基于可视化的地图学概念的形成逻辑

论述了满足地图可视化的基本条件和载负量限制;论述了地图比例尺、地图概括及其相关概念的派生逻辑。阐释了由相似比较派生的地图学概念和地图学概念在科学技术发展中不断增加和丰富的必然逻辑。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

JAVA编制地理信息系统软件的研究与应用

随着     

文化遗产保护与开发的思考

经济建设发展与文化遗产保护之间的紧张关系到处存在。既不能以牺牲珍贵文物为代价,换取旅游业的发展,也不能因为保护而拒游客于门外。为此重申“中国原则”,即以“实现人类文明延续和可持续发展的必然要求”为准则。对石窟文化的保护,初步解决了游客拥挤对壁画、彩塑的潜在威胁,加强了对风沙侵蚀危害的防范,但仍然面临许多社会和自然环境问题。古城遗址的发现,涉及对古环境反演的科学问题。利用考古发掘的丰富信息,联系古自然环境变化和人文影响、物质传播的大背景,可能有助于开豁诠释、论证古代文明和古文化的新思路。破解中原许多古城遗址之谜,也需要从重建、虚拟古环境着手。古建筑的修复或重建,既要遵循“修旧如旧”的原则,也要考虑适应现代环境与生态功能,适度采用现代新工艺和新材料。考古发掘、文化遗产保护工作中,运用环境遥感监测技术,不乏成功先例。作者建议,进一步推广田间考古格网的经验,构建多层次的格网管理信息系统,促进文化遗产保护与开发的能力建设与现代化。     

基于RS/GIS的珠海市城市空间扩展

以珠海市为研究区域,基于RS/GIS数据源,将多个时段TM遥感影像解译成土地利用现状图,研究1973-2008年珠海市城市空间扩展。结果表明：（1）1973-1988年是珠海市城市发展的初期,飞地式扩展占新增城市用地面积的84.51%,边缘式扩展的比例为12.76%,而填充式扩展为2.71%;（2）1988-1998、1998-2008年分别是城市发展的“扩散”阶段和“边缘扩张”阶段,飞地式扩展开始沿着交通线在金湾和斗门两区范围内大幅扩散,全市以飞地式扩展为主,边缘式和填充式扩展比例较低;（3）从政策和经济两方面分析影响珠海市城市空间扩展的驱动力因素,其中政策因素对珠海市的城市发展有着重要影响,从特区设立开始,到后来的特区扩容,珠海的发展深深地刻上了特区政策的烙印;经济驱动是珠海市城市发展的重要因素,其与人口增长因素是导致珠海市城市空间扩展的最直接驱动力。     

地震灾害预测和应急模拟系统的设计与应用——以永安市城市应急系统为例

城市防震减灾是地震潜在频发区提高自然灾害防治能力建设的重要方面。本文结合福建省永安市城市防震减灾信息管理系统的建设,探讨设计防震减灾数值模型,分析模型集成的关键技术,构建了地震风险评估、建筑物易损性评价、生命与财产损失估算、救援与救灾管理调度等模型和基于GIS开发的震害预测和应急模拟系统。该系统在福建省永安市的实际应用表明,通过对地震灾害预测结果的分析,可加强城市抗震中的薄弱环节,为灾区政府应急响应和制订对策提供决策支持辅助信息,从而显著提高城市防震减灾的综合能力。     

Challenges and strategies for the visual exploration of complex environmental data

ABSTRACT

In this opinion paper, we, a group of scientists from environmental-, geo-, ocean- and information science, argue visual data exploration should become a common analytics approach in Earth system science due to its potential for analysis and interpretation of large and complex spatio-temporal data. We discuss the challenges that appear such as synthesis of heterogeneous data from various sources, reducing the amount of information and facilitating multidisciplinary, collaborative research. We argue that to fully exploit the potential of visual data exploration, several bottlenecks and challenges have to be addressed: providing an efficient data management and an integrated modular workflow, developing and applying suitable visual exploration concepts and methods with the help of effective and tailored tools as well as generating and raising the awareness of visual data exploration and education. We are convinced visual data exploration is worth the effort since it significantly facilitates insight into environmental data and derivation of knowledge from it.     

基于GIS和RS的区域氧气生产量模拟——以哈尔滨市为例

随着对气候变化研究的深入,大气中氧气含量变化也应引起关注。本研究利用绿色植物光合作用产生有机碳和氧气的原理,通过模拟植物各级生产力,估算出区域氧气生产量。利用MODIS的GPP产品,通过投影转换、影像裁切等处理,与GIS融合,采用C-FIX模型估算区域NPP、NEP,实现区域氧气生产量的总量估算和空间分布。以哈尔滨市为例估算了2008年区域氧气生产量,主要结论如下：①2008年哈尔滨市生产净氧气量394423.95t,植物自养呼吸消耗占初始氧气生产量的30.787%,异养呼吸消耗占0.001%,初始氧气生产量越多,植物自养呼吸消耗和异养呼吸消耗也多;②哈尔滨市处于高寒地带,2-12月氧气生产量基本趋近于0,夏季最高,秋季略高于春季;③哈尔滨市各月及全年以阿城区氧气产量最多,呼兰区、松北区次之,主城区即南岗区、道里区、道外区、香坊区及平房区最低。本研究采用RS、GIS等技术,利用植物光合作用原理,实现了区域氧气生产日、月、年总量估算和空间分布变化,为区域氧气生产量的估算提出了新的思路,为研究大气中氧气含量的变化和评价人类生活环境质量提供了依据。     

中国县域国土空间集约利用计量测度与影响机理

土地利用问题日益成为中国经济发展的重要约束力之一。快速城镇化背景下城镇和乡村的快速扩张吞噬了宝贵的土地资源,粗放非集约的利用方式更加剧了土地资源的浪费。从国土空间集约利用的影响机理出发分析中国县域国土空间集约的影响机理对指导集约利用实践以及宏观集约利用政策瞄准和政策矫正都具有特殊意义。综合运用OLS模型、空间面板滞后模型和空间面板自相关模型以GIS和Matlab为技术平台,构建中国县域发展基础数据库 (1992-2010年),定量刻画中国2286个县级单元的空间集约利用度时空变化格局,计量分析社会经济发展、自然环境本底、区位交通地理、宏观战略政策和历史基础5大类变量17项具体因素的影响机理。研究结果表明,空间面板数据模型的整体显著性和可信度检验略高于一般面板数据OLS模型;在固定相关效应后对各因素的影响机制进行了检验,表明工业化、城镇化、经济发展水平、区位、交通和宏观战略政策等因素对县域国土空间集约利用的影响较为明显。自然环境因素弱于社会经济因素。被忽略的历史因素对县域国土空间集约利用具有极显著的影响。未来县域国土空间集约利用应因势利导,强化有利因素,减小不利因素影响。提高工业化和城镇化发展水平和质量。发挥市场的主导作用,完善土地市场和运行机制。优化国土空间集约利用调控政策和管治手段,制定差别化的空间集约利用政策。以资源环境承载力为基础和约束最大限度地提高投入和产出水平。     

The Biogeography of Geographers: A Content Visualization of Journal Publications

Biogeographers choose to align their scholarship within different domains, from ecological or historical biogeography, to landscape ecology, macroecology, or the analytical perspective initiated with the theory of island biogeography. Biogeography is also practiced under the umbrella of geography, as geographical biogeography. Using the ISI Web of Science journal article database, I performed content visualizations of research authored by those biogeographers with an identity or interest aligned with geography. Content affinities with ecological biogeography were strong. However, physical geography materialized as the core of biogeographical inquiry for geographers based upon the central location of physical geography within these visualizations, and upon the ranking of journals where these geographers publish. I argue that the systems legacy of physical geography provides geographical biogeographers with an identity and an invitation to connect with the field of scholars advancing the study of complex systems.