浙江主要铀矿类型与铀矿石的溶浸性能特征

浙江铀矿资源丰富 ,我国四大铀矿类型在省内均有发现。作为一种特殊的战略性矿产资源 ,在我国国防和核电工业具有重要的地位 ,研究铀矿石的溶浸特性 ,对于铀矿资源的科学利用 ,服务于经济建设具有现实意义。本文通过对我省主要铀矿类型的介绍和溶浸性能特征的研究 ,旨在对省内主要铀矿类型矿石的溶浸性能作出初步评价     

云南临沧煤型锗矿床中锗富集过程的有限元数值模拟

成矿元素富集作用是煤型关键金属矿床研究面临的主要问题之一。针对云南临沧煤型锗矿床中锗富集过程进行热-流-化-质多场耦合数值模拟研究。结果表明,数值模拟结果与前人研究结果吻合,验证了煤型锗矿床成矿理论及数值模拟方法在矿床学理论研究中的作用。岩体上表面形态是临沧锗矿床成矿的关键控制因素,具有穹隆形态的岩体上表面能够使含煤盆地底部产生9.1×10³倍的锗富集(相较于反应物浓度),在岩体规模减小50%的情况下仍有6.9×10³倍的富集,而凹陷和水平的岩体上表面分别只产生了589倍和9.3倍的锗富集。因此,具有穹隆形态的岩体上表面更有利于其上部的含煤盆地形成高品位的锗矿化,穹隆状岩体的上表面可为岩浆热液成因的煤型锗矿床深、边部找矿勘探提供有利信息。     

几个重要Ge同位素平衡分馏参数的理论预测

本研究基于Urey模型(或称Bigeleisen和Mayer公式),结合量子化学计算的方法,在B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p)理论水平下,计算了Ge在类似石英(包括蛋白石)、钠长石、钾长石、橄榄石结构以及水溶液(包括海水)中Ge(OH)4和GeO(OH)3-之间的Ge同位素平衡分馏系数.其中,溶液效应用"水滴法"处理,矿物结构用簇合物方法模拟.结果显示这些基本分馏参数的精度约±0.3‰;类石英(或蛋白石)结构最可能富集重Ge同位素,在25 ℃,几个Ge同位素分馏系数分别约为:Δ石英-Ge(OH)4=0.9‰、ΔGe(OH)4-GeO(OH)3-=0.3‰(海水中)、Δ石英-钠长石=0.6‰、Δ石英-钾长石=0.4‰、Δ橄榄石-Ge(OH)4=-1.2‰.类石英与类橄榄石结构之间存在较大的分馏,Δ石英-橄榄石=2.1‰.这些具有重要地质意义的基本分馏参数可以为探索未知的Ge同位素地球化学应用领域打下基础.此外,本文还用所得的分馏参数定量地解释了Siebert等(2006)和Rouxel等(2006)的一些工作,说明了这些参数的可靠性及其在地学中的重要应用意义.     

FeO*-Al2O3-TiO2-Rich Rocks of the Tertiary Bana Igneous Complex, West Cameroon

FeO*‐Al₂O₃‐TiO₂‐rich rocks are found associated with transitional tholeiitic lava flows in the Tertiary Bana plutono‐volcanic complex in the continental sector of the Cameroon Line. These peculiar rocks consist principally of iron‐titanium oxides, aluminosilicates and phosphates, and occur as layers 1–3 m thick occupying the upper part of lava flows on the southwest (site 1) and northwest (site 2) sites of the complex. Mineral constituents of the rocks include magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, rutile, corundum, andalusite, sillimanite, cordierite, quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, apatite, Fe‐Mn phosphate, Al phosphate, micas and fine mixtures of sericite and silica. Texturally and compositionally, the rocks can be subdivided into globular type, banded type, and Al‐rich fine‐gained massive type. The first two types consist of dark globule or band enriched in Fe‐Ti oxides and apatite and lighter colored groundmass or bands enriched in aluminosilicates and quartz, respectively. The occurrence of andalusite and sillimanite and the compositional relations of magnetite and ilmenite in the FeO*‐Al₂O₃‐TiO₂‐rich rocks suggest temperatures of crystallization in a range of 690–830°C at low pressures. The Bana FeO*‐Al₂O₃‐TiO₂‐rich rocks are characterized by low concentrations of SiO₂ (25–54.2 wt%), Na₂O + K₂O (0–1%), CaO (0–2%) and MgO (0–0.5%), and high concentrations of FeO* (total iron as FeO, 20–42%), Al₂O₃ (20–42%), TiO₂ (3–9.2%), and P₂O₅ (0.26–1.30%). TiO₂ is positively correlated with Al₂O₃ and inversely correlated with FeO*. The bulk rock compositions cannot be derived from the associated basaltic magma by crystal fractionation or by partial melting of the mantle or lower crustal materials. In ternary diagrams of (Al₂O₃)?(CaO + Na₂O + K₂O)?(FeO*+ MnO + MgO) and (SiO₂)?(FeO*)?(Al₂O₃), the compositional field of the rocks is close to that of laterite and is distinct from the common volcanic rocks, suggesting that the rocks are derived from lateritic materials by recrystallization when the materials are heated by the basaltic magmas. A hydrothermal origin is discounted because the rocks contain high‐temperature mineral assemblages and lack sulfide minerals. It is proposed that the FeO*‐Al₂O₃‐TiO₂‐rich rocks of the Bana complex were formed by pyrometamorphism of laterite by the heat of basaltic magmas.     

贵州碘缺乏病区岩(矿)石地球化学特征研究

为探讨碘缺乏病区环境地质特征,通过对分布区不同类型岩(矿)石环境碘的地球化学特征,以及岩石系统中碘与钙、镁等元素相关性分析研究,认为贵州碘缺乏病分布与地层岩石碘的地球化学特征有关:病区主要分布于碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩以及浅变质岩碘背景含量较低的分布区,非病区主要分布于与煤、紫色岩碘含量较高分布区.分析结果显示:重(轻)病区岩石中钙及钙/碘值明显高于非病区岩石中钙及钙/碘值,而且钙、镁与碘呈负相关关系.     

玻利维亚优势矿种成矿带划分和基于遥感地质解译的找矿预测

钨、锡和锑是玻利维亚的优势矿种。基于ETM遥感影像和遥感地质解译方法对玻利维亚安第斯山脉优势矿种分布特征进行解译,从遥感地质角度圈定玻利维亚优势矿种和科迪勒拉成矿带,并进一步分为科迪勒拉奥连塔尔(Cordillera Oriental)和科迪勒拉奥赛登塔尔(Cordillera Occidental)2个成矿亚带。成矿带在空间上具有东西分带,南北分区的特征;在时间上具有东带老、西带新,北段老、南段新的特征。依据成矿地质条件和成矿带时空分布特征进行遥感找矿预测,按不同比例尺由粗到细,逐步缩小找矿靶区,分层次划分找矿预测区。通过1∶100万遥感地质解译,提出战略选区;通过1∶25万遥感地质解译,提出重点找矿区;通过1∶5万遥感地质解译,提出找矿预测区。     

陕西白河关帝庙铅锌银金多金属矿地质特征及成矿前景分析

陕西白河关帝庙铅锌银金多金属矿位于武当隆起西缘。目前,已圈定了四条铅锌银金矿化蚀变带,在KH2矿化蚀变带内圈出一条铅锌银矿（化）体,规模较大。此外还圈出了多个单金、单铅矿化体,矿化主要产于火山岩与沉积岩间剪切带内,成矿元素Pb、Zn、Au、Ag可能来自于附近火山岩,矿化的形成受地层、构造、热液等因素影响。     

Continental hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rock and genesis of superlarge germanium (Ge) deposit hosted in coal: A study from the Lincang Ge deposit,Yunnan, China

The study on marine hydrothermal sedimentationtends to be perfect at present, and a suit of hydrother-mal sedimentary distinguishing criterions (includingstructure, conformation, geochemistry, etc.) has beenfound[1—12]. While it is unsubstantial on the study ofhydrothermal sedimentation in continental deposi-tional environment, and little was known about therelation between continental hydrothermal sedimenta-tion and metal mineralization. The Lincang Ge deposit,hosted in coal with independent…     

Ge/Si and Sr/Sr tracers of weathering reactions and hydrologic pathways in a tropical granitoid system

Ge/Si and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data from primary and secondary minerals, soil waters, and stream waters in a tropical granitoid catchment quantitatively reflect mineral alteration reactions that occur at different levels within the bedrock–saprolite–soil zone. Near the bedrock–saprolite interface, plagioclase to kaolinite reaction yields low Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr. Higher in the regolith column, biotite weathering and kaolinite dissolution drive Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr to high values. Data from streams at base flow sample the bedrock–saprolite interface zone, while at high discharge solutes are derived from upper saprolite–soil zone. Coupled Ge/Si and 87Sr/86Sr can be effective tools for quantifying the importance of specific weathering reactions, and for geochemical hydrograph separation.     

东昆仑东段钴矿地质特征及潜力浅析

东昆仑东段的钴矿床类型主要有喷流沉积型、矽卡岩型等。通过对典型矿床控矿条件的分析，认为钴矿的形成受含矿岩性、深大断裂构造以及提供成矿热液和矿源的岩体等多种因素控制。该地区寻找钴矿具有良好的前景，找矿潜力巨大。