Molecular identification of bloom-forming species Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyta)and its dispersal based on rDNA ITS sequence analysis

Abstract-The colony-forming Phaeocystis species are causative agents of dense bloom occurrences incoastal waters worldwide. It is difficult to separate them because of the different morphologies associatedwith their colonial stages. In this study we applied molecular approaches to analyze the genetic variationof Phaeocystis globosa and Phaeocystis pouchetii from several geogrtaphic regions, and to assist in tracingthe dispersal of bloom-forming Phaeocystis species in coastal waters of China. The Sequences of the inter-nal transcribed sacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene of Phaeocystisstrains were determined. Sequence comparison shows that P.globosa was the most divergent toP. pouchetii, exhibiting sequence divergence higher than 0.08. However, lower genetic divergences ex-isted between strains of P.globosa. The sequence comparison of the Phaeocystis rDNA ITS clearlyshows that the species isolated from the southeast coast of China is identified as P. globosa rather thanP. cf. po     

东海钙质生物骨屑的矿物学特征

通过电镜、电子探针和X射线等项分析,对东海沉积物中的有孔虫、腹足类、双壳类、苔藓、珊瑚、海胆等骨屑进行了矿物学研究,确定了矿物成分与生物属种的关系,并基于有孔虫壳体化学成分将壳体分为均质壳和异质壳,生物碳酸盐中镁主要富集在方解石及镁方解石中,锶在方解石和镁方解石中的分配系数(D)相似,为0.11—0.14;在文石质骨屑中D=1.09-1.20。碳氧同位素组成与生物属种有明显关系。据一些有孔虫壳体氧同位素偏差值计算的水温来看,本次测定的有孔虫属种的骨屑不能作为理想的骨屑温度计。     

从第九届国际光合作用大会看藻类分子遗传学发展趋势

根据１９９２年８月３０日－９月４日在日本名古层如开的第九届国际光合作用大会上交流的以藻类为材料的研究论文，综述了分子遗传学方面的研究成果。认为这些成果体现了光合作用研究的最新进展，蕴含有一定的应用前景；表明类分子遗传学不仅是藻类学研究领域的带头学科，而且已经活跃在光合作用等重大生物学问题研究的前沿；反映了藻类分子遗传学向解决生物学重大问题和推动藻类资料开发方向发展的趋势。     

广西地区文蛤的遗传多样性研究

以随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）研究广西的山口、北海、犀牛角、东兴的文蛤种群的遗传多样性。结果表明，在筛选的60个引物中，23个呈阳性反应，其中10个引物可产生105条稳定、清晰的带。山口、北海、犀牛角、东兴的文蛤种群的遗传多样性指数分别为0.1995,0.2039，0.1773,0.1936；多态位点比例分别为86.32%，90.63%,81.05%,88.00%,4个种群间的遗传距离在0.050～0.070之间，相邻种群的遗传差距较小。除犀牛角种群以外，其它3个种群的遗传变异水平较高。     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)自然群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的四个自然群体(大连、烟台、青岛、韩国)的遗传多样性进行了分析。12个随机引物在四个群体中共检测到123个位点,其中多态位点109个,多态位点比例为88.62%;四个群体中均未检测到各群体特有的扩增带。韩国、烟台、大连、青岛四个群体的遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)分别为0.2557、0.2557、0.2344和0.2249,以韩国和烟台群体遗传多样性较高,其次为大连群体,青岛群体最低,但它们之间无明显差异。不同群体的遗传多样性指数的平均数Hpop为0.2427,整个栉孔扇贝自然群体的遗传多样性指数Hsp为0.2503。遗传多样性剖分显示,绝大多数(97%)的遗传多样性是由群体内不同个体间的差异造成的,只有很小部分(3%)的遗传多样性与群体间的遗传分化有关。而采用基于单倍型(等位基因)之间的进化距离的AMOVA分析得到的这两个数据则分别为99%和1%,Φ值为0.010,且P=0.05,表明群体间遗传分化明显程度位于临界值。     

改进的自适应遗传算法在遥感图像分割中的应用

为了自动确定遥感图像分割的最佳阈值,本文提出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法,并利用该算法对二维Otsu图像阈值分割函数进行了全局优化,提高了分割闻值的求解速度。该算法能够根据个体适应度大小和群体的分散程度自动调整遗传控制参数,从而能够在保持群体多样性的同时加快收敛速度,克服基本遗传算法的收敛性差、易早熟问题。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的收敛速度和稳定性,达到较好的图像分割效果,大大缩短了计算时间。     

河南石板沟金矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨

在总结石板沟金矿床矿化地质特征的基础上,通过对矿石氢氧同位素测试和矿石微量元素相关分析,认为成矿热液主要来源于变质水,矿床成矿环境应属低温环境,矿床成因类型属受构造剪切带控制的低温变质热液蚀变型金矿床。     

Palaeoclimatic studies in South Shetland Islands,Antarctica, based on numerous stratigraphic variables in lake sediments

The hitherto longest found lake sediment sequence on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, was analysed with respect to lithology, chronology, diatoms, Pediastrum, pollen and spores, mosses, mineralogy, and sediment chemistry. During the ca. 5000 year long development the sediments were influenced by frequent tephra fall-outs. This volcanic impact played a major role in the lake's history during two periods, 4700–4600 and 2800–2500 BP, but was of importance during the lake's entire history with considerable influence on many of the palaeoenvironmentally significant indicators. The large and complex data set was analysed and zonated with different types of multivariate analysis. This resulted in a subdivision of the sequence into 8 time periods and 21 variables. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of this data set, both without and with the tephra periods, and with 4–6 of the variables as explanatory environmental variables, reveal that climatic/environmental signals are detectable. The palaeoclimatic picture that emerged out of the tephra noise suggests that the first 100 years were characterized by mild, humid conditions. This was followed by a less mild and humid climate until ca. 4000 BP when a gradual warming seems to have started, coupled with increased humidity. These mild and humid conditions seem to have reached an optimum slightly after 3000 BP. At ca. 2500 BP a distinct climatic deterioration occurred with colder and drier conditions and long seasons with ice cover. This arid, cold phase probably reached its optimum conditions at ca. 1500 BP, when slightly warmer conditions might have prevailed for a while. Except for the modern sample with rather mild climate, the last 1400 years seem to have been fairly arid and cold, and the effects of the frequent volcanic activity during this period is only vaguely seen in the records.     

河北大麻坪宝石级橄榄石物理化学性质及成因

对河北大麻坪宝石级橄榄石物理化学及宝石学特征进行研究后，初步提出矿床成因模式，对于相似地区的碱性玄武岩地区的橄榄石宝石矿床的勘探有指导意义。     

CAPPS多箱模式中光化学模式的嵌套与城市大气臭氧数值预报

为解决城市边界层中大气O₃浓度的预报问题，选用一种简明有效的光化学反应方案建立光化学模式, 并与大气平流扩散的箱格预报模型进行了嵌套，从而将大气化学过程引入到城市空气污染数值预报系统 (CAPPS) 中。同时，根据实际需要研究了VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) 浓度及NO_x源排放量等参数缺测时，根据前期监测浓度采用遗传算法反演未知参数的具体方法。利用2001年9月8~17日在北京舞蹈学院监测的O₃、NO_x资料及相应的气象数据，用改进后的CAPPS模式进行了单箱预报试验。预报试验结果表明，嵌套后的模式对O₃浓度的变化具备一定的预报能力。