly associated with known deposits in the central part of the study area, but also with E–W and N–E oriented faults in the north of the study area. Both types of anomalies should be further investigated for undiscovered Cu mineral deposits.     

Geochemical hazard evaluation of sulphide-rich iron mines: The Rio Marina district (Elba Island,Italy)

Rio Marina mining district (Elba Island) is characterised by hematite + pyrite ore association and was exploited for iron till 1981, leaving waste rock dumps of several millions m³. The effect of open pit mining activity in this site is to produce acid mine drainage (AMD) processes leading to environmental pollution, testified by all the sampled waters (Giove stream, drainage channels, superficial pools and settling basin) which have pH values ranging from 2.08 to 3.35 and heavy metal concentrations that reach 903.16 mg/l for Fe, 45.02 mg/l for Mn, 10.08 mg/l for Zn and 1.75 mg/l for Cu. In the present work a space and time related approach to geochemical hazard evaluation was applied. The geochemical hazard is mainly related to high heavy metal concentration, acid mine drainage processes development and topographic setting. As all these parameters are related in space, hazard evaluation was performed by geostatistical methods. Fifty-four earth material samples (residual soils, waste rocks or debris materials) were collected in a central aligned 100 m mesh square grid. These were analysed for major elements by XRF, for Cu, Pb, Zn by ICP-AES and for AMD potential following the AMIRA procedure. The concentration of heavy metals was compared with Italian law limits. The overlap of Cu, Pb and Zn content maps show that at least one of these heavy metals exceed law limits in all the area. The AMD test results show that more than 50% of samples have a positive NAPP (Net Acid Producing Potential) that could reach 258.9 kg H₂SO₄/t. According to the obtained data, three main geochemical hazard classes were established and their distribution in the mining area was assessed. About 51% of the mining area surface belongs to the major hazard class, where AMD process occurs, about 49% belongs to an intermediate hazard class, where AMD process could occur only if certain conditions are met. Finally, the persistence of the AMD process in the Rio Marina area was evaluated on the basis of yearly rainfall, mining waters pH and NAPP values. A complete leaching of the first 0.25 m of the earth materials can retain the current environmental conditions for several centuries.     

天然富勒烯及其在P-T界线地层的研究进展

富勒烯（Fullerene）为除金刚石和石墨外碳元素的第三种同素异形体,自Kroto等1985年发现以来,对富勒烯的研究一直是世界性的热点话题,并在多个方面取得重要进展。它具有稳定的封闭笼状结构,被认为在星际空间广泛存在。富勒烯的形成条件特殊,普通的地球环境和地质过程不利于富勒烯的生成。1992年天然富勒烯在俄罗斯前寒武纪地层桑加岩（Shungite）中被发现,引起了人们对天然富勒烯研究的兴趣。随着富勒烯在陨石和撞击构造中的发现,人们更加关注事件地层中富勒烯存在的可能性以及它们的可能来源。二叠纪—三叠纪（P-T）之交发生了地质历史上规模最大的生物灭绝事件,因此,学者十分关注P-T界线地层中是否能检测到天然富勒烯的的存在。文章回顾了富勒烯在陨石、撞击构造、K-T界线地层和P T界线地层的研究进展,并重点对P-T界线富勒烯的存在问题进行讨论,指出从样品采集到样品测试,每一个环节都可能影响富勒烯的检出。P-T界线地层富勒烯可能源于陨石撞击、天然大火等极端地质事件,而包裹在富勒烯碳笼的稀有气体的同位素组成提供了进一步区分的重要证据。事件地层中普遍存在富勒烯,表明天然富勒烯可以作为地层中发生过重大灾变事件的重要的地球化学指标,而具有异常稀有气体同位素组成的富勒烯则是地外撞击事件的最直接证据。     

元素的地球化学性质与关键金属成矿:前言

正本专辑重点从元素地球化学性质入手,结合地质过程和区域地质及一些具体矿床实例的研究,探讨关键金属的成矿规律。包括22篇文章,内容涵盖钨、锡、铌、钽、钛、锑、铀、铼、硼、钼、铜等多种关键金属的成矿规律。矿床是元素异常富集的地质体,因此,元素在不同地质