Contribution of Secondary VOC to the Composition of Aqueous Atmospheric Particles: A Modeling Approach

Measurements show that 20–60% of the carbon mass present in fine atmospheric particulate matter consists of water soluble organic compounds (WSOC). However, only 5–20% of this WSOC has been identified, mainly as dicarboxylic acids. Because of their high solubility in water, multifunctional secondary compounds derived from the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are suspected to be key contributors to the WSOC. To test this assumption, an estimate of aqueous uptake of secondary VOC was included in a highly detailed gas-phase mechanism which treats explicitly the formation of the secondary VOC from a set of representative primary species. Simulations were conducted for 2 scenarios, representing typical rural and urban areas. It was observed that the uptake of secondary VOC can lead to WSOC mass concentrations in the range of a few C m^–3, in fairly good agreement with typical WSOC mass concentrations measured. Speciation of WSOC was found to be mainly as tri- or higher multifunctional hydroxy-carbonyl species and hydroxy-hydroperoxide-carbonyl species, in urban and rural environments, respectively. However, it was also found that taking into account only the absorption of secondary VOC does not bring the carboxylic acids mass concentration in agreement with measurements. An attempt was made to explain this discrepancy by introducing chemistry occurring within deliquescent aerosols.     

A preliminary quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in southern Mu Us sandy land at margin of Asian monsoon-dominated region during late Quaternary

We present the first quantitative estimation of monsoon precipitation during the late glacial-Holocene in the sandy land of northern China, based on organic carbon isotopic composition data from a loess-sand sequence at margin of the Mu Us sandy land. We use the relationship between monsoon precipitation and the carbon isotopic composition of modern soils as an analogue, with a minor modification, to reconstruct precipitation back to c. 47 ka ago. The preliminary results indicate that annual monsoon precipitation was high after 8 ka, with an average of 435 mm; and it decreased during 18 and 8 ka with a mean value of 194 mm. The precipitation value of 47-18 ka varied between the two. We compare the reconstructed precipitation with other records and paleoclimatic modeling results, showing that our record agrees with reconstructions of the monsoon precipitation from other sources, even capturing short climatic events such as the Younger Dryas. We suggest that solar irradiance, high-latitude temperature/ice volume and local evaporation have together modified moistures in the sandy land.     

四川盐边县红格钒钛磁铁矿矿石矿物及化学成分分布特征

红格矿区是我国目前最大的钒钛磁铁矿资源基地,其矿产资源储量丰富,伴生钒、钪、镓、铬、钴、镍、铜、硫等有用元素,具有较高的经济价值。通过系统分析矿区有益元素的赋存状态及分布规律表明:矿石中各种元素的相对含量以及含量的波动幅度,与矿石TFe、岩性和岩石组合高度相关。     

Polar ionospheric responses to solar wind IMF changes

Auroral and airglow emissions over Eureka (89° CGM) during the 1997/98 winter show striking variations in relation to solar wind IMF changes. The period January 19 to 22, 1998, was chosen for detailed study, as the IMF was particularly strong and variable. During most of the period, B_z was northward and polar arcs were observed. Several overpasses by DMSP satellites during the four day period provided a clear picture of the particle precipitation producing the polar arcs. The spectral character of these events indicated excitation by electrons of average energy 300 to 500 eV. Only occasionally were electrons of average energy up to 1 keV observed and these appeared transitory from the ground optical data. It is noted that polar arcs appear after sudden changes in IMF B_y, suggesting IMF control over arc initiation. When B_y is positive there is arc motion from dawn to dusk, while B_y is negative the motion is consistently dusk to dawn. F-region (anti-sunward) convections were monitored through the period from 630.0 nm emissions. The convection speed was low (100/150 m/s) when B_z was northward but increased to 500 m/s after B_z turned southward on January 20.     

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素环境意义讨论

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素广泛应用于第四纪气候环境变化的研究中,以往的大多数研究中无论是利用钙结核、次生碳酸盐还是成壤碳酸盐,认为其反映了C4植物的丰度。黄土高原碳酸盐碳同位素表现为黄土层高,古土壤层中低,即黄土层中C4植物丰度高于古土壤层。然而,这样的结果和黄土有机碳同位素得到的结果矛盾,有机碳同位素的结果表明温度对C4植物的分布起到了决定性作用。由于有机碳同位素对植物类型的反映更为直接而可靠,因此碳酸盐碳同位素反映C4植物丰度存在疑问。对黄土高原黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的系统概括后认为,第四纪期间黄土碳酸盐碳同位素与C4植物有直接联系,但C4植物丰度不是唯一决定性的因素,碳酸盐碳同位素的指示意义存在复杂性。在黄土高原地区,植被发育程度、与大气CO2交换程度、植被本身的碳同位素值的变化以及原生碳酸盐的影响等因素都会对碳酸盐碳同位素产生影响。由黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的讨论可延伸到不同土壤碳酸盐碳同位素揭示的环境指示意义,不同的土壤环境,其气候条件、植被类型及发育程度、大气CO2的交换情况、微生物的活动及土壤次生碳酸盐受原生碳酸盐溶解的影响等因素都会对碳同位素产生不同程度影响,哪种或哪几种因素产生主要作用,在不同区域土壤环境中是不一样的。具体研究中需确定影响的核心因素,才能确定碳同位素的环境指示意义。     

松辽盆地梨树断陷致密气储层特征研究

梨树断陷下白垩统油气资源量大,勘探程度低,储层埋藏深,岩性致密,主要为中-细粒砂岩,孔隙类型以粒间孔、粒内溶孔、晶间微孔为主,铸模孔、粒缘缝和破裂缝次之。本文主要从岩石成分和孔隙类型两个方面分析影响储层储集性的因素,认为长石含量是决定储层物性的主要因素,浊沸石在成岩阶段早期被溶蚀形成有利孔隙,成岩晚期大量高岭石的出现说明生烃过程的排酸作用改变了成岩环境,方解石胶结物的溶蚀改变了储层的渗透性。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年和硫同位素分析及其地质意义

瑶岗仙钨多金属矿田位于南岭成矿带中部,由瑶岗仙黑钨矿床、青山里铅锌矿床以及和尚滩白钨矿床组成。野外地质调查显示,这3个矿床空间相邻,矿体产状和控矿因素相近。利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年,获得瑶岗仙黑钨矿床与和尚滩白钨矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄分别为(158±1.2)Ma(n=7,MSWD=1.3)和(160±3.3)Ma(n=6,MSWD=2.7),表明两种钨矿化是同期形成的,与瑶岗仙复式岩体的成岩事件在时空上吻合,是南岭地区第2次大规模成矿事件的典型代表。3个矿床的矿石矿物(黄铁矿、闪锌矿、辉钼矿)δ34S值介于-1.8‰~+1.4‰之间,分布集中且接近零值,表明成矿物质来源于岩浆。综合上述特征,这3个矿床系同一岩浆成矿作用,在成矿岩体不同距离、不同部位发生不同类型金属矿化的产物。     

闽中地区铅锌矿床辉石成分特征及其成因意义

文章在研究闽中地区铅锌矿床蚀变矿物组合的基础上,将辉石矿物的化学成分与典型矽卡岩Pb_Zn矿床的辉石成分进行了对比,认为该区铅锌矿床的辉石与典型矽卡岩中的辉石类似,为透辉石和钙铁辉石,富锰,具有远温端矽卡岩辉石的特征。因此推论本区铅锌矿床大部分类似于矽卡岩型Pb_Zn矿床,少数为受断裂控制的热液脉型矿床,是海底火山喷发沉积形成的初始矿源层经变质作用、燕山期构造_岩浆热液顺层交代、强烈叠加改造或活化并重新定位的矿床。     

海洋的稳定氯同位素组成

用Cs2Cl+正热电高质谱法,测定了海洋中不同区域表层海水样品的稳定氯同位素组成。结果表明海洋中的δ37Cl值并非均匀一致,尤其在高经度地区变化明显。δ37Cl值的变化与海水的盐度和所处的经度有一定机关性。建议使用一个统一确定的海水样品做为稳定氯同位素地球化学研究的氯同位素标准参考物质。