药材矿物学的探讨

本文提出的药材矿物学是矿物学研究领域中正在形成的分支。其研究对象包括由矿物组成的和或多或少含有矿物成分的中药材。其主要研究内容是以矿物学理论和方法对作为药材的矿物的成分和特性进行研究,并向中药学和中医学渗透,从而探索和讨论矿物药材与其药理疗效之间的关系。     

An integrative physical,mineralogical and ichnological approach to characterize underfilled lake-basins

Lakes are particularly sensitive to environmental fluctuations, which are recorded in their facies and stratigraphy. Ephemeral lakes reveal their sensitivity to palaeoenvironmental changes in the overprinting of the sedimentary features in every single bed. Tetrapod-track taphonomic-modes and ichnological taphonomic-pathways can be used as sensitive indicators of environmental conditions of the track-bearing beds during deposition and imprinting. The Middle Triassic Cerro de las Cabras succession (Cuyana Basin, Argentina) provides an excellent opportunity to these environmental indicators in an underfilled palaeolake. A model of ichnological preservation for underfilled lake systems is proposed and the role of the ichnology record in the sequence stratigraphy analysis is evaluated, based on the integration of tetrapod-track modes, taphonomic-pathways of playa-lake ichnofauna, mineralogy and physical data. Soft-ground suites include those dominated by invertebrate grazing traces and arthropod locomotion traces (Suite 1), and those overprinted by horizontal-vertical dwelling burrows with tetrapod tracks preserved in taphonomic modes B and C (Suite 2). The firm-ground suite (Suite 3) comprises tetrapod-tracks with the best preservation styles (modes A and B) along less abundant invertebrate dwelling and feeding traces as found in Suite 2. Clay mineralogy (dominated by illite with subordinate smectite) suggests low plasticity of the layers, in agreement with low-relief deformation structures observed in tetrapod-track taphonomic-modes. The well-preserved track tetrapod features documented in the Cerro de las Cabras succession, together with the absence of pedogenic disturbance, trampling obliterating the footprints, and/or evidence of strong disturbance by wind, desiccation and/or precipitation, supports short periods of exposure of the imprinted surface particular to this succession. An integrated multiproxy approach is proposed to evaluate the evolutionary interpretation and identification of autogenic versus allogenic controls in underfilled lake-basin histories. The observed aggradational-trend suggests an equilibrium between rates of accommodation change and sediment supply, and that the basin-centre did not experience prolonged sediment-starved conditions.     

从汶川地震探讨隐爆与成矿过程

关于地震的成因机制目前还存在很大争议,2008年汶川大地震后的探槽、钻探和测井及地球物理勘探资料研究表明,汶川地震是一个从西南往东北方向渐进的隐爆过程。通过进一步对比国外地震的研究结果推测,地震的隐爆动力机制包含两个方面,其一是地下流体相变膨胀爆炸,其二是地下深处的累积负电荷放电（地下雷电）。然后通过对比斑岩矿床的成矿机制说明地震是一个压力温度释放过程,可以满足斑岩型矿床成矿的压力、温度、酸碱度等变化要素。本次地震富集了磷、硫、铁、锰等元素。这说明地震是一种由断裂运动激发引起的地下隐爆和成矿过程。

     

多期活动古隆起复合叠加过程解析——以塔里木盆地轮南古隆起为例

中国含油气盆地以叠合盆地为主,经历多期次构造运动,造成盆地内部多期古隆起的复合叠加;目前对于多期活动古隆起复合叠加过程的解析研究较为薄弱。本文以塔里木盆地轮南古隆起为例,利用最新的三维地震数据和钻井资料,应用构造解析和古构造复原的方法,明确轮南古隆起经历寒武纪-早中奥陶世前古隆起、晚奥陶世古隆起形成、晚泥盆-早石炭世叠加改造、晚二叠世-三叠纪古隆起定型、侏罗纪-古近纪古隆起埋藏和新近纪以来构造掀斜6个演化阶段;揭示现今以寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩为主体的前中生界隆起是由位于研究区西北侧北东向展布的晚奥陶世古隆起、研究区中部北北东向展布的晚泥盆-早石炭世古隆起和研究区北侧近东西向展布的晚二叠世-三叠纪古隆起三者复合叠加而成;不同时期古隆起成因机制有差异,但都与盆地周缘洋盆闭合、造山作用关系密切。     

库车前陆盆地古近系蒸发岩岩石学、矿物学与成钾环境分析

库车盆地内古近系—新近系发育巨厚的蒸发岩沉积, 尤其是盆地的中部和西部盐层发育好, 厚度大, 局部盐层己暴露地表, 是找寻各种盐类矿床及钾盐的有利地区。DZK01孔是近年来在库车盆地实施的一口以找钾为目的的科研探井。本文主要通过对钻孔古近系蒸发岩岩芯样品进行岩石学及矿物学特征研究, 进而对盆地成钾环境进行分析。DZK01孔古近系蒸发岩以含泥砾石盐岩为主, 含泥砾石盐岩为构造成因, 是古盐湖高度浓缩的产物。盆地古近系蒸发岩以沉积石盐为主, 钻孔中含钾矿物为钾石膏, 钾石盐和光卤石, 同时含钾矿物的发现证明了库车盆地古盐湖可能达到钾盐析出阶段。通过样品分析可知, 库车盆地古近纪时期古盐湖沉积环境为封闭的浅湖沉积环境, 盐湖发育过程中有五次较大规模的淡化事件, 盐类物质得到很好的聚集, 具有良好的成钾环境。     

晋中冀西太原组中段火山事件层岩矿地化特征及其意义

在岩矿鉴定的基础上,对晋中冀西太原组中段普遍发育的一层火山事件层做了岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素分析。岩石化学、REE配分模式、REE七组分图解、微量元素蛛网图极好的共性特征及微量元素幂函数定律的应用,证明该火山事件层是同源同期岛弧型钙碱性火山喷发产物,并以该火山事件层作为标志层对晋中冀西太原组地层进行了大区域对比。     

西南印度洋中脊49.6°E和50.5°E区玄武岩岩石学及元素地球化学特征

对近年来我国"大洋一号"科考船在西南印度洋中脊(SWIR)多金属硫化物调查区4个站位所获得的玄武岩进行了岩石学及元素地球化学研究。其岩相学特征为以斑状结构为主,斑晶矿物主要由斜长石、辉石和橄榄石组成。基质以间隐结构为主,主要由斜长石、橄榄石和辉石微晶组成。全岩元素地球化学分析结果表明样品属于亏损型洋中脊玄武岩。矿物化学成分表明斜长石主要为倍长石和拉长石,橄榄石为贵橄榄石。研究区玄武岩具低的Na8、K/Ti比值和LREE/HREE以及较高的Fe8值,可整体归入SWIR 49°E-70°E区指示岩浆熔融程度最高、熔融深度最深的区域内。本次研究为探索SWIR洋脊玄武岩和岩浆熔融等相关研究提供了49.6°E和50.5°E区的新资料,也指示了区内岩浆活动或成矿围岩物质来源的复杂性。     

Optimal design of soil dynamic compaction using genetic algorithm and fuzzy system

Computational intelligent techniques, such as fuzzy and genetic algorithm, have proven to be useful in modeling of complex nonlinear phenomena such as dynamic compaction. Dynamic compaction method is used to improve the mechanical behavior of underlying soil layers especially loose granular materials. The method involves the repeated impart of high-energy impacts to the soil surface using steel or concrete tampers with weights ranging 10–40 ton and with drop heights ranging 10–40 m. A relatively exact estimation of dynamic compaction level is of major concern to geotechnical engineers. This paper develops a fuzzy set base method for the analysis of dynamic compaction phenomenon. In this model, the input variables are tamper weight, height of tamper drop, print spacing, tamper radius, number of impact and soil layer geotechnical properties. The main shortcoming of this technique is uncertainty to locate the best sketch of dynamic compaction to gain maximum effect of this method of soil improvement. Therefore, this paper describes the incorporation of genetic algorithm methodology using fuzzy system for determining the optimum design of dynamic compaction. Subsequently, it will be shown that the genetic algorithm has some abilities in the optimization of dynamic compaction design. Also different manners of this algorithm are compared and then the optimized structure of genetic algorithm will be suggested for dynamic compaction.     

3种典型富锰沉积物的形貌学与矿物学特征

本文采集了3种典型的富锰沉积物样品,即岩石漆、树枝晶与土壤铁锰胶膜,并制作了相应的纵切片。运用光学显微镜、原位微区拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜、EDX能谱仪分别对其形貌学与矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明岩石漆呈黑色致密层状、葡萄状,主要由水钠锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、粘土矿物等组成,是一种高度混杂的沉积物。宏观上岩石漆与基岩有截然的接触面,发育有微层理结构,在微观上的表现即锰含量的周期性波动。树枝晶呈黑色分枝状,主要由锰钡矿组成,极端富锰而贫硅铝,与基质呈交织结构。土壤铁锰胶膜呈黑色粘稠层状,由水钠锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、钛铁矿、粘土矿物等组成,可细分为外层黑褐色的富锰条带和内层黄棕色的富铁条带。这3种富锰沉积物的形貌学和元素分布特征与各自的成因机制密切相关。     

A time-minimizing hybrid method for fitting complex Mössbauer spectra

The present study includes results of the application of a program consisting of a genetic algorithm routine and a conventional refinement part (“hybrid method”) for the evaluation of Mössbauer spectra published elsewhere. It is shown that the saving of total evaluation time compared with conventional refinement routines is very high due to the rapid finding of adequate starting parameters. Contrary to a recently published work on a similar topic our algorithm provides solutions of the combined interaction Hamiltonian with a minimum of conventional input data.