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71.
K. Garofalo F. Tassi O. Vaselli A. Delgado-Huertas D. Tedesco M. Frische T. H. Hansteen R. J. Poreda W. Strauch 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(7):785-795
Mombacho is a deeply dissected volcano belonging to the Quaternary volcanic chain of Nicaragua. The southern, historic collapse
crater (El Crater) currently hosts a fumarolic field with a maximum temperature of 121°C. Chemical and isotopic data from
five gas-sampling field campaigns carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2005 highlight the presence of high-temperature gas components
(e.g. SO2, HCl and HF), which indicate a significant contribution of juvenile magmatic fluids to the hydrothermal system feeding the
gas discharges. This is strongly supported by the mantle-derived helium and carbon isotopic signatures, although the latter
is partly masked by either a sedimentary subduction-related or a shallow carbonate component. The observed chemical and isotopic
composition of the Mombacho fluids seems to indicate that this volcanic system, although it has not experienced eruptive events
during the last centuries, can be considered active and possibly dangerous, in agreement with the geophysical data recorded
in the region. Systematic geochemical monitoring of the fumarolic gas discharges, coupled with a seismic and ground deformation
network, is highly recommended in order to monitor a possible new eruptive phase. 相似文献
72.
73.
灌浆自动记录仪可以准确记录灌浆全过程灌浆参数,保证灌浆原始记录资料的稳定、可靠和真实,为合理控制施工过程和正确分析判断注浆效果提供可靠的依据,使灌浆质量得以提高。 相似文献
74.
75.
采自柞水银铅矿地表径流6个沉积物样品,用连续提取法提取了金属元素的5种化学相态(可交换相、碳酸盐相,铁锰氧化物结合相,有机质-硫化物结合相及残渣相),测定了各相中铜铅锌含量,分析了其分布特征。结果表明,在河流沉积物中,铜主要以残渣相和有机质相存在,铅、锌主要为铁锰水合氧化物相和碳酸盐相。在此基础上,对矿山开采中环境影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
76.
Chemical data are used to clarify the hydrogeological regime in the Mafraq area in northern Jordan, as well as to determine
the status of water quality in the area. Groundwater from the shallow aquifer in the Mafraq area can be divided into two major
groups according to geographical locations and chemical compositions. Water in the basaltic eastern part of the study area
is characterized by the dominance of chloride, sulfate, sodium, and potassium, whereas waters in the limestone aquifers in
the west are dominated by the same cations but have higher concentrations of bicarbonate. Stable isotopes show that the shallow
aquifers contain a single water type which originated in a distinct climatic regime. This water type deviates from the Global
Meteoric Water Line (MWL), as well as from the eastern Mediterranean meteoric water line. The waters are poor in tritium,
and thus can be considered generally older than 50 years. Chemical mass balance models suggest that water is moving from the
west towards the north of the study area. This suggests that waters from the different basins are separated from each other.
Degradation of water quality can be attributed to agricultural fertilizers in most cases, although the waste-water treatment
plant at Khirbet es Samra is a contributor to pollution in the southwestern part of the study area.
Received: 20 August 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998 相似文献
77.
地壳全元素探测——构建“化学地球” 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
地壳物质探测是地壳探测工程的重要组成部分。化学元素是地球物质组成的最基本单位,被称为地球的基因。矿产资源是由化学元素组成的,环境是受化学元素行为制约的,因此,对地壳中所有元素精确含量和分布的探测,对解决人类所面临的资源和环境问题具有重大意义。地壳全元素探测项目拟发展4种地球化学探测技术,包括地壳中所有天然元素的精确分析技术,中下地壳物质成分识别技术,穿透性地球化学探测技术,海量地球化学数据和图形显示技术。建立1个覆盖全国的地球化学基准网,系统采集代表性岩石样品10000件,疏松物样品6000件,按标准化的方法分析其主量元素和微量元素含量(包含78种元素),建立中国大陆地球化学基准值,为研究化学元素的分布、演化和成矿物质背景提供基准参考数据。进行总长度3300km的3条地球化学走廊带的实验与示范,采集各类代表性岩石样品5000件,进行元素和同位素测定,构建走廊带地壳地球化学模型、跨越不同大地构造单元的元素空间变化和大型矿集区成矿物质背景。为开展全国地壳探测工程奠定基础,并为最终建立"化学地球"进行技术准备和先导性实验。 相似文献
78.
79.
A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area. 相似文献
80.
笔者回顾了近年来中国化探的一些理论与方法技术上的重大新进展,立足于地球化学填图基础上的矿集区、多元素异常集结区与地球化学块体理论,利用地球化学资料进行矿产资源潜力评价与稀有分散元素独立成矿的可能性评价,利用地球化学资料进行成矿岩体演化与中国西南大地幔柱的初步研究,这些探索性的研究均取得了令人鼓舞的成就。化探方法技术的应用成果显著,如地球化学填图与矿产勘查一体化,多元素分析与分析质量监控方法不断完善外来物覆盖浅钻取样,深穿透地球化学方法,全国生态、农业、环境地球化学调查,全球地球化学填图方法研究等。在回顾近年化探成果的基础上,提出中国化探在21世纪的发展,整体思路是立足于地球化学填图及地球化学填图与矿产勘查一体化。需要有将研究、填图、调查、勘查、工程一体化的大科学计划。提出了涉及地球化学填图、矿产勘查与综合利用、能源勘查、生态环境调查、全球变化研究等的12个重点发展方向。 相似文献