Effects of ultrafiltration on salt migration and isotopic composition of pore water in groundwater depression area in Hengshui,NCP

Clay aquitards are semipermeable membranes that allow groundwater flow while retarding solute migration has been researched extensively but also subjected to much debate. At present, there is no evidence of whether the physical and chemical properties of clay soil and the isotopic composition of pore water affect the semipermeable membrane effect. In this study, we collected clay samples from drilling cores (30–90 m) in the Hengshui area located in the North China Plain (NCP), then extracted pore water using a high-pressure squeezing device. Vertical hydrochemical and isotopic profile variation trends for the pore water were revealed using hydrochemical (Cl⁻, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄²⁻) and stable isotopic measurements of H, O and Cl. The results showed that the hydrochemical clay interlayer pore water of the saline aquifer is Cl/SO₄-Na/Mg type and the average total dissolved solids (TDS) are 10.17 g/L. However, the hydrochemical clay aquitard pore water is of the Cl/SO₄-Na/Ca type with an average TDS of 1.90 g/L. The hydrochemical clay interlayer pore water of aquifer II is of Cl-Na/Ca type with an average TDS of 1.10 g/L. Our results showed that the water quality of the aquifer II is not affected by the upper part of the saline aquifer, thus the clay aquitard acts as a significant barrier to salt movement. A polarization layer concentrated in ions was formed between the upper part of the saline aquifer and the clay aquitard. The concentration polarization layer increases the salt-inhibition effect. H, O and Cl isotopic composition results showed significant fractionation. The pore water of aquifer II lacked heavy isotopes (²H, ¹⁸O, ³⁷Cl), but had significant heavy isotope enrichment in the concentrated polarized layer (the δ²H value was −76‰, the δ¹⁸O value was −8.4‰, and the δ³⁷Cl value was 1.59‰). Hyperfiltration thus played a significant role in isotope fractionation.     

新疆库车坳陷侏罗系碎屑岩中粘土矿物粒径研究

选取库车坳陷侏罗系阿合组—齐古组的碎屑岩样品,采用跟进与离心相结合的方式将岩样进行5级分离,对分离后岩样SEM(EDS)分析观察到不同粒径粘土矿物的形貌特征。在20～2μm范围内的样品中,可见片状碎屑粘土矿物;在<2μm的样品中可见自生粘土矿物,以集合体形式存在。对不同粒级的粘土XRD分析表明,该区碎屑岩的主要粘土矿物类型为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层,伊蒙混层主要出现在<0.2μm范围内。高岭石的含量随着岩样粒度的变粗呈现上升的趋势,而伊利石则相反。在气候温暖潮湿的早侏罗世和中侏罗世早期,高岭石的含量相对高;在气候干旱的中侏罗世晚期及晚侏罗世,高岭石的含量减少,伊利石则呈现相反趋势。区分不同成因的粘土矿物可以为进一步研究这一地区的沉积环境、成岩演化历史提供有力依据。     

盐城坳陷上第三系海侵层初见

盐城坳陷上第三系海侵层初见陈希祥（江苏省地矿局第二水文地质队，江苏淮阴，２２３００５）关键词上第三系，海侵，盐城坳陷，盐城，江苏本文据钻孔地层编录及百余个微体古生物样品测试资料的分析对比，确认了苏北坳陷区盐城坳陷上第三系海侵层的存在。海侵层沉积、生物...     

汤原断陷古近系剥蚀量恢复及原型盆地构造格局

汤原断陷构造复杂,后期改造强烈,原型盆地认识不清,导致原始沉积沉降中心不明确,制约了油气勘探的进展。本文从剥蚀量计算入手,分别采用镜质体反射率（R_o）法和地层趋势法,对宝泉岭组、达连河组及新安村组的地层剥蚀量进行计算,结合地震及构造特征,并利用地质建模技术恢复了不同时期的原型盆地形态,通过计算恢复认为：新安村组时期,原始厚度最厚发育在东部边界断裂下降盘,沉积沉降中心被断陷中部低凸起分为南北两个部分,此时期沉积沉降中心位于断陷东部边界断裂中段;达连河组时期,早期的两个沉积沉降中心逐渐合并为一个,断陷西部、南部出现规模较小的沉降带,最厚处依然位于东部断裂带下降盘,而沉积沉降中心迁移至东部边界断裂北段;宝泉岭组时期,早期的两个沉积沉降中心完全合并为一个,断陷西部的沉降带规模扩大,形成一东一西的两个主要沉积沉降中心,沉积沉降中心由一个变为两个。在此基础上,明确了原型盆地格局形态及不同时期沉积沉降中心分布及迁移过程。     

Effect of sea-level lowering on ELA depression during the LGM

Decreases in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) varied geographically during the last glacial maximum (LGM), with a mid-range value of ~ 900 m commonly deduced from altitude ratio and accumulation–area ratio calculations. Sea level, however, was 120 m lower during the LGM, so the ELA lowering relative to sea level would only be 780 m for a 900-m absolute lowering. With a lapse rate of 0.006°C m⁻¹, this implies a 4.7°C lowering of global temperature. It has been argued that this correction for sea-level change is unnecessary, but the logic on which this is based requires adiabatic compression to apply over much longer time scales than is typically invoked. We find that the correction is necessary. In addition, geometric changes in the atmosphere during the LGM, pointed out by Osmaston (2006), could lead to 0.4°C decrease in the average temperature of the troposphere. Additionally, orographic effects could significantly change the snow distribution on mountain masses near sea level.     

Reservoir Porosity Evolution Characteristics and Evaluation of the Jurassic Deep Reservoir from Dibei in Kuqa Depression: Insight from Diagenesis Modeling Experiments Under the Influence of Burial Mode

In this study, using an independently developed diagenetic physical modeling system, we conducted a series of diagenesis physical modeling experiments to simulate reservoir physical property of the Jurassic coarse sandstone from Dibei in Kuqa depression. These experiments reproduced the geological process of early, long-term, shallow burial and subsequent rapid, deep burial, and late tectonic uplift. As the gradual increasing of the simulated temperature, pressure, depth and the continuous strengthening of the compaction, intragranular irregular cracks appeared in quartz, and secondary dissolution could be more easily discovered in feldspar; Porosity, pore throat and K, Na, Ca, Al, Si, Ti, Mn in diagenetic fluid all showed significant evolution and regularity; Calcite, quartz, I/S mixed layer and chlorite were commonly found in modeling samples. At the depth of 3 000~6 500 m, accompanied by strong dissolution, pore diameter and throat diameter reached the maximum, and calcite cementation and quartz overgrowth also increased quickly. At the tectonic uplift stage of 5 000~4 500 m, under the influence of temperature and pressure relief, sandstone porosity began to rebound, and feldspar and rock debris were obviously dissolved under the acidic water from hydrocarbon charging. The formation of effective reservoirs in Western China’s oil and gas basins can be deeply influenced by the factors of dissolution, the process of early, long-term, shallow burial and subsequent rapid, deep burial, and late tectonic uplift, lateral extrusion and cracks induced by tectonic action.     

广西盛夏西南涡暴雨特征及应用数值预报产品作落区预报的研究

通过对广西盛夏西南涡暴雨的天气学特征分析及暴雨落区预报着眼点的探讨,应用T106、欧洲中心数值预报等产品,采用建立预报模型及相似预报,物理量场动力诊断等方法,建立客观、定量的预报业务系统,用于业务预报。     

南海低压倾斜结构的特征分析

南海低压的中心的垂直方向上常发生倾斜，高低层的环流中心出现明显错位。如果预报员只关注卫星云图的云团动态，往往会得到低压中层环流中心的错误信息，使预报失败。因此对南海低压的预报更需要关注其低层环流的动态，特别在云团或风速极不对称致使低压环流可能出现转向时，或靠近陆地时都会出现云团和低层环流明显的倾斜，使南海低压的路径（特别是靠岸时）更复杂多变，需要谨慎分析各种资料信息，综合判断才能作出准确的预报。本文的工作旨在为南海低压的预报提供一些经验参考。     

The preliminary study on active faults and paleo-earthquakes in the north fringe of Kashi depression

1 Regional tectonic setting and activity Located at the junction of three tectonic units, i.e. the South Tianshan, Pamir and Tarim, the north fringe of Kashi depression is one of the regions with strongest seismic activity in the Chinese mainland.     

北部湾海域地震构造背景研究

本文从构造背景、断裂构造、地球物理场、地震活动性和震源机制等方面,分析了北部湾双震的发震构造条件,认为北东东向的乌石凹陷边界断裂为主要发震构造,而北西向断裂仅起到应力集中和调节作用。同时本文还认为,北部湾盆地内的地震活动主要与晚新生代沉降中心相关,且次级凹陷——北东-北东东向边界断裂是重要的发震构造,而其较大弧度的转折部位或与北西向断裂交汇部位是重要的发震部位。