分形理论用于洪水分期的初步探讨

用分形理论对洪峰散点序列进行了分析,发现洪峰散点序列在一定尺度范围内表现出了自相似性,初步证明洪峰散点序列是一种分形。提出了用分形理论划分洪水分期的方法,并以雅垄江小得石站洪水分期研究为例。结果显示,用分形法划分的洪水分期和传统的经验方法划分的洪水分期基本一致,但和传统方法相比,新方法的优点较为客观。     

基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理论

大国间的争霸与兴衰更替,无不受地缘法则的支配。地理学者应紧跟时代的步伐,准确把握国家利益之所在,抓住机遇为民族伟大复兴做出贡献。但是,缺乏对地缘政治学的历史和哲学的批判将不能准确理解和有效实践地缘政治理论。本文简要介绍了批判地缘政治学的发展,总结了批判地缘政治学的3个特点,据此对4个经典地缘政治理论进行了解读。为了简化解读过程,首先提出了一个解读4个经典地缘政治理论的分析框架;其次根据这个分析框架重点解读了麦金德的"历史的地理枢纽";最后对4个经典地缘政治理论进行了批判性总结。通过批判性解读,得出经典地缘政治理论既有科学性一面,也有假说性和理念性的一面。经典地缘政治理论构建是基于国际地缘格局、国家利益空间分布、国家间空间冲突而构建的,并展现了理论建构者的身份,体现了地缘政治理论的历史性、社会性、情境性和地理知识—权力结构。     

溪洛渡水电站某危岩体稳定性及加固措施研究

在现场调查分析的基础上,提出了溪洛渡水电站某危岩体的两种可能失稳模式（剪切坠落或拉裂倾倒失稳）,进而建立了相应的稳定性计算极限平衡力学模型,而且对危岩体的变形和破坏特征进行了数值模拟分析,分析结果表明,危岩体抗拉裂倾倒稳定性较差,剪切坠落失稳的稳定性系数较高。在稳定性分析的基础上,计算出危岩体倾倒失稳时,安全系数为1.5时的锚固力,进而提出了危岩体加固方案：充填凹岩腔+填充裂隙+预应力锚索＋锚杆联合加固,数值模拟表明此加固方案效果良好。     

Study on Formation Mechanisms of Heavy Rainfall Within the Meiyu Along the Mid-Lower Yangtze River and Theories and Methods of Their Detection and Prediction

As the project of National Key Basic Research Development Program: Research on Formation Mechanisms and Predictive Theories of Major Weather Disasters in China has been fulfilled by 5-yr efforts of Chinese scientists, achieving results of great significance are as follows: 1) development of multi-scale physical models for Meiyu frontal heavy rainfall based on a range of real-time observations; 2) construction of synoptic models for such heavy rainfall; 3) the Meiyu front found to consist of multi-scale systems that represent a subtropical front, which shears structural features of an extratropical front and ITCZ, displaying sometimes a bi-front feature in the mid-lower Yangtze Basin (MLYB). The positive feedback between pre-frontal wet physical processes and over-front strong convective activities as well as interactions among multi-scale systems of the Meiyu front act as the important mechanism for the maintenance and development of the Meiyu front; 4) proposal of theories and methods for quantitative retrieval of multiple mesoscale torrential rains from satellite remote sensings, leading to a line of products; 5) investigation of applicable theories and techniques for retrieving the heavy rainfall system's 3D structure from dual-Doppler synchronous detectings; and 6) development of a system for meso heavy rainfall numerical prediction models with a 3D variational data assimilation scheme included, a tool that played an active role in flood combating and relief activities over the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) in 2003.     

南京地铁稳定性优势面理论分析

以南京地铁为例,运用优势面理论分析方法,对控制城市浅埋隧道稳定性的优势断裂进行了分析。并对土体中具有规模效应的构筑物的稳定性分析发展了一套工程地质层组划分和优势层判定的分析方法。通过对南京地铁场区优势断裂和优势层的分析。确定南京－湖熟断裂和定淮门－彭楼断裂为控制场址区工程地基稳定性的场区优势断裂,并控制着鼓楼岗和小红山地铁隧道的稳定性;地铁隧道在土层中最佳持力层为O3的硬粘土层Ⅲ1,其次为Q3的软粘土层Ⅲ2。敏感层为Q3的软粘土层Ⅱ2和饱和松砂层Ⅱ4,在保证工程的稳定性和经济的可行性情况下,地铁隧道的底部标高以－5－－15m为宜。     

分层流体中内孤立波在潜浮式竖直薄板上透射和反射

采用边缘层理论研究了两层流体系统中内孤立波在潜浮式竖直薄板上的透射和反射问题,提出了非线性演化方程的“初值”条件,分析了内孤立波与薄板非线性相互作用的效应。研究表明:流体层的密度比以及薄板伸入上下层的深度对于反射和透射波结构具有显著的影响,薄板伸入下层越深、密度差越小,则薄板阻碍孤立波透射的效率越高;透射波通常演化为单峰孤立波和迅速衰减的尾波,反射波演化为缓慢衰减的尾波列;对于具有小密度差的跃层结构,内孤立波在潜浮式竖直薄板上的透射及其演化近乎是无障碍的。     

On the expansions of intermediate orbit for general planetary theory

Intermediate orbit for general planetary theory is constructed in the form of multivariate Fourier series with numerical coefficients. The structure and efficiency of the derived series are illustrated by giving various statistical properties of the coefficients.The ability of the recently proposed elliptic function approach to compress the Fourier series representing the intermediate orbit is investigated. Our results confirm that when mutual perturbations of a pair of planets are considered the elliptic function approach is quite efficient and allows one to compress the series substantially. However, when perturbations of three or more planets are under study the elliptic function approach does not give any advantages.     

桩基水平位移的有限元模拟

有限元数值计算方法在岩土工程中已有较多的应用,但在水平受荷桩分析计算中的应用尚不普遍。有关水平受荷桩土体系水平承载力及变形的数值模拟方法少有文献报道。采用有限元数值模拟方法来研究水平受荷桩土体系的水平位移。首先简要分析了水平受荷桩的主要计算方法及原理。然后,基于ABAQUS软件建立了桩土系统二维及三维的有限单元模型,分别通过按现行规范推荐的m法和按Poulos的弹性理论法计算的两个算例,将数值计算方法与解析方法进行了对比计算分析。有限元数值计算结果与解析解基本吻合,说明了所采用有限元数值模拟方法的可靠性及有效性。     

基于半数值方法的限弯器剪弯刚度分析

柔性管缆限弯器存在接触非线性导致剪弯刚度分析困难。为此先基于悬臂梁方程建立剪弯刚度理论模型;然后构建考虑接触边界的锁合结构数值模型,得到其扭转刚度曲线;最后结合理论分析和数值计算求得考虑接触非线性的限弯器剪弯刚度曲线,并同传统的整体数值方法相比较,验证该半数值分析方法的有效性。对比发现基于半数值方法的限弯器剪弯计算效率远高于传统数值方法,其结果误差也满足工程需求;并且限弯器锁合结构处受接触边界影响有明显的非线性;限弯器子梁这一短梁结构基于Timoshenko梁理论计算的结果精度更高也更保守。相较于传统数值方法,该半数值方法用方程直接表达部分参数与剪弯刚度关系,并可以高效地分析限弯器剪弯刚度,使设计工作更加高效。