新疆铜镍硫化物矿床地质-地球物理模式及找矿标志

在应用地质地球物理方法普查找矿时,从设计到野外工作,以及对所取得成果资料的解释推断都需要了解研究有关调查地区及探测目标的地质-地球物理条件及其主要特性,以便确定有效的普查找矿方法和提出切合实际的解释推断意见.建立和应用探测目标的地质-地球物理模式,对解决上述问题具有重要意义.我们总结建立了新疆铜镍硫化物矿床地质-地球物理模式,指出了普查寻找这类矿床的主要标志和基本方法.     

陕西汞矿类型简介兼论金—汞矿床的找矿前景

在综合归纳秦岭泥盆系多金属矿带特征的基础上,将陕西汞矿床划分为三种类型,即层控型、裂隙脉状型和伴生型;分析了金汞元素的矿物和地珠化学相似性,金汞矿床共生成矿特征,认为陕西境内秦岭地区是金—汞找矿的有利地区.     

豫西骆驼山硫多金属矿床纹层状矿石硫化物Rb-Sr定年及S同位素组成对矿床成因的制约

已有研究在骆驼山硫多金属矿床成因方面存在较大争议,争论的焦点在于该矿床是否形成于中—新元古代的喷流沉积成矿作用。纹层状矿石曾被认为是喷流沉积成因矿床的重要证据之一,但也可能为热液交代成因。厘定骆驼山硫多金属矿床纹层状矿石的成矿时代和成矿物质来源是解决争议最为直接有效的途径。通过详细的野外地质观察,该型矿石在空间上主要产于矽卡岩与致密块状硫化物矿石之间,在透辉石长英角岩、矽卡岩及大理岩等围岩中也有分布,这种构造通常由不同金属矿物的纹层相间排列,以及金属矿物纹层与围岩纹层相间排列而成,地质特征表明纹层状矿石交代了矽卡岩。采用硫化物Rb-Sr同位素定年法对9件纹层状构造发育的硫化物样品(6件闪锌矿和3件磁黄铁矿)进行成矿年龄测定,获得闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿的等时线年龄为139.6±2.6Ma,表明骆驼山硫多金属矿床形成于早白垩世。纹层状矿石样品的S和Sr同位素测试结果表明,矿石的δ~(34)S值为+1.7‰~+3.3‰(平均值为+2.44‰),塔式分布特征明显;Sr同位素初始比值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i介于0.709704~0.709943之间,平均值为0.709823,二者均反映骆驼山硫多金属矿床的成矿物质主要来自下地壳的深源岩浆。综上分析,结合野外地质调查和室内显微镜下观察,认为纹层状矿石是中生代岩浆热液成因,而非中—新元古代喷流沉积成因,进而表明骆驼山硫多金属矿床应属岩浆热液交代成因的矽卡岩型矿床。该结果对于今后在该矿集区乃至整个豫西地区寻找类似的硫多金属矿床具有一定的理论指导意义。     

The Itataia phosphate-uranium deposit (Ceará, Brazil) new petrographic,geochemistry and isotope studies

The Itataia phosphate-uranium deposit is located in Santa Quitéria, in central Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Mineralization has occurred in different stages and involves quartz leaching (episyenitization), brecciation and microcrystalline phase formation of concretionary apatite. The last constitutes the main mineral of Itatiaia uranium ore, namely collophane. Collophanite ore occurs in massive bodies, lenses, breccia zones, veins or episyenite in marble layers, calc-silicate rocks and gneisses of the Itataia Group.There are two accepted theories on the origin of the earliest mineralization phase of Itataia ore: syngenetic (primary) – where the ore is derived from a continental source and then deposited in marine and coastal environments; and epigenetic (secondary) – whereby the fluids are of magmatic, metamorphic and meteoric origin. The characterization of pre- or post-deformational mineralization is controversial, since the features of the ore are interpreted as deformation.This investigation conducted isotopic studies and chemical analyses of minerals in marbles and calc-silicate rocks of the Alcantil and Barrigas Formations (Itataia Group), as well as petrographic and structural studies. Analysis of the thin sections shows at least three phosphate mineral phases associated with uranium mineralizaton: (1) A prismatic fluorapatite phase associated with chess-board albite, arfvedsonite and ferro-eckermannite; (2) a second fluorapatite phase with fibrous radial or colloform habits that replaces calcium carbonate in marble, especially along fractures, with minerals such as quartz, chlorite and zeolite also identified in calc-silicate rocks; and (3) an younger phosphate phase of botryoidal apatite (fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite) related with clay minerals and probably others calcium and aluminum phosphates. Detailed isotopic analysis carried out perpendicularly to the mineralized levels and veins in the marble revealed significant variation in isotopic ratios. Mineralized zones exhibit a decrease in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O isotope values and a higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio toward the center of the vein. In conjunction with petrographic studies, these changes contesting the hypothesis of a sedimentary origin for uranium and suggest a radiogenic Sr input by alkaline to peralkaline fluids from fertile granites of the end of Brasiliano/Pan-African orogeny, located outside the deposit. The origin of the phosphorous is associated with phosphorite deposits in the same depositional environment of the neoproterozoic supracrustal quartz-pelite-carbonate sediments of the Itataia Group.Considering the studies conducted here and available geological data, three main mineralizing events can be identified in Itataia: (1) an initial high temperature event connected with a sodium metasomatism-related uranium episode, taking place in Borborema Province and its African counterpart; (2) a second lower temperature stage, consisting of a multiphase cataclastic/hydrothermal event limited to fault and paleokarst zones; and (3) a third and final event, developed in frankly oxidizing conditions. The last two involving mixing of hydrothermal and meteoric fluids.     

Chemical Characterisation of Chromites by XRF Spectrometry

The present study was undertaken to establish and validate a methodology for determining the chemical composition of chromite ores, as no detailed information could be found in the literature. Chromite ores from South Africa, Kazajistan and Mongolia were analysed. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry was used for chemical characterisation. Sample preparation in the form of fused beads was optimised in terms of sample:flux ratio, type of flux, type of release agent, fusion temperature and time. Calibration and validation samples were prepared from mixtures of reference materials. The proposed methodology was then used in an interlaboratory test for preparing a new chromite-rich reference material.
L'analyse présentée id a été entreprise afin d'établir et de valider une méthodologie pour déterminer la composition chimique de minerals de chromite, car aucune information détaillée là dessus ne pouvait etre trouvée dans la littérature. Des minerals de chromite d'Afrique du Sud, du Kazakhstan et de Mongolie ont été analysés par spectrométrie de Fluorescence de Rayons X (XRF) afin d'être caractérisés chimiquement. La préparation des échantillons afin d'obtenir des perles fondues a été optimisée en termes du rapport "échantillon/fondant", type de fondant, d'agent mouillant, température et durée de fusion. La calibration et la validation ont été faites à partir de mixtures de matériau de référence. La méthodologie proposée a été ensuite appliquée à un test d'inter-comparaison en vue de préparer un nouveau matériau de référence riche en chromite .     

全自动电位滴定分析仪精密测定矿石中的铀

本文采用全自动电位滴定分析仪 ,选择最佳实验条件。由空白样实验测得其检出限可达5 4μg/g ,分别对铀含量为 3 7～ 1 0 0 μg/g的 3种国家标准物质及高含量样品进行了测定 ,测定结果准确 ,相对标准偏差 (RSD % )可控制在 3 %左右。实际样品测定结果表明 ,其与参考值符合得很好。该方法检出限低 ,精密度高 ,操作简单 ,分析速度快 ,测定范围宽 ,是测定铀含量的较理想的方法。     

络合滴定铁矿中铝的新指示剂

在ＰＨ４．５－６．５条件下，Ｚｎ与３，５－ｄｉＢｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ及ＳＤＳ形成可溶性紫红色络合物，利用此体系以３，５－ｄｉＢｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ为指示剂，锌盐回滴法测定铁矿中的Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶液颜色由亮黄变为紫红，络点突跃敏锐，Ｆｅ＾３＋的黄色不影响终点观察。     

嘎衣穷多金属矿床的激电勘查

白玉县嘎衣穷矿区经过三年的激发极化法测量工作,圈定了南北两个长达2200m的激电异常带,在异常带中进一步圈定了8个局部异常,其中Ⅱ_1号异常长440m,宽10—20m,经工程查证,圈定多金属矿体长360m,平均厚度9.11m;Ⅱ_2、Ⅲ_3号异常长约1300m,宽约20—60m,经工程查证,圈定多金属矿体长870m,地表最大厚度21.4m。通过激电工作同时发现了矿区南东部位的大规模异常,经少量地表、深部工程控制也已见到了多金属矿体。嘎衣穷矿床属火山岩型多金属矿床,地质、地球物理条件对开展激电工作都较有利,所以取得了较好的找矿效果。     

泡塑分离冷原子荧光测定金矿中微量汞

冷蒸气原子荧光测Hg,Au的最大允许量为0.5μg。一些金矿样品中Au的含量较高,在分析中如不分离Au而直接测Hg,将产生严重负干扰。本文试验表明:在5％～15％的王水介质中,小于10μg量的Hg不被泡塑吸附;500μgAu被定量吸附,同时被吸附的有Sb、Tl等元素。Se、Te的干扰用K_2Cr_2O_7氧化消除。本法操作简便、快速,分离效果好,成功地应用于金矿样品中Hg的测定。     

玻利维亚优势矿种成矿带划分和基于遥感地质解译的找矿预测

钨、锡和锑是玻利维亚的优势矿种。基于ETM遥感影像和遥感地质解译方法对玻利维亚安第斯山脉优势矿种分布特征进行解译,从遥感地质角度圈定玻利维亚优势矿种和科迪勒拉成矿带,并进一步分为科迪勒拉奥连塔尔(Cordillera Oriental)和科迪勒拉奥赛登塔尔(Cordillera Occidental)2个成矿亚带。成矿带在空间上具有东西分带,南北分区的特征;在时间上具有东带老、西带新,北段老、南段新的特征。依据成矿地质条件和成矿带时空分布特征进行遥感找矿预测,按不同比例尺由粗到细,逐步缩小找矿靶区,分层次划分找矿预测区。通过1∶100万遥感地质解译,提出战略选区;通过1∶25万遥感地质解译,提出重点找矿区;通过1∶5万遥感地质解译,提出找矿预测区。