区域化探成果在环境保护中的应用

进入土壤和天然水体中的有害元素,对环境质量造成影响,其影响程度在区域化探资料上有反映,可采用水系沉积物背景值、污染起始值、污染指数等参数来评价环境质量,圈出污染区和划分污染等级。据1/200 000株洲幅区域化探资料,计算Cd、W、Ag、Bi、Hg、Sn、Pb、Mo、Zn、F、Cu、U、As、Ba、Sb、Be、P、Cr等18个元素各项污染参数,圈出50多处污染区,中等污染程度达21处,以Cd、W、Ag、Bi、Hg等污染严重、污染面广、危害较大,並对潘家冲、贺家桥两个污染区的环境质量作了具体评价,指出工厂、矿山排放的“三废”为污染源,应有效地进行治理。     

香花岭—水口山多金属矿带铅同位素地球化学特征

香花岭—水口山多金属矿带积累的铅同位素数据很多,笔者将这些数据与构造、岩浆岩密切联系起来,结合锶、氧等同位素特征进行了较深入的研究与讨论,指出成矿物质是多来源的,但主要来自燕山期中酸性酸性花岗岩浆。它们均主要来源于下地壳,只不过在上寝过程中上地壳与幔源物质混入的多少不同而已。因此,据根元素在地球中的垂直分带原理,指出在以壳幔源和幔源物质占优势的成矿岩体较发育的矿带北段,应是金、银、富铜铅锌矿的远景勘查区。     

青海省同德地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

在青海省同德湿润半湿润高寒山区景观区,通过粒级为-10~+80目的 1∶5万水系沉积物测量,探讨了该区水系沉积物中15种元素的地球化学场空间分布规律、共生组合和元素富集离散特征,初步分析并阐明了元素在不同地质体的分布情况;对异常元素组合特征进行了研究,并对工区圈定的综合异常按元素进行了排序,初步了解了工区的地球化学特征,指出了测区成矿潜力大的元素为Au,Hg,As,Sb,W,Mo,Ag;其中Au,Hg潜力最大;为今后找矿工作提供了地球化学基础资料;划分了4处成矿远景区,并确定了10处找矿靶区,为下一步的地质找矿工作指明了方向。     

Degree of Geochemical Similarity (DOGS): a simple statistical method to quantify and map affinity between samples from multi-element geochemical data sets

The 42 element, 1190 sample Mobile Metal Ion subset of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia database was used to develop and illustrate the concept of Degree of Geochemical Similarity of soil samples. Element concentrations were unified to parts per million units and log(10)-transformed. The degree of similarity of pairs of samples of known provenance in the Yilgarn Craton was obtained using least-squares linear regression analysis and demonstrated that the method successfully assessed the degree of similarity of soils related to granitoid and greenstone lithologies. Exploratory Data Analysis symbol maps of all remaining samples in the database against various reference samples were used to obtain correlation maps not only for granitoid- and greenstone-related soil types but also to distinguish between, for example, samples derived from marine vs regolith carbonate. Likewise, the distribution of soil samples having a geochemical fingerprint similar to mineralised provinces (e.g. Mount Isa) can be mapped, and this can be used as a first-order prospection tool.     

Evaluation of formation water chemistry and scale prediction: Bakken Shale

Determination of in situ formation water chemistry is an essential component of reservoir management. This paper details the use of thermodynamic computer models to calculate reservoir pH and restore produced water analyses for prediction of scale formation. Bakken produced water samples were restored to formation conditions and calculations of scale formation performed. In situ pH is controlled by feldspar-clay equilibria. Calcite scale is readily formed due to changes in pH during pressure drop from in situ to surface conditions. The formation of anhydrite and halite scale, which has been observed, was predicted only for the most saline samples. In addition, the formation of anhydrite and/or halite may be related to the localized conditions of increased salinity as water is partitioned into the gas phase during production.     

烃类组分在金属矿床的成矿理论和矿产勘查研究中的应用

很多的研究证据表明烃类组分在自然界赋存空间和范围非常广泛:如地表和近地表的各类岩石和土壤,现代海底烟囱、海槽现代活动热水区和火山喷发气体,深源的基性-超基性岩和玄武岩包裹体,甚至在碳质球粒陨石中都有烃类组分的存在.因此对烃类组分的研究不应局限于石油、天然气和煤炭等能源矿床,而应该推广到各类金属矿床及其流体的研究中来.与其他气态组分如CO2、H2S、N2、H2等相比,烃类具有组分多元化和性质稳定的特点,同时烃类各组分间的相关特征和配分规律是其地质流体演化过程(氧化-还原条件、温度、压力等环境因素)中的重要参数.为直观表现烃类组分综合特征和流体混合、叠加演化过程中烃类组分细微变化,本文提出建立烃类组分标准化背景的研究思路,探索性地将具有幔源流体特征的峨眉山玄武岩作为烃类组分的标准化背景,其意义类似于选择球粒陨石作为标准化稀土元素背景的建立.通过在云南个旧和广西大厂锡多金属矿、陕西马鞍桥金矿等多个典型金属矿床上实际应用,表明该研究方法能将各类地质体烃类组分差异性和演化的规律性得到直观体现,将单纯的烃类组分宏观异常特征归纳、发展为对烃类组分的叠加改造、配分模式以及相关特征的微观规律研究,将过去烃类组分仅作为有机质参与金属成矿的表征现象,发展成为能应用于成矿物质来源、成矿流体演化及成矿作用和规律研究的工具和手段.     

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区环境地球化学与地方病

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区地方性群发性骨骼生育疾病严重影响区域居民健康和经济社会发展。中国地质调查局在雅鲁藏布江大峡谷腹地部署了波密幅墨脱县幅区域地球化学调查．成果表明．大峡谷地区环境地球化学特征是生命元素Fe、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Co、Zn偏低，Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Ni明显偏低，毒性元素Ba、Be、Sr、Li偏高，U、Th明显偏高．P／F、Sr／Ca、Ba／Ca比例失调。地方病的发生与环境地球化学质量低下有密切关系。大峡谷地区板块运动造成的大规模物质交换和特殊的地球化学景观是环境地球化学质量低下和地方病产生的深层次原因。     

Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs

Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca–HCO₃ (six), Na–Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca–HCO₃ spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na–Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4–53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data—chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (³H), helium-3 (³He_trit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆)—for four Ca–HCO₃ spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na–Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge.The online version of the original article can be found at     

藏南硅质岩地质地球化学特征及其成矿效应

西藏南部地区广泛发育中，新生代硅质岩，具有层状构造、纹理状构造、块状构造和角砾状等典型古热水沉积构造，其Al／(Al Fe Mn)比值、Co／Ni比值、Fe／Ti比值、氧同位素以及TiO2-Al2O3图解等地球化学特征显示为热水成因。藏南沉积硅质岩与锑、金多金属等矿化关系密切，成矿流体和热水流体有很强的相关性。     

元素的地球化学性质与关键金属成矿:前言

正本专辑重点从元素地球化学性质入手,结合地质过程和区域地质及一些具体矿床实例的研究,探讨关键金属的成矿规律。包括22篇文章,内容涵盖钨、锡、铌、钽、钛、锑、铀、铼、硼、钼、铜等多种关键金属的成矿规律。矿床是元素异常富集的地质体,因此,元素在不同地质