澜沧江断裂带走滑变形及临沧锗矿的关系

建立在对断裂带的变形特征、运动学特征和变形岩石年代学的综合研究表明，澜沧江断裂带是一条左旋走滑断裂带，左旋走滑始于20Ma。印支地块由南北向北运动和保山地块的向南挤出，主要是通过红河断裂、怒江断裂的右旋走滑和澜沧江断裂的左旋走滑共同调节来实现的。澜沧江断裂带的左旋走滑制约了临沧帮卖盆地的形成演化、盆地内的热水活动、锗的富集成矿和锗矿床的空间分布。     

Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari managanese field, South Africa

The mineralogy of the managanese ores of the giant Paleoproterozoic Kalahari manganese deposit of the Transvaal Supergroup has been subject of many studies and up to now 135 different ore and gangue minerals have been described, of which eight represent new mineral species. Through correlation of different mineral assemblages with specific geological events and by determining relative ages of minerals in outcrop, hand specimen and under the microscope an attempt is made in this publication to construct a paragenetic sequence for this complex mineral assemblage. Sedimentation and early diagenesis of the Hotazel Formation, composed of interbedded iron formation and braunite lutite, was followed by low-grade metamorphism and associated stratabound metasomatism. Braunite lutite of sedimentary origin, comprising 97% of the total ore reserve, is composed of braunite, hematite and kutnahorite, and abundant early diagenetic kutnahorite and manganoan calcite forming laminae and ovoids. Fluid flow during late diagenesis or lower greenschist facies metamorphism led to stratabound metasomatic oxidation of Mn-bearing carbonates to hausmannite and Mn-poor calcite. Three structurally controlled hydrothermal alteration events succeed metamorphism. These events are referred to as Wessels, Mamatwan and Smartt events. The Wessels alteration event is the oldest of the three events and it is of great economic importance because virtually all of the high-grade ore (> 42% Mn), 3% of the total ore reserve, formed during this event through alteration of carbonate-rich low-grade Mamatwan-type ore (braunite lutite) to high-grade, carbonate-poor Wessels-type manganese ore. This Wessels hydrothermal alteration event took place in the northwestern part of the Kalahari deposit, associated with a system of major north-south- and minor east-west-striking normal faults. The Mamatwan alteration event is observed throughout the Kalahari manganese deposit but alteration is very localized. Reduction halos and discolouration of braunite lutite around fracture or joint-hosted sulphide-carbonate mineralization are typical of the Mamatwan alteration event. In contrast, the Smartt alteration event is characterized by oxidation of braunite lutite and the formation of todorokite and manganomelane. Syn- and Post-Kalahari supergene alteration has taken place below the suboutcrop of the Hotazel Formation against the calcretized sediments of the Cenozoic Kalahari Formation. Cryptomelane and pyrolusite are the predominant products of surficial weathering.     

华南花岗岩型锂矿地质背景与成矿条件

华南是我国花岗岩型铌钽锂等稀有稀土金属矿产的重要产地,以花岗岩型、蚀变花岗岩型矿床类型为主,也有少量伟晶岩型矿床,主要分布在武夷、南岭和江南等地区。锂矿多呈弥散状产出,和钨锡铌钽铍铯等稀有金属矿共生。在前人工作的基础,本文对华南锂等稀有金属矿产资源的地质背景和成矿条件进行了分析和总结。研究表明,锂矿带的分布受大地构造的制约。华南锂等稀有元素成矿物质的堆积与富集发生在具有古老基底的成熟陆壳区,经历了多期构造-岩浆作用的改造与物质循环过程,致使锂矿等稀有金属矿产不断富集。高成熟度的地壳、高分异高演化的花岗岩、富含挥发分流体的交代蚀变是锂矿物质迁移富集和成矿的三大因素,锂矿床多产在造山带中的背斜轴部和两组大断裂的交汇处,锂矿体多赋存在复式岩体的晚期岩株和蚀变花岗岩以及伟晶岩脉中,出现在晚期岩体的顶部和边部。成矿集中在新元古代、晚奥陶世—早泥盆世、中—晚三叠世和晚侏罗世—早白垩世4个时期,尤以晚侏罗世—早白垩世时期的锂矿类型最多,规模最大,矿质最好。华南具有花岗岩型铌钽锂稀有金属成矿的良好条件,具有很好的找矿前景。     

ICP-MS和ICP-AES测定地球化学勘查样品及稀土矿石中铌钽方法体系的建立

针对目前铌钽分析中出现的样品溶解不完全、元素易水解及现有分析技术流程复杂的情况,本文对常用的混合酸恒温电热板溶解和过氧化钠碱熔两种样品前处理方式进行优化,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）两种技术手段,建立了测定地球化学勘查样品及稀土矿石中不同含量水平的铌、钽两套分析方法。对于铌、钽含量较低且易于分解的样品,采用硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸混合酸恒温电热板消解ICP-MS方法测定;对于铌、钽含量高且难溶的样品,采用过氧化钠高温熔融ICP-AES方法测定。ICP-MS用于分析低含量样品更具优势,而高含量样品更适合运用ICP-AES。通过分析土壤、水系沉积物、岩石、稀有稀土矿石系列国家标准物质,结果表明混合酸处理ICP-MS分析方法的线性范围为0~200 ng/mL;检出限为铌0.01 μg/g,钽0.05 μg/g;相对误差小于10%,精密度（RSD）小于6%;碱熔处理ICP-AES分析方法的线性范围为0~30 μg/mL,检出限为铌0.2 μg/g,钽2.5 μg/g,相对误差小于10%,精密度（RSD）小于7%。这两套分析方法可以满足基体复杂、铌钽含量变化范围大、试样批量大的检测要求。     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床中富铜矿石铂族元素特征及矿床成因

金川铜镍硫化物矿床是世界单个矿体最大的镍矿床,镍资源储量居世界第三.矿床以海绵陨铁状矿石为主,富Cu矿石在矿床中呈"鸡窝状"产出.基于富Cu矿石的空间分布、矿石结构、硫化物组合、铂族元素地球化学的研究,提出了富Cu矿石的成因:硫化物发生单硫化物固溶体结晶,在重力分异或构造扰动下,富Cu、Pt、Pd的残余硫化物在局部聚集成矿.根据大量铂族数据的统计与模拟计算,获得了金川矿床母岩浆的PGE组成:Os=0.355×10-9,Ir=0.265×10-9,Ru=0.277×10-9,Rh=0.144×10-9,Pt=4.91×10-9,Pd=2.32×10-9,Ni=338×10-6,Cu=174×10-6.通过R因子与硫化物分异结晶过程模拟,金川铜镍硫化物矿床的R因子为300～1000,平均为567,R因子值在1号与24号矿体中明显大于2号矿体.     

磁异常解释中的剩余磁化问题

磁铁矿矿石与强磁性火山岩磁性有明显的差别,前者以感应磁化为主,后者以剩余磁化为主.推荐一种利用地磁场变化磁场确定磁异常源磁性特征的方法,评论了几种涉及由剩余磁化引起的磁异常的解释方法.     

Spatial-Temporal Distribution, Geological Characteristics and Ore-Formation Controlling Factors of Major Types of Rare Metal Mineral Deposits in China

Rare metals including Lithium(Li), Beryllium(Be), Rubidium(Rb), Cesium(Cs), Zirconium(Zr), Hafnium(Hf), Niobium(Nb), Tantalum(Ta), Tungsten(W) and Tin(Sn) are important critical mineral resources. In China, rare metal mineral deposits are spatially distributed mainly in the Altay and Southern Great Xingán Range regions in the Central Asian orogenic belt; in the Middle Qilian, South Qinling and East Qinling mountains regions in the Qilian–Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt; in the Western Sichuan and Ba...     

容量法测定方铅矿中高含量银

报道了采用HNO3－H2SO4－HF溶样,KI容量法测定硅、铅含量较高样品中高含量银的方法。试验了滴定反应的酸度条件。在1．6mol/L HNO3介质中,银与碘化钾反应,生成碘化银沉淀。银的标准加入回收率为97．8％－100．4％。精密度试验,相对标准偏差为0．92％（n=11)。该法可溶解含硅银矿及角银矿中的银。方法已被用于测定矿石中高含量银。     

原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿中硒和碲

介绍了铜矿中Ｓｅ,Ｔｅ的测定方法,样品经ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４分解,以含ＨＣｌＯ４的０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液通过７４３型阳离子树脂分离Ｃｕ,原子荧光光谱法测定Ｓｅ,Ｔｅ。     

第二深度空间的找矿、勘探和开发利用——深部找矿浅议

我国中东部地区已进入深部找矿新阶段,研究并建立深部找矿勘查模型,总结深部矿床的示踪标志和其探测的有效新技术、新方法、新理论与新进展等,对于迎接第二深度空间的找矿、勘探和开发利用意义重大。