大兴安岭中部第四纪火山岩中石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体的初步研究

大兴安岭中部的绰尔河-哈拉河地区分布有近30座第四纪火山,初步分为更新世火山和全新世火山两期。火山岩中含有丰富的尖晶石橄榄岩和石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体,石榴石橄榄岩的类型主要是石榴石二辉橄榄岩。根据绰尔河新鲜的石榴石二辉橄榄岩P-T平衡条件估计（1164℃,2．36GPa）,其形成深度约76km。这与中国东部其它地方四相共存的石榴石二辉橄榄岩类似,区别于五相共存的尖晶石／石榴石二辉橄榄岩形成条件（〈70km）,证实它们是来自尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变带之下深度超过70km的石榴石橄榄岩稳定区。     

The isotopic composition of zircon and garnet: A record of the metamorphic history of Naxos, Greece

Growth of zircon with respect to that of garnet has been studied using a combination of petrography, U–Pb dating and oxygen isotope analysis. The aim is to document the mechanism and pressure–temperature conditions of zircon growth during metamorphism in order to better constrain the Tertiary metamorphic history of Naxos, Greece. Two metamorphisms are recognised: (1) an Eocene Franciscan metamorphism (M1) and (2) a widespread Miocene Barrovian metamorphism (M2) that increases from greenschist facies up to partial melting. An amphibolite sample contains zircon crystals characterised by a magmatic core and two metamorphic rims, denoted as A and B, dated at 200–270, 42–69, and 14–19 Ma, respectively. The first metamorphic rim A (δ¹⁸O = 7 ± 1‰) preserves the δ¹⁸O value of the magmatic core (6.2 ± 0.8‰), whereas rim B is characterised by higher δ¹⁸O values (7.8 ± 1.8‰). These observations indicate the formation of A rims by solid-state recrystallisation in a closed system with regard to oxygen and those of B in an open system. Compositional zoning in garnet is interpreted as the result of decompressional heating. Zircon B rims and garnet rims display similar δ¹⁸O values which indicates a contemporaneous growth of garnet and zircon rims during the Miocene Barrovian event (M2). Calcic gneiss and metapelite samples contain zircon crystals with single metamorphic overgrowths aged 41–57 Ma. δ¹⁸O values measured in zircon overgrowths (11.8 ± 1.4‰) from the calcic gneiss are similar to those measured in garnet rims (11.4 ± 1.1‰) from the same rock. This suggests that garnet rims and zircon overgrowths grew during the high pressure–low temperature event in equilibrium with prograde fluids. In the metapelite sample, δ¹⁸O values are similar in garnet cores (14.8 ± 0.2‰) and in zircon metamorphic overgrowths (14.2 ± 0.5‰). As zircon overgrowths have been dated at ca. 50 Ma by U–Pb, garnet cores and zircon overgrowths are interpreted to have grown during the high pressure event.

As demonstrated here for the island of Naxos, correlating the crystallisation of zircon with that of metamorphic index minerals such as garnet using stable isotope composition and U–Pb determination is a powerful tool for deciphering the mechanism of zircon growth and pin-pointing zircon crystallisation within the metamorphic history of a terrain. This approach is potentially hampered by an inability to verify the degree of textural equilibrium of zircon with other mineral phases, and the possible preservation (in metamorphic rims) of isotopic signatures from pre-existing zircon when they form by recrystallisation. Nevertheless, this study illustrates the application of this approach in providing key constraints on the timing and mechanism of growth of minerals important to understanding metamorphic petrogenesis.     

东喜马拉雅构造结石榴角闪岩变质作用P-T-t轨迹:相平衡模拟与锆石年代学

东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦杂岩由多种类型的高级变质岩组成,包括片岩、片麻岩、大理岩、石榴角闪岩和基性麻粒岩。石榴角闪岩呈透镜状产出在片麻岩中,可见不连续分布的规模不等的浅色体。石榴角闪岩由石榴石、角闪石、黑云母、斜长石、石英、金红石、钛铁矿和榍石组成,石榴石变斑晶可见由浅色矿物组成的"白眼圈"。岩相学、矿物化学和相平衡模拟表明石榴角闪岩经历了一条顺时针型的P-T演化轨迹,可划分为两个阶段:(Ⅰ)升温升压的进变质阶段,由石榴石和斜长石斑晶记录,峰期矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+黑云母+斜长石+石英+金红石+钛铁矿。运用石榴石变斑晶边部和斜长石变斑晶边部成分在视剖面图上的投点确定出峰期温压条件为~11.5kbar、790℃,达到了高压麻粒岩相条件,并经历了部分熔融,产生至少9%的熔体;(Ⅱ)降温降压的退变质阶段,由石榴石边部"白眼圈"冠状体记录。运用平均温压法计算冠状体中黑云母+斜长石+角闪石+石榴石组合的形成温压条件为~7kbar、~750℃。该阶段金红石消失,熔体结晶,并与早期矿物发生回反应。在石榴石角闪岩的锆石中获得了从29.2Ma到10.2Ma的连续变质年龄。由于锆石通常在熔体结晶过程中生长,因此确定该组年龄代表石榴石角闪岩退变质年龄。本文和以前的研究结果表明,南迦巴瓦杂岩中的高温和中温麻粒岩相亚单元具有相似的降温降压P-T轨迹,但高温单元具有较高的变质压力条件,表明其俯冲到了更大的深度。     

冀西北万全地区大麻坪地幔岩包体高温高压弹性波研究及其地质意义

对河北大麻坪碱性玄武岩及其内的辉石岩和二辉橄榄岩包体进行了不同温压条件下的弹性波速测定。结果表明,岩石波速与压力正相关,与温度负相关;相同条件下二辉橄榄岩的弹性波速最大,辉石岩次之,玄武岩最小。在1.4GPa压力下获得二辉橄榄岩和辉石岩的弹性波速分别为7.87km/s和7.47km/s,最接近壳幔过渡带的弹性波速。而现代地球物理资料显示该地区莫霍面深度为32km,认为26Ma以来,该地区发生了大规模的岩石圈减薄地质事件。     

Recalibration of mutually consistent garnet–biotite and garnet–cordierite geothermometers

Garnet–biotite and garnet–cordierite geothermometers have been consistently calibrated, using the results of Fe²⁺–Mg cation exchange experiments and utilizing recently evaluated nonideal mixing properties of garnet. Nonideal mixing parameters of biotite (including Fe, Mg, Al^VI, and Ti) and of cordierite (involving Fe and Mg) are evaluated in terms of iterative multiple least-square regressions of the experimental results. Assuming the presence of ferric Fe in biotite in relation to the coexisting Fe-oxide phases (Case A), and assuming the absence of ferric Fe in biotite (Case B), two formulae of garnet–biotite thermometer have been derived. The garnet–cordierite geothermometer was constructed using Margules parameters of garnet adopted in the garnet–biotite geothermometers. The newly calibrated garnet–biotite and garnet–cordierite thermometers clearly show improved conformity in the calculated temperatures. The thermometers give temperatures that are consistent with each other using natural garnet–biotite–cordierite assemblages within ±50 °C. The effects of ferric Fe in biotite on garnet–biotite thermometry have been evaluated comparing the two calibrations of the thermometer. The effects are significant; it is clarified that taking ferric Fe content in biotite into account leads to less dispersion of thermometric results.     

地幔矿物中CO2流体包裹体的微量元素特征

本文在镜下观测基础上，挑选富含CO2包裹体的地幔橄榄岩的橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石样品，运用热爆法提取和ICP—MS技术，直接测定了单矿物中CO2流体包裹体的稀土和微量元素含量。在同样条件下，采用四极质谱法测定了CO2等气相成分，并以CO2含量为参考值，得出流体中的微量元素相对含量。热爆样品的显微镜观测表明，靠近颗粒表面的较大的CO2包裹体在1000℃爆裂时均已破裂，所测定的REE和其他微量元素主要来自CO2包裹体。CO2流体／球粒陨石标准化的REE数据表明，地幔CO2流体相对于地幔岩或地幔矿物而言，富集稀土元素，特别是轻稀土元素，LREE／HREE为1．53～11．96，REE分馏程度较大，(La／Yb)N一般大于1。CO2流体／上地幔岩石标准化值研究表明，除Co、Ni外，铁族元素在地幔流体中趋于贫化；Cu、Mo、W、Bi、Ag等热液矿床的重金属成矿元素在地幔CO2流体中富集。     

Diffusion-controlled biotite breakdown reaction textures at the solid/liquid transition in the continental crust

Two-phase quartz intergrowths with garnet, cordierite and tourmaline occur commonly in prograde high-temperature migmatites, granulites, as well as in the last crystallization stages of biotite granites. Structural, microtextural and mineralogical data show that they result from the breakdown of biotite in the presence of a melt phase associated with incongruent dissolution of feldspars into the melt and silica release (giving quartz in silica saturated rocks). Biotite breakdown and growth of Al-rich ferromagnesian minerals, occurring at the solid–liquid transition in the crust (early melting or final crystallization), is kinetically controlled by Fe and Mg mass transport, the network-forming cations Si and Al being locally compensated for by feldspar dissolution/crystallization. This process leads to significant changes with respect to equilibrium dehydration-melting reactions wherein quartz is a reactant and K-feldspar a reaction product. Therefore, quartz inclusions commonly occurring in garnets from granulite-facies metapelites and metagraywackes are not simply grains passively included during garnet growth. They may also correspond to newly crystallized phases. Resorption of feldspar may lead to more alkaline melt and to crystalline residue richer in Al than expected under equilibrium conditions. Hence, excess alumina in granulite-facies rocks is not necessarily related to initial alumina-rich whole-rock compositions (as currently considered), but may be due, at least partly, to kinetics of melting.     

恒山西段石榴石角闪岩和麻粒岩的变质作用、PT轨迹及构造意义

恒山西段广泛发育石榴石角闪岩和麻粒岩包体,石榴石斑晶的生长环带都完好地保留,甚至晚期的麻粒岩相变质条件也未使其破坏,显示了快速的构造过程和有限的热松弛。石榴石核心保存了早期高压角闪岩相的矿物组合和矿物化学特征,变质作用条件为６００—６５０℃和大约１１ ＧＰａ。随后,石榴石麻粒岩的变质温度和压力继续上升,达到高压麻粒岩相,大约为８１０℃和１２５ ＧＰａ。两类岩石变质作用的晚期都经历了特殊的减压升温过程,显示典型的顺时针ＰＴ 轨迹。因此可以推断,恒山西段在太古宙末或早元古代很可能经历了某种形式的大陆俯冲或碰撞过程,并且随后发育逆冲和一系列壳内变形剪切等。     

湖北枣阳大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体与金红石矿床成因

湖北省北部枣阳市境内的大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体主要由未变质的纯橄岩和橄长岩组成,伴生变质的石榴石角闪石岩、石榴石钠黝帘石角闪石岩和角闪石钠黝帘石岩.杂岩体的围岩为大理岩.该岩体中的金红石矿床产于变质的石榴石角闪石岩或蚀变的石榴石角闪石岩中.橄长岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年结果表明镁铁/超镁铁质岩体的成岩年龄约为600Ma.变质的岩石和未变质的岩石几乎具有完全相同的地球化学特征,表明前者的原岩应为橄长岩,整个岩体是一个分异的镁铁/超镁铁侵入体.金红石赋存于角闪石解理中等岩相特征表明矿床的含矿岩石就是石榴石角闪石岩,不是由石榴石辉石岩退变质形成的;且其中的石榴石为钙铁榴石,不是富镁、富铝的与高压/超高压作用有关的石榴石.金红石矿床的形成和岩体的局部变质应该与由北向南的近水平推覆构造有关,动力变质作用提供的热和流体,结合推覆过程中的变形作用,导致围岩大理岩和镁铁质岩体发生交代作用,形成石榴石角闪石岩和金红石矿床.     

北淮阳变质单元中“浅变质”带——佛子岭群主期变质条件和碎屑锆石年代学探究

佛子岭群为北淮阳变质单元的重要组成部分,其位于大别碰撞造山带最北缘,处于扬子和华北板块的结合部位,构造位置极为关键。长期以来,佛子岭群一直被视为扬子板块北缘沉积产物,并以加积楔形式产出。然而,随着年代学和构造地质学的研究的深入,对其构造归属和形成动力学机制产生了差异性认识,究其原因主要是对佛子岭群变质属性缺乏准确的判定所致。为此,本研究对佛子岭群展开了详细的野外观测和区域变质岩石学研究,以及岩相学、热力学和年代学分析。研究表明佛子岭群构成较为复杂,主体由细粒的云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩和石榴云母片岩构成。主期变质PT条件评价显示,其温压范围为610～620℃和0. 9～1. 0GPa,普遍经历了中-高压角闪岩相变质,并非为"浅"变质产物,并卷入了较深层次的俯冲-折返过程。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,佛子岭群年龄跨度较大,范围为3101±48Ma～413±9Ma,可分为5组年龄,年龄峰值分别为2537Ma、1567Ma、940Ma、749Ma和440Ma,显示了华北和扬子板块混合物源特征,最年轻的年龄峰值暗示其形成于早古生代晚期。