从“肺-肠”轴理论浅析运用大黄治疗小儿哮喘

“肺-肠”轴理论实为“肺与大肠相表里”的现代延伸,是连接肺部与肠道的双向轴。近年来研究表明,肠道菌群参与多种肺系疾病,如支气管哮喘、过敏性咳嗽等。在“肺-肠”轴的调节下,肠道菌群的改变对于呼吸道变应性疾病的发生及转归都起着重要作用。临床常见的哮喘患儿多为痰瘀互结,治疗时在使用降肺平喘的药物的基础上佐以通调腑气、活血化瘀之大黄,能起到维持肠道菌群稳定的作用,即通过运用中药调节肠道菌群而达到肺病治肠的目的。     

基于粗糙集与犹豫层次分析的北极东北航道风险评估

运用风险分析理论和方法,以北极东北航道6个关键海峡为研究目标,构建东北航道自然环境风险评价指标体系;针对全球气候变暖以及海冰融化背景下北极东北航道航行安全问题,引入犹豫层次分析方法确定指标主观权重、采用粗糙集思想来确定客观权重,集成得到组合权重。基于所建风险分析模型,对其中3个关键海峡的自然环境风险进行了量化评估和时空特征分析,同时计算了2013年8月份6个关键海峡的风险度,模拟了一条最优通航线路并与同时期永盛号轮船的实际航行线路进行了比对。研究表明:(1)2000-2014年东北航道3个关键海峡自然环境风险均呈现减小趋势,红军海峡自然环境风险减小趋势最大;(2)对比3个海峡海峡自然环境风险度,德朗海峡最低,维利基茨基海峡次之,二者均适合通航;红军海峡风险度最高,且不适宜通航;(3)模型模拟路线与实际航线较吻合,对实时航行路线的选择有参考意义。     

关于召开“中国东部和海域地质特征与资源及环境学术研讨会”的通知(第一号)

当前,全国地质行业都在为实现国家矿产资源立足国内为主的战略方针积极规划部署,各部门的地质工作者都在为实现358找矿突破努力拼搏。中国东部和海域矿产资源丰富、矿种繁多,在实现国家矿产资源立足国内为主的战略目标中具有重要作用。中国东部大陆的地质矿产研究程度虽然比西部地区相对较高,但仍然存在一些重要的基础地质和成矿理论问题。而与大陆地质构造相连的广阔的大陆架海域,由于全面研究起步较晚,其研究程度尚较低。为了提高东部和海域地区基础地质研究程度、促进358找矿突破,将于2013年10月在青岛市召开中国东部和海域地质特征与资源及环境学术研讨会。现将会议的有关事项通知如下:     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of obfique wave action on vertical walls

A three-dimensional numerical model based on the potential theory was developed to study the oblique wave action on vertical walls. A source term inside the domain was used to generate incident waves and outgoing waves were dissipated by sponge layers and transmitted by radiation boundaries. The finite difference method was used to solve the governing equations and boundary conditions in the regular transformed domain in σ-coordinate. Satisfactory agreements between the numerical predictions and experimental results of wave force were obtained. It is concluded that the maximum wave force acting on the vertical walls is induced by the obliquely incident waves rather than the normally incident waves.     

考虑发电机尾流作用的潮流能理论可开发量的评估

In this study, we construct one 2–dimensional tidal simulation, using an unstructured Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model(FVCOM). In the 2–D model, we simulated the tidal turbines through adding additional bottom drag in the element where the tidal turbines reside. The additional bottom drag was calculated from the relationship of the bottom friction dissipation and the rated rotor efficiency of the tidal energy turbine. This study analyzed the effect of the tidal energy turbine to the hydrodynamic environment, and calculated the amount of the extractable tidal energy resource at the Guishan Hangmen Channel, considering the rotor wake effect.     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on hydrodynamic performance of propeller with varying shaft depths

In order to study hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in the free surface, the numerical simulation and open-water experiments are carried out with varying shaft depths of propeller. The influences of shaft depths of a propeller on thrust and torque coefficient in calm water are mainly studied. Meanwhile, this paper also studies the propeller air-ingestion under special working conditions by experiment and theoretical calculation method, and compares the calculation results and experimental results. The results prove that the theoretical calculation model used in this paper can imitate the propeller air-ingestion successfully. The successful phenomenon simulation provides an essential theoretical basis to understand the physical essence of the propeller air-ingestion.     

围海造陆工程泄水口悬浮物扩散规律分析

掌握围海造陆工程泄水口悬浮物扩散规律,对保护海洋水环境质量具有重要意义。选取围海造陆工程泄水口为研究对象,基于泥沙对流扩散方程,推求出泄水口悬浮物扩散平面二维分析解表达式。开展现场观测,确定泄水口源强取值,并对泄水口悬浮物扩散进行理论计算和分析。研究结果显示,围海造陆工程施工后期,泄水口悬浮物流失非常严重。泄水口附近水域出现的最大悬浮物浓度主要由源强的大小来决定,悬浮物扩散范围主要由流速的大小来控制。     

海冰对北极海冰边缘区大洋光学观测的影响评估

Diffuse attenuation coefficient(DAC) of sea water is an important parameter in ocean thermodynamics and biology, reflecting the absorption capability of sea water in different layers. In the Arctic Ocean, however, sea ice affects the radiance/irradiance measurements of upper ocean, which results in obvious errors in the DAC calculation. To better understand the impacts of sea ice on the ocean optics observations, a series of in situ experiments were carried out in the summer of 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea. Observational results show that the profiles of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients of seawater near ice cover within upper surface of 50 m were not contaminated by the sea ice with a solar zenith angle of 55°, relative azimuth angle of 110°≤φ≤115° and horizontal distance between the sensors and ice edge of greater than 25 m. Based on geometric optics theory, the impact of ice cover could be avoided by adjusting the relative solar azimuth angle in a particular distance between the instrument and ice. Under an overcast sky, ice cover being 25 m away from sensors did not affect the profiles of spectral DACs within the upper 50 m either. Moreover, reliable spectral DACs of seawater could be obtained with sensors completely covered by sea ice.     

雷达VIL在局地强对流天气应用中应注意的几个问题

结合兰州新一代天气雷达的使用情况,介绍了其物理量产品中垂直积分液态含水量(Verti-cally Integrated L iqu id W ater Content,)的理论计算模式,从雷达观测距离对VIL计算的影响、VIL理论模式中的反射率强度和探测高度对VIL计算的影响及VIL在强对流天气识别中受季节变化的影响3方面提出了思考,以期为今后应用VIL识别强对流天气提供参考。     

大理岩破坏的声发射双主频特征及其机制初探

因试样制备、试验操作等限制,获得饱和岩石的直接拉伸强度较为困难。为对饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度进行合理估算并验证其可靠性,同时分析水对估算误差的影响,设计完成了干燥、饱和状态下两种硬岩的单轴压缩和直接拉伸声发射试验。基于Griffith理论和Hoek-Brown(H-B)强度准则,通过裂纹体积应变法确定岩石起裂应力,估算饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度和H-B强度参数m_i。结合声发射波形信号频谱特性,分析两者估算结果的准确性。结果表明,基于Griffith准则并采用起裂应力估算饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度是一种较可靠的方法。对于干燥硬岩,该方法确定的直接拉伸强度估算值比试验值偏小。饱和硬岩直接拉伸强度估算值与试验值基本接近,这是因为硬岩饱和后,延性和蠕变趋向增强,并发生更多的微观拉破裂。饱和硬岩的m_i值增大与增多的微观拉破裂有关,m_i值变化可用于描述饱和硬岩的软化程度。基于Griffith准则并采用起裂应力估算的岩石直接拉伸强度和H-B强度参数m_i可用于岩体工程的早期设计。