山东省邹平火山岩盆地铜矿地球物理综合找矿模型及找矿方向

邹平地区是山东省内最主要的铜矿产地和成矿远景区,先后发现了王家庄铜矿和碑楼铜矿,构成了区内典型的次火山岩型矿床系列。该文通过搜集和研究邹平火山岩区以往多年的信息资料,并结合近几年的地质物化探工作及其找矿成果,初步建立了邹平火山岩盆地铜矿的地球物理综合找矿模型,并以此为基础就下一步该区找矿方向进行了分析和探讨。     

煤岩体电荷检测在动力灾害预测中的应用

文章为煤岩动力灾害的预测提供新的方法,针对大安上煤矿用岩体电荷辐射测试仪进行现场实验测试,得出:(1)大安山矿电荷感应幅值在300Pc以下,煤岩体比较稳定;(2)电荷感应幅值呈现出与周期来压一致的周期性变化;(3)电荷感应幅值最大处一般均在工作面前方10～16m,这与采掘工作面前方煤岩层的集中应力向煤体深部传播一致;(4)在测期间一直处于稳定状态,而测得的电荷感应幅值也较小,说明和实际比较符合。还简要介绍安装工艺。得出岩体电荷检测能对动力现象作出预测。     

Late Jurassic Volcanism Deduced from Geochemical,Geochronological, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition Characteristics of the Nanyuan Formation,South China

The Nanyuan Formation contains information related to the Mesozoic tectonic transformation. In this study, three representative profiles were surveyed from the Nanyuan Formation, and multiple analyses were conducted. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded their ages as approximately 158–146 Ma. The volcanic rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, implying their affinity for I-type granites. The ε_Nd(t) values(-8.3 to-6.0),(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_...     

Caldera formation by magma withdrawal from a reservoir beneath a volcanic edifice

Caldera formation has been explained by magma withdrawal from a crustal reservoir, but little is known about the conditions that lead to the critical reservoir pressure for collapse. During an eruption, the reservoir pressure is constrained to lie within a finite range: it cannot exceed the threshold value for eruption, and cannot decrease below another threshold value such that feeder dykes get shut by the confining pressure, which stops the eruption. For caldera collapse to occur, the critical reservoir pressure for roof failure must therefore be within this operating range. We use an analytical elastic model to evaluate the changes of reservoir pressure that are required for failure of roof rocks above the reservoir with and without a volcanic edifice at Earth's surface. With no edifice at Earth's surface, faulting in the roof region can only occur in the initial phase of reservoir inflation and affects a very small part of the focal area. Such conditions do not allow caldera collapse. With a volcanic edifice, large tensile stresses develop in the roof region, whose magnitude increase as the reservoir deflates during an eruption. The edifice size must exceed a threshold value for failure of the roof region before the end of eruption. The largest tensile stresses are reached at Earth's surface, indicating that faulting starts there. Failure affects an area whose horizontal dimensions depend on edifice and chamber dimensions. For small and deep reservoirs, failure conditions cannot be achieved even if the edifice is very large. Quantitative predictions are consistent with observations on a number of volcanoes.     

新疆破坏性地震损失“盲估”方法

通过总结新疆近年来的震害预测研究成果和震害损失评估工作的实践,给出了震后损失快速评估方法－“盲估”方法。提出今后震灾评估的发展方向是建立震后趋势快速判定计算机管理系统。     

大兴安岭满归地区变中酸性火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对大兴安岭满归地区新元古界—下寒武统大网子组变中酸性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,探讨其形成时代及地质意义。大网子组由变安山岩、变英安岩、变流纹岩和少量变晶屑凝灰岩组成,缺少板岩、变砂岩、片岩等沉积岩夹层。通过对变安山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(199±1) Ma,表明大网子组变中酸性火山岩形成于早侏罗世早期,非前人认为的形成于新元古代—早寒武世。额尔古纳地块早侏罗世火山岩为漠河盆地提供了物源,表明额尔古纳地块在早侏罗世处于火山-岩浆弧构造背景。该研究为蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合过程中的地球动力学研究提供了新资料。     

Discussion: Structural and stratigraphic problems of the Argylla Formation near Mary Kathleen,Queensland

Circumstantial evidence indicates that Gaussberg, an isolated, 370 m high volcanic cone on the Antarctic coast at 57°S, 89°E, is the product of subglacial eruption. The vesicular, highly potassic leucitite, of which Gaussberg is composed, has been dated by K‐Ar and fission‐track methods, the former being applied to leucite concentrates, the latter to glassy leucitite from the ropy‐textured, outer rind of a pillow‐like structure. The K‐Ar geochronology yields an average date of 56 000 ± 5000 years, jwhich is interpreted as defining the time of Gaussberg's formation. The fission‐track work yields a less precise date, which supports the K‐Ar age estimate. These new age determinations indicate that previously published K‐Ar age determinations of 20 Ma and 9 Ma for Gaussberg should be rejected.     

青藏高原拉萨地块新生代超钾质岩与南北向地堑成因关系

青藏高原拉萨地块广泛分布有新生代超钾质岩,岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明这些超钾质岩来源于与古俯冲环境有着密切联系的含金云母的富集地幔源区,它们主要喷发于25~10 Ma。同时在拉萨地块分布有多条南北向地堑(裂谷),且它们的切割深度可能到达下地壳的深部甚至岩石圈地幔,它们主要形成于23~8 Ma。拉萨地块大多数超钾质岩沿着新生代的南北向地堑(裂谷)分布,并且它们在形成时代和空间分布上存在着明显的耦合性,结合沿着印度-雅鲁藏布江缝合带分布的中新世埃达克质岩,笔者认为这些超钾质岩很可能与中新世早期北向俯冲的印度岩石圈沿着印度-雅鲁藏布江缝合带附近发生断离,以及由此而引起拉萨地块东西向伸展构造活动产生的南北向地堑(裂谷)系统有关。     

Geochemistry of the ophiolite and oceanic island basalt in the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone,South Qinling and their tectonic significance

Detailed studies indicate that Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic zone is a complicated mélange zone which includes many tectonic slabs of different origins. Ophiolite (MORB-type basalt), oceanic island tholeiite and alkaline basalt have been identified. Moreover, this tectonic mélange zone is eastward connected with the Mianlüe suture zone. The deformation characteristics, consisting components and volcanic rock geochemical features for the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone are much similar to those of the Mianlüe suture zone and Deerni ophiolite. Therefore, the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone should be the westward extension part of the Mianlüe suture zone. It indicates that the Mianlüe suture zone had extended to the Nanping area.     

扬子陆块西缘安益南华纪火山岩的厘定及其地质意义

扬子陆块西缘安益大湾山地区出露一套由变质玄武岩等组成的变质基性火山岩,前人将其归为中元古界,并作为寻找磁铁矿的主要对象。调查发现,安益大湾山变质基性火山岩与下伏浅变质岩系间发育一套稳定沉积的砾岩。应用LA-ICP-MS技术对其底砾岩之上最底部的变质玄武岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得了781.3±1.9Ma的岩浆锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值和1008±14Ma、1142±15Ma、2714±10Ma的继承性岩浆锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄,指示该套变质基性火山岩形成于南华纪,并将其从浅变质岩系中解离出来,对比为澄江组。继承性锆石年龄数据指示,扬子地块西缘安益地区存在新太古界和中元古界物质记录。结合前人研究成果和近来获得的年龄数据,将滇中澄江组的时代界定于820～740Ma,并将南华系的底界界定于820Ma。大湾山中-大型磁铁矿产于扬子地块西缘澄江组的变质基性火山岩中,其主成矿期为南华纪,可能属于热液氧化物-铜-金矿床。