A New Triple-Moment Blowing Snow Model

This paper presents a new triple-moment blowing snow model PIEKTUK-T by including predictive equations for three moments of the gamma size distribution. Specifically, predictive equations for the total number concentration, total mass mixing ratio, and total radar reflectivity for blowing snow are included. Tests in the context of idealized experiments and observed case studies demonstrate that the triple-moment model performs better than the double-moment model PIEKTUK-D in predicting the evolution of the number concentration, mixing ratio, shape parameter, and visibility in blowing snow, provided that the fall velocities for the total number concentration, mass mixing ratio, and radar reflectivity are weighted by the same order of the respective moments in both models. The power law relationship between the radar reflectivity factor and particle extinction coefficient found in PIEKTUK-T is consistent with one observed in snow storms. Coupling of the triple-moment blowing snow model to an atmospheric model would allow realistic studies of the effect of blowing snow on weather and climate.     

瞬变电磁法在准噶尔盆地南缘东部台28井区近地表调查中的应用

瞬变电磁法(TEM)是近年来国内外发展速度较快、应用效果较好的一种电磁方法,由于其施工便利、成本低廉、工作效率高、应用效果明显等优点,已广泛应用于金属、煤炭、地下水等矿藏勘查.该方法应用于地震勘探中的表层结构调查,虽不能直接得到近地表地质体岩性信息.但可通过连续观测获取不同岩性间电性差异信息,根据电性相对关系得到准确的近地表地质体形态和岩性分布规律,为地震资料后续处理提供可靠的静校正量.瞬变电磁法勘探深度由浅层5 m到中深层300 m左右.准噶尔盆地南缘东部台28井区勘探实例表明,通过电性分层、小折射和地震微测井成果资料综合解释,在表层结构建模和计算静校正量方面取得良好效果.     

The strongest cosmic magnets: soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars

Two classes of X-ray pulsars, the anomalous X-ray pulsars and the soft gamma-ray repeaters, have been recognized in the last decade as the most promising candidates for being magnetars: isolated neutron stars powered by magnetic energy. I review the observational properties of these objects, focussing on the most recent results, and their interpretation in the magnetar model. Alternative explanations, in particular those based on accretion from residual disks, are also considered. The possible relations between these sources and other classes of neutron stars and astrophysical objects are also discussed.     

综合测井资料在研究油气藏沉积相中的应用--以川口油田长六油层组为例

利用测井资料来评价或解释沉积相的方法称为测井相分析．测井资料与沉积学结合形成的测井相分析在研究油气藏沉积相和圈定砂体方面发挥着重要作用．利用综合测井资料物性曲线的形状、幅度、数值大小,建立不同沉积相与测井曲线之间的函数对应关系,分析不同沉积相的测井曲线特征,并对不同沉积相的岩性所对应的测井曲线形态分别进行描述．从单井分析剖面对比区域研究三个层次研究油气藏沉积相,勾画出主砂体的形态和展布方向,在此基础上,讨论了川口油气藏长6油层组油气藏与沉积相之间的关系,研究认为河道沉积是该区油田勘探和开发的首选区带．     

应用可变T2截止值确定束缚水饱和度

为了得到准确的束缚水饱和度数据,以T2截止值模型为基础,分别用基于经验固定T2截止值、经验可变T2截止值及渗透率Coates模型的可变T2截止值3种方法确定束缚水饱和度,利用常规岩心分析实验数据验证其计算精度.结果表明,基于渗透率Coates模型的可变T2截止值计算核磁束缚水饱和度精度最高,与常规岩心分析束缚水饱和度平均相对误差为9.5%,而且此方法可确定Coates模型中的地区经验系数C、m、n,提高了核磁渗透率的计算精度.     

FMI测井技术在川东北地区碳酸盐岩溶孔溶洞型储层评价中的应用

碳酸盐岩储层储集空间复杂多样,溶蚀孔洞发育且具有较强非均质性。根据实际岩心表面溶孔发育空间位置、均匀程度和溶孔直径,结合FMI特征,建立了FMI储层类型精细解释图版,并应用于非取心段储层类型的解释。川东北地区下三叠统飞仙关组、上二叠统长兴组的孔洞型储层可细分为三类:较连通型储层、局部连通型储层和孤立型储层。在储层类型解释基础上,结合FMI特征半定量地计算溶孔面孔率。通过取心井的验证,FMI测井技术可有效地应用于评价溶孔溶洞型碳酸盐岩储层的非均质性。     

电位测井视电阻率变化分形理论的分析研究

从实际测井资料入手,对视电阻率资料进行整理,发现同一地层电阻率ρs存在规律性变化,其变化规律符合现有的电位测井理论:电位与电极距具有指数关系,且指数小于1。从理论上对该变化规律做进一步的分析,发现不同等势面的导电面面积,呈现出非线性变化,符合分形规律。视电阻率之所以存在规律性变化,是电场穿透地层后导致其非线性变化而产生的。     

新疆三塘湖盆地石头梅地区芦草沟组油页岩测井响应特征及识别模型

为了研究三塘湖盆地石头梅地区油页岩测井响应特征,建立油页岩测井识别模型,基于样品测试数据和钻井测井数据分析,开展了油页岩特征分析、测井响应特征和ΔlogR模型搭建。研究表明,三塘湖盆地石头梅地区油页岩有机质丰度高,成熟度低,有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,含油率中等。与围岩相比,油页岩具有高电阻率、高声波时差、低密度、高自然伽马的特征。泥岩的总有机碳(TOC)与电阻率和声波时差具有很好的相关性,利用2条曲线的叠合,建立了ΔlogR的计算公式。在此基础上,对TOC和ΔlogR进行耦合,建立了TOC的测井识别模型。油页岩的含油率与TOC具有良好的相关性,根据含油率和TOC的相关公式及TOC和ΔlogR的相关公式,建立了基于ΔlogR的油页岩含油率测井识别模型。基于此模型获得的预测的含油率与实测含油率相关系数可达0.86,具有较好的相关性,可为研究区后续油页岩的识别和老井资料的使用提供依据。     

页岩气测井评价方法及应用

利用测井资料对页岩气进行评价有两方面的内容,一是页岩的识别,即利用页岩在测井曲线上的异常响应特征,确定页岩层的位置与厚度;二是对页岩气储层进行评价,有机碳（TOC）含量是评价页岩气的重要参数,利用ΔlgR技术,可以快速有效的计算页岩层的有机碳（TOC）含量。实例表明利用测井方法并结合地球化学实验资料,可以对页岩气进行有效评价及预测。     

Estimation on organic carbon content of source rocks by logging evaluation method as exemplified by those of the 4th and 3rd members of the Shahejie Formation in western sag of the Liaohe Oilfield

One of the most important tasks of evaluating natural resources of petroliferous basins is to determine the organic matter abundance of source rocks in the basin.The usual method for assessing the organic carbon content of source rocks is based on laboratory analyses.There is a deviation in calculating organic carbon content due to the heterogeneous distribution of organic matter and the artificial factors when sampling.According to the continuous characteristics of information logging,the conventional logging curves(mainly acoustics and resistivity,etc.) were calibrated with the organic carbon experimental data of cores,cuttings or sidewall cores.The organic carbon content of source rocks of the 4 th(Es 4) and 3 rd(Es 3) members of the Shahejie Formation in western sag in the Liaohe depression was estimated directly by a great amount of continuous data including resistivity and acoustic logging,etc.Comparison between the results from computer processing and lab analysis of logging data shows that the organic carbon contents derived from the computer processing of logging data have the same reliability and accuracy as the lab analysis results.The present data show that this method is suitable to evaluate the source rocks of western sag in the Liaohe depression and has great potential in evaluating natural resources of sedimentary basins in the future.On the basis of logging data of source rocks,experimental data and existing geochemical analyses of the Liaohe Oilfield,the corresponding total organic carbon(TOC) isograms of source rocks were plotted.The source rocks of Es 4 and Es 3 of the Shahejie Formation are thought to be beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulation due to the high TOC.