烃源岩评价分析项目的优化组合

在我国石油天然气行业中,对烃源岩评价的实验分析技术已形成一套比较成熟的方法,其中大部分已制订成国家标准或行业标准。但是在实际过程中,或者是全面测试,以致浪费大、收益小,或者是为过度节约而少测样品,造成信息严重丢失。为了分析测试能既节约成本又成果优秀,对各分析项目依据其有效性和局限性,分为基本项目、选择项目和补充项目三大类。针对不同的研究目的,分别提出了烃源岩样品快速筛选分析、烃源岩系统评价分析、下古生界海相烃源岩研究分析等相关实验测试分析项目的优化组合设计方案。     

Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in hydrothermally altered rocks of the Kuroko mining area,Japan

In this study we analyzed the chemical composition of hydrothermally altered dacite and basalt from the Kuroko mining area, northeastern Honshu, Japan, by REE (rare earth element). Features of rare earth element analyses include: (1) altered footwall dacite exhibits a negative Eu anomaly compared with fresh dacite, suggesting preferential removal of Eu²⁺ from the altered dacite via hydrothermal solutions, (2) altered hangingwall dacite and basalt and dacite and basalt adjacent to ore deposits exhibit positive Eu anomalies compared with fresh dacite and basalt, suggesting addition of Eu²⁺ from hydrothermal solutions, (3) LREE ratio (∑LREE/∑REE) from altered dacite of chlorite–sericite zone and K-feldspar zone show a negative relationship with δ¹⁸O, and La/Sm ratios show a positive correlation with the K₂O index. These trends indicate the addition of light rare earth elements such as La to the altered dacite from hydrothermal solution and/or leaching of heavy rare earth elements such as Sm and Yb, (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that light rare earth elements enrichment is related to the formation of sericite zone near the Kuroko deposits but not to the formations of chlorite and K-feldspar zones, and (5) The correlations among REE features (LREE ratio, MREE ratio, HREE ratio, Eu/Eu?), δ¹⁸O and K₂O index are not found for montmorillonite zone, mixed layer clay mineral zone and mordenite zone. Therefore, it is inferred that sericite, chlorite and K-feldspar alterations are related to the Kuroko and vein-type mineralization, but montmorillonite and mordenite alterations are not related to the mineralizations, and probably they formed at the post-mineralization stage.     

Identification of the origin of salinization in groundwater using multivariate statistical analysis and geochemical modeling: a case study of Kaohsiung,Southwest Taiwan

The study of brine aquifers in southern Taiwan is highly complicated by hybrid geochemical reactions, which obscure important geochemical information. Using multivariate analysis on major and minor ion compositions normalized by Cl⁻ content, chemical constituents were combined into two principal components representing brine mixing and mineral precipitation. Comparing to multivariate analysis on the original data, this procedure reveals more geochemical information. It demonstrates that the brine groundwater of the region is primarily composed of highly evaporated seawater. The evaporation ratio is >70%; a point at which calcite, dolomite and gypsum precipitate. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions confirm this inference; and further, geochemical modeling quantitatively determined the evaporation ratio to be about 85%. Natural boron contamination is a consequence of brine groundwater. Two evolutionary trends in the plotting of the Cl/B ratio versus Cl⁻ can be identified: (1) Cl/B ratio decreases with boron being released from clay minerals when brine aquifers are flushed with freshwater; and (2) Cl/B ratio increases when seawater of a high Cl/B ratio infiltrates coastal aquifers.     

泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性研究(一)

运用１个样／１ｋｍ２、１个组合样／４ｋｍ２，１个样／（１００～１０００）ｋｍ２、１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度系统研究了泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性。通过对Ｓｂ、Ａｓ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ、Ｎａ２Ｏ元素的地球化学分布模式，Ｗ的地球化学特征在不同采样密度间的信息传递，证明了用１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度，采集的泛滥平原沉积物具有代表性     

福建梅仙丁家山铅锌（银）矿床磁异常特征及其找矿意义

着重论述了丁家山铅锌（银）矿床的地质地球物理特征，磁法找矿的特殊作用，总结了建筑梅仙式矿床的物化探异常标导。     

放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床汞的地球化学异常特征

放牛沟矿床中的矿物、岩石及矿石含汞量的差异说明汞的次生地球化学异常来自矿体,特别是PbZn矿体。壤中气汞(Hg°)、土壤吸附汞(△Hg)及全汞(THg)异常套合出现是PbZn矿体的可靠标志。全汞异常能反映浅部矿体;吸附汞和壤中气汞异常不但反映浅部矿体,还能指示盲矿体及含矿断裂。根据汞的地球化学异常特征的研究,结合地质、土壤和岩石地球化学勘查结果,提出了两处找矿有希望地段。     

茫崖和共和地震与断层气动态异常

观测断层气体的动态,研究它的异常变化与地震的相关性,是一种新的短临预报方法。1990年青海茫崖6.7级地震、共和6.9级地震前,断层气Rn、Hg的异常变化特点是临震突变幅度大、异常反应范围广。     

海原活动断裂流体地球化学场初探

沿海原断裂带,地下水离子含量由东向西逐渐递增。同一水文地质条件下,地震中活动性强,错动大的地段上离子含量明显较高。断裂带上覆盖层中气体组分的分布具有规律性,由断层向两侧,一些元素含量由高变低,在断层附近形成高值异常带,但峰值点不完全与地表断层位置重合,拉张区的氡、汞、氢均有较大幅度异常,压扭区中地震错动最大地段,汞、氢异常最大,灵武5.3级地震前后,氢值有显著变化     

根际环境重金属地球化学行为及其生物有效性研究进展

根际是土壤或滨岸沉积物中受植物根系及其生长活动影响的微域环境 ,具有特殊的物理、化学和生物性质 ,影响了重金属在根际环境中的分布、累积和生物有效性。从重金属在根际环境的分布与累积、地球化学赋存形态、生物有效性以及影响重金属根际行为和生物有效性的主要因素(温度、Eh和溶解氧、p H、根系分泌物、微生物 )、重金属根际吸收、富集、排斥和固定过程的调控、重金属耐性植物的筛选和培养 6个方面概述了近 1 0年来国内外在根际环境重金属地球化学行为及其生物有效性方面的主要研究进展 ,并指出了其存在问题以及今后的努力方向。