“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

基于GIS城市洪水淹没模拟分析

城市洪水淹没范围动态模拟分析是城市防洪规划与防治决策的一个重要基础工作。本文主要研究洪水从翻堤口出发在地理空间蔓延、扩散、动态行进及确定淹没范围的数字模拟方法。为此,根据数学形态学及测地圆概念,研究设计了洪水扩散范围的“膨胀”模拟算法和淹没范围搜索算法,用于查询淹没通块中从翻堤处到任一点之间的淹没路径和ｔ时刻洪水扩散范围。     

水生观赏植物在湿地建设中的应用

水生观赏植物的利用是湿地恢复工作的重要内容之一,直接关系到湿地景观整体效果。在湿地的池边水畔、岩石缝隙、水面等不同的环境中种植各种水生观赏植物能给人一种自然美的感觉。水生观赏植物的姿态、色彩及清香,加强了水体的空间感和美感,并具有净化水体的生态作用。如北京翠     

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.     

Quantitative study of landscape patterns in homogenous carbonate rock distributed regions in Guizhou

With the utilization of GIS software, research is conducted on （a） the characteristics of cells, fragmentation, and patch fractal of landscape based on homogenous carbonate rocks in Guizhou; （b） causes of the formation of these characteristics. It has been found that under the influence of lithology, the landscape of the study region as a whole shows consistency, yet embodies distinct diversity inside. The consistency is embodied in the following aspects： （a） the preponderant landscape consists of bushes and small woods; （b） secondary landscape is characteristic of forests and grounds covered with grass; （c） of all the patches making up the study area small patches are in the majority, with positive-skewed distribution of patches-as a result, steep peaks are characteristic of the charts showing the distribution of patches. The factor of scale is not taken into account in the study of patches. The shapes of patches tend to be regular with strong disturbances from human activities, and consequently, the values of fractal dimensions of landscape types tend to get smaller. The fragmentation of patches is more apparent in landscape under influence of human activities than the one without these disturbances. Compared with regions characteristic of homogenous dolomite, the characteristics of homogenous limestone areas are described as follows： （a） low utilization rate of water resource; （b） uneven distribution of diversified landscape; （c） weak resistance against disturbances from human activities; （d） the continuous degradation, ever-increasing fragmentation, intensification of spatial heterogeneity, and the deteriorating stability of landscape.     

ArcMap在中学地理教学中的应用

本文就地理信息系统(GIS)工具软件之一———ArcMap在中学地理教学中应用分析的基础上,探讨了GIS工具软件在中学地理教学中的作用,表明GIS技术在地理教学中有广泛的应用前景。同时对GIS的发展提出建议和希望。     

遥感技术在煤炭地质中的应用现状及前景

介绍了遥感技术在煤炭资源调查和评价、煤矿区地质灾害调查和评估、生态环境及污染调查评价和监测以及煤矿三维可视化仿真规划系统建设方面的应用研究现状及所取得的主要成果，并结合遥感技术的发展方向，展望了其在煤炭地质中的应用前景。     

GIS地理空间数据共享的探讨

本文在论述现有的几种实现空间数据共享的技术模式的基础上,分别评价了各个模式的优缺点,针对当今数据共享所面临的困难提出了解决这些问题的建议以及几种长期和短期解决方案,最后本文对数据共享的发展趋势及其解决方案进行了展望。     

GPS高差在滑坡监测中的应用研究

在分析GPS水准研究的现状及应用成果的基础上,推导基于站心地平直角坐标系的GPS坐标,其中Z分量即为GPS高差.主要分析影响GPS高差及其变化的误差,即GPS定位误差、垂线偏差以及坐标框架不一致等的影响,最后应用实例进行验证.     

一种基于梯度信息的小波SAR图像滤波方法

提出一种基于梯度的自适应小波滤波方法.这种算法利用梯度和纹理信息控制阈值的选取,使滤波器在平坦区域能够有效去除噪声、在边缘区域有效保持边缘.应用于SAR图像斑点噪声滤波,并与增强Lee,Frost滤波,Gamma MAP滤波和Kuan滤波几种算法的结果进行比较分析,表明这种算法不仅能有效去除斑点噪声还能很好地保持图像的边缘等细节信息.