论铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)矿床地球化学岩相学填图新技术研发

在铁质苦橄岩—铁质安山岩、钛铁辉长岩—钛铁质闪长岩和二长岩—二长斑岩岩体附近,同岩浆侵入期脆韧性剪切带中构造岩相和热液角砾岩相,它们是铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)矿床含矿岩相学类型。总体垂向蚀变分带为:上部为粘土化—绢云母化—赤铁矿蚀变带,中部钾质蚀变相带(电气石—铁质)+热液角砾岩化相带,下部钠质蚀变相(铁质)—热液角砾岩化带。围绕二长斑岩—二长闪长岩舌状侵入体形成电气石蚀变岩相带,属于汽成热液蚀变中心。大型—超大型IOCG矿床具有多期蚀变相系叠加特征,不同成因的热液角砾岩化相带发育、异时同位多期蚀变岩相叠加和汽成热液蚀变相发育等是寻找大型—超大型IOCG矿床标志。     

热带雨林有色金属矿产地球化学勘查方法探索

为探索热带雨林条件下有效矿产地球化学勘查方法,在西定金矿开展100km2的采样密度、采样层位(土壤)、采样介质、样品加工粒度、分析方法及土壤地球化学剖面等项试验工作,研究矿体与非矿体上部土壤中地球化学元素的分布特征,为今后在热带雨林地区开展有色金属矿产勘查提供依据。     

History and Progress of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project,2001-2010

In 2007,the U.S.Geological Survey,the Geological Survey of Canada,and the Mexican Geological Survey initiated a low-density(1 site per 1600 km2,13323 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of North American soils(North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project).Sampling and analytical protocols were developed at a series of workshops in 2003-2004 and pilot studies were conducted from 2004-2007.The ideal sampling protocol at each site includes a sample from 0-5 cm depth,a composite of the soil A horizon,and a sample from the soil C horizon.The <2-mm fraction of each sample is analyzed for Al,Ca,Fe,K,Mg,Na,S,Ti,Ag,Ba,Be,Bi,Cd,Ce,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Ga,In,La,Li,Mn,Mo,Nb,Ni,P,Pb,Rb,Sb,Sc,Sn,Sr,Te,Th,Tl,U,V,W,Y,and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl,HNO3,HClO4,and HF.Separate methods are used for As,Hg,Se,and total C on this same size fraction.The major mineralogical components are determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method.Sampling in the conterminous U.S.was completed in 2010(c.4800 sites) with chemical and mineralogical analysis currently underway.In Mexico,approximately 66% of the sampling(871 sites) had been done by the end of 2010 with completion expected in 2012.After completing sampling in the Maritime provinces and portions of other provinces(472 sites,7.6% of the total),Canada withdrew from the project in 2010.Preliminary results for a swath from the central U.S.to Florida clearly show the effects of soil parent material and climate on the chemical and mineralogical composition of soils.A sample archive will be established and made available for future investigations.     

西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩形成构造环境的地球化学鉴别

本文对西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区夏鲁蛇绿岩中的基性岩石进行了元素地球化学研究。岩石为低钾亚碱性玄武质岩石,具有低TiO2(0.64%～1.5%)、低K2O(<0.69%)、富Na2O(2.5%～6.0%)、烧失量普遍较高(2.0%～7.5%)的特征,表明样品普遍遭受蚀变。岩石具有与N-MORB类似的稀土元素和总体一致的微量元素特征,但是岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素和亏损高场强元素,显示了洋脊玄武岩向着岛弧岩浆作用的过渡趋势。日喀则蛇绿岩不是典型的洋中脊成因,应为SSZ型蛇绿岩,可能形成于与洋内俯冲有关的SSZ型的弧后或者弧前盆地中。对东西延伸超过1500km的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩246套基性岩石形成的构造环境进行的地球化学判别,表明至少存在大陆岛弧型、地幔柱-洋内热点型、洋中脊-大洋岛弧型和典型大洋岛弧型等四种类型洋壳,揭示了特提斯洋存在多种构造环境的特征,有利于恢复和还原一个长期演化的、丰富的特提斯洋。     

我国气象因素与心脑血管疾病研究现状

为了给政府机构制定预防心脑血管疾病的卫生政策以及应用气象因素对心脑血管疾病的发病进行预测预报提供依据，综述了1998年至今的国内有关研究，介绍了我国不同地区温度、相对湿度、气压、风速等气象因素对心脑血管疾病发生和死亡的影响及其机制，并对目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的方向进行了讨论。     

Millennial- to centennial-scale climate periodicities and forcing mechanisms in the westernmost Mediterranean for the past 20,000 yr

Cyclostratigraphic analysis conducted on a continuous high-resolution marine record from the western most Mediterranean reveals well-identified paleoclimate cycles for the last 20,000 yr. The detrital proxies used (Si/Al, Ti/Al, Zr/Al, Mg/Al, K/Al, Rb/Al) are related to different sediment-transport mechanisms, including eolian dust and fluvial runoff, which involve fluctuations in the atmosphere–hydrosphere systems. These fluctuations are accompanied by changes in marine productivity (supported by Ba/Al) and bottom-water redox conditions (Cu/Al, V/Al, Zn/Al, Fe/Al, Mn/Al, U/Th). Spectral analysis conducted using the Lomb–Scargle periodogram and the achieved significance level implemented with the permutation test allowed us to establish major periodicities at 1300, 1515, 2000, and 5000 yr, and secondary peaks at 650, 1087, and 3000 yr. Some of these cycles also agree with those previously described in the North Atlantic Ocean and circum-Mediterranean records. The periodicities obtained at 2000 and 5000 yr support a global connection with records distributed at high, mid, and low latitudes associated with solar activity, monsoonal regime and orbital forcing. The 1300- and 1515-yr cycles appear to be linked with North Atlantic climate variability and the African monsoon system. Thus, the analyzed record provides evidence of climate cycles and plausible forcing mechanisms coupled with ocean–atmosphere fluctuations.     

内蒙温根南基性-超基性岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其形成构造背景

内蒙古温根南岩体位于内蒙古中部,属于华北克拉通北缘中段,主要火成岩组合为纯橄岩-橄长岩-辉长岩,平面上呈NNE向延伸。元素地球化学分析结果显示,岩体富Mg、低碱和Ti O2,全岩氧化物含量主要受控于橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石的相对分配比例,微量元素含量总体较低,具Nb、Ta和Hf轻微亏损,Pb、Sr显著富集的特征。其中辉长岩表现出显著的Nb、Ta负异常和Pb、Sr正异常。辉长岩微量元素相对纯橄岩和橄长岩明显富集。辉长岩相-纯橄岩相中总稀土含量变化较大(1.41×10-6~111.6×10-6),稀土元素配分曲线表现为轻微右倾型与平坦型,岩体深部超基性岩类总稀土含量极低,随着其结晶分异程度的增大和堆晶作用的加强,岩石中稀土元素含量迅速升高,反映晶间残余熔体的比重不断升高。运用橄榄石与残余熔浆平衡方法制约母岩浆性质,结果表明温根南岩体初始岩浆MgO=11.73%,FeO=11.38%,属于高镁玄武质岩浆。温根南岩体基性-超基性岩中Sr-Nd同位素投点主要靠近EM I型富集地幔端元,推测幔源岩浆在源区或上升过程中受到了地壳物质的混染。运用Zr、Y、Th、Ta等不相容元素的比值(判别岩浆演化过程,基于Th/Nb比值(1)和低Nb/La比值(1)表明温根南岩体初始岩浆侵位过程中遭受到了地壳物质的混染。温根南岩体Ta/Th-Zr/Nb、Th/Yb-Th/Nb、Ta/Th-Th/Yb、Nb/Th-Nb构造环境判别图中主要落入板内玄武岩(WPB)范围,推测温根南基性-超基性岩体在早石炭纪形成于板内伸展构造环境。     

贵州东部镇远金堡铅锌矿床地球化学特征研究

对贵州黔东镇远金堡铅锌矿床碳—氧、硫同位素及流体包裹体温度、盐度地球化学特征研究,方解石和白云石碳同位素在-5.7‰-6.9‰,落在典型的火成碳酸岩区域(-5‰-7‰);氧同位素在11.2‰12.2‰之间,略高于火成碳酸岩。闪锌矿硫同位素分布集中,在11.5‰14.2‰之间,结合该区域的碳同位素,暗示成矿物质来自于深部地幔或岩浆作用。流体包裹体均一温度在106 238℃之间,冰点温度在-1.8-24℃之间,对应的盐度为2.926.1 wt%NaCl eq.,判断该矿床成矿流体属中低温、中高盐度的成矿流体。从闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度-盐度变化趋势分析,成矿温度及盐度范围变化较大,成矿流体经历了不混溶过程,可能是岩浆热液在降温减压的过程中发生不混溶现象而形成的。结合区域地质条件及矿床地质特征分析研究,认为镇远金堡铅锌矿床成矿热液来源及其可能与岩浆热液有关。     

吐哈盆地下侏罗统八道湾组页岩气成藏条件分析

吐哈盆地下侏罗统八道湾组是该盆地重要的煤炭资源产出的层位。该时期内不仅煤层发育,泥/页岩、碳质泥岩以及暗色泥岩等有利于页岩气生成的岩性也大面积发育。八道湾组泥页岩发育,最大厚度达到200m,泥岩的有机碳含量均值达到了1.85%,干酪根类型以Ⅲ型为主,有机质成熟度已经达到了大量生气的阶段,岩石的石英含量较高,有利于后期开发的实施。按照各项条件的约束,圈定托克逊、吐鲁番、七泉湖一带为煤系页岩气远景区。为本区内页岩气的进一步勘探开发提供基础资料和科学依据。     

Gold enrichment characteristics and exploration prospects in Zambia: Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical mapping

The 1∶1000000 geochemical mapping of Zambia provides catchment sediment geochemical data for 58elements including Au from 746 sediment samples at 736 sampling sites,corresponding to a sampling density of about one site per 1000 km2.Under strict quality control using field duplicates,certified reference materials,and analytical replicate samples,the Au was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).The detection limit of Au was 0.20×10^-9.The 95%range(2.5%–97.5%)of Au concentrations was from 0.24×10^-9 to 1.36×10^-9,and the median value was 0.40×10^-9.The most noticeable Au distribution patterns shown on the map are mainly located between Lusaka and Ndola(Lufilian Arc Belt).In addition,several high Au value areas occurred in Mansa,Muyombe,Chipata,and Livingstone.The spatial distribution patterns of Au in tectonic units,drainage basins,and geomorphological landscapes could be related to the Lufilian Arc Belt and Bangweulu Block.The Au concentrations show metallogenic belts between Muyombe and Mbala areas,between Mansa and Ndola areas,and between Lusaka and Kasempa areas.