瓦斯样品中气体成分分析

将野外装入解吸罐中的煤芯样,用真空脱气装置脱气,脱出的气体通过GC4008B气相色谱仪进行组份浓度测定,记录的数据经A5000气相色谱工作站数据处理软件处理。从而快速、准确地测定出CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6、C3H8以及重烃等气体成分的含量。用于大批量实际样品测定,符合质量管理的要求。     

甘肃北山明舒井岩体形成年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

北山明舒井岩体为一由辉长岩、闪长岩和花岗岩构成的岩浆杂岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分别获得辉长岩442.9±1.2Ma、闪长岩437.0±2.3Ma、花岗岩435.9±2.2Ma的形成年龄。其中,辉长岩为富钙、高铁和镁的钙碱性岩,相对富集LREE和LILE、贫化HFSE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr和P,Pb正异常,具中等偏高的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.705892)、高放射性成因Pb,低εNd(t)(0.1),锆石εHf(t)变化大(-7.1~+8.3)。闪长岩和花岗岩富钠、低钙、铁和镁,为准铝质钙碱性岩;它们富集LREE和LILE、亏损HFSE,Nb、Ta及Sr、P、Ti明显负异常;也显示中等偏高的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.705951~0.706196)和高放射性成因Pb、低εNd(t)(-0.2~-0.1),但锆石εHf(t)明显偏正(-1.1~+12.0)。不同岩类的地球化学特征及其相对一致的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素及明显不同的锆石Hf同位素,指示它们形成于板块消减带构造环境,为源自受流体交代和陆壳物质改造的幔源岩浆与新元古代陆壳物质部分熔融的岩浆混合和分离结晶演化的产物,代表北山南部早古生代晚奥陶世-早志留世晚期与大洋俯冲消减作用有关的构造岩浆事件。     

西藏那曲地区嘎加组闪长玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

西藏那曲地区的中—晚三叠世嘎加组中存在一套闪长玢岩,对这套闪长玢岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测定,获得的年龄为115.4±0.6Ma,属早白垩世,与区域上多尼组和则弄群时代一致。闪长玢岩SiO2含量均值为57.96%,富集Rb、Th元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti元素,与上地壳具有相似的蛛网图曲线。εHf(t)值在2.0～4.1之间,平均值为3.0,岩浆来自新生地壳。结合地球化学和构造环境综合分析,闪长玢岩可能形成于拉萨地块和羌塘地块碰撞环境,115Ma时研究区洋壳俯冲作用已结束,进入陆—陆碰撞的演化阶段,随着羌塘地块与拉萨地块的碰撞,地壳不断加厚,慢慢聚集在浅部岩浆房中的大量岩浆把已经加厚的地壳不断加热,从而引起上覆地壳的部分熔融。     

Effects of Prosopis juliflora Invasion on Native Species Diversity and Woody Species Regenerations in Rangelands of Afar National Regional State,Northeast Ethiopia

Investigation of the invasion of Prosopis juliflora and its effects on indigenous plant species are important for the control of the species. The study aimed to assess: (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora invasion on the diversity of plant species in Awash Fentale and Amibara Woredas; (2) the effects of Prosopis juliflora invasion on the regeneration potential of native woody species. Sample collection was performed in habitats of Prosopis juliflora thicket, Prosopis juliflora mixed with native species stands, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. The vegetation was stratified into invasion levels of Prosopis juliflora and then a random sampling technique for data collection. Among species of plants, the highest proportion of species, 75 (47.8%), was recorded under non-invaded woodlands, but the lowest proportion of species, 22 (14%), was recorded under open grazing lands. The invasion of Prosopis juliflora reduced the Shannon diversity index. The mean values of the Shannon diversity index and species richness under Prosopis juliflora mixed with native species (H′=2.22, R=14) and non-invaded woodlands (H′=2.23, R=13) were significantly higher than Prosopis juliflora thicket (H′=1.96, R=12) and open grazing lands (H′=1.84, R=10). The highest total density (358 stems ha^?1) of seedlings was recorded under Prosopis juliflora mixed with native species. But, the lowest total density (153 stems ha^?1) of seedlings was recorded under Prosopis juliflora thickets. Moreover, 102 trees ha^?1 native woody species were recorded under Prosopis juliflora thicket, but 1252 trees ha^?1 native species were recorded under non-invaded woodlands. If the invasion of Prosopis juliflora and its effects on native species diversity continue coupled with a drier climate, plant diversity of the Afar flora region will be highly affected and its ecosystem services will be under question. Thus, the participation of all stakeholders and multidisciplinary research approaches should be designed for the management of the species and rehabilitation of the rangelands in the region.     

不同饵料对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼摄食生长和消化的影响

以初始体重(1.08±0.04)g的云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)幼鱼为实验对象,进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,研究不同饵料(虾肉、鱼肉、杂色蛤肉和水蚯蚓)对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的摄食生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响。每个处理设4个重复,每个缸内随机放养20尾幼鱼。结果表明:水蚯蚓组的增重率、特定生长率、饵料效率和蛋白质效率均显著高于其他饵料组(P0.05),鱼肉组显著低于其他饵料组(P0.05)。水蚯蚓组的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他饵料组,而鱼肉组最低,虾肉组和杂色蛤肉组差异不显著(P0.05),水蚯蚓组的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他饵料组(P0.05),但灰分含量显著低于其他饵料组(P0.05);胃蛋白酶活力为水蚯蚓组虾肉组和杂色蛤肉组鱼肉组(P0.05),各组的脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力差异不大(P0.05)。研究表明,水蚯蚓是云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼的最佳饵料,而实际生产中最常使用的鱼肉效果最差。     

Feeding habits and ontogenetic diet shifts of Bombay duck,Harpadon nehereus

Based on two bottom trawl surveys conducted in autumn 2000 and 2001, a total of 1106 stomach samples of Bombay duck Harpadon nehereus between 23–278 mm fork length were collected and analyzed. The results show that Bombay duck prey items consisted of 11 groups or 32 species, of which Apogon lineatus, Leptochela gracilis, Acetes chinensis, and Euphausia pacifi ca were the dominant prey species. Ontogenetic variations were found in feeding habits and feeding activity of Bombay duck. Feeding activity was highest in fi sh smaller than 50 mm, lowest in fi sh between 50 and 99 mm, and then increased with increasing size thereafter. As Bombay duck size increased, fi sh prey increased in importance, whereas euphausiids and decapods decreased in importance. Different trophic guilds were observed in feeding habits across the examined size range. Bombay duck smaller than 50 mm were zooplanktivores, mainly feeding on zooplankton and fi sh larva; those between 50 and 149 mm were generalist predators, mainly feeding on pelagic shrimps, demersal shrimps and fi shes; and those larger than 150 mm were piscivores, mainly feeding on fi shes.     

Influence of stocking density on growth,body composition and energy budget of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in recirculating aquaculture systems

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were reared at four stocking densities—high density D 1(final density ~39 kg/m 3), medium densities D 2(~29 kg/m 3) and D 3(~19 kg/m 3), and low density D 4(~12 kg/m 3)—for 40 days to investigate the effect of stocking density on their growth performance, body composition and energy budgets. Stocking density did not significantly affect specific growth rate in terms of weight(SGR w) but did affect specific growth rate in terms of energy(SGR e). Stocking density significantly influenced the ration level(RL w and RL e), feed conversion ratio(FCR w and FCR e) and apparent digestibility rate(ADR). Ration level and FCR w tended to increase with increasing density. Fish at the highest density D 1 and lowest density D 4 showed lower FCR e and higher ADR than at medium densities. Stocking density significantly affected protein and energy contents of the body but did not affect its moisture, lipid, or ash contents. The expenditure of energy for metabolism in the low-density and high-density groups was lower than that in the medium-density groups. Stocking density affected energy utilization from the feces but had no effect on excretion rate. The greater energy allocation to growth at high density and low density may be attributed to reduced metabolic rate and increased apparent digestibility rate. These findings provide information that will assist selection of suitable stocking densities in the Atlantic-salmon-farming industry.     

Identification of fucans from four species of sea cucumber by high temperature 1H NMR

Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei (Pg) from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda (Hv) from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu (St) from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu (Ib) from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans (SC-Fucs). The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer (NMR) and room temperature ¹³C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature ¹H NMR than via room temperature ¹H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.     

关于无人机应用安全问题的一点探讨

近几年来"无人机"逐渐成为热门话题,汉川地震和玉树地震中的出色表现,又让"无人机航拍"这一话题深入人心,吸引了越来越多的人去学习研究,各地测绘部门和国家领导人的支持更促进了国内无人机技术的迅速发展.从当前无人机应用过程中存在的问题入手,针对几个关键问题进行了简要论述,并提供了一些相应对策.     

浅谈SeaBat8125多波束测深系统应用问题及处理方法

介绍了SeaBat 8125多波束测深系统的基本组成,根据试验及实践经验,在应用方面对系统进行了研究,提出了存在的问题和解决的方法,总结了此系统的特点及应用前景。