国外边际地区及边际化过程研究述评

自20 世纪80 年代以来,国外学者从侧重于核心区的研究扩展到对山区及高纬地区、边界边远地区、脆弱生态环境地区和欠发达地区等区域的研究。90 年代以后,随着理论探讨的深入,具有上述特征的不同区域在边际地区这一术语下得以进一步地提升和整合。近年来国际地理学界对边际地区的概念与理论、典型边际地区与边际化过程、边际地区的区域响应与全球化响应、边际地区发展问题等方面进行了多视角的研究。与“核心区”、“兴盛区”及其“空间极化”相呼应,“边际地区”和“边际化过程”对“危急—问题区”及其机理提供了一套理论解释,展现出地理学空间差异和空间关系研究新的视角。     

民勤盆地水资源开发引起的环境地质问题及改善措施

民勤盆地位于石羊河下游,目前民勤绿洲沙漠化过程加快,部分群众背井离乡,沦为"生态难民","罗布泊"现象已经局部显现。本文从民勤盆地水资源开发利用现状出发,分析存在问题,提出治理措施。     

混沌理论在水文领域中的研究现状及展望

本文对混沌理论在水文领域中的应用现状、存在的问题及未来的可能发展方向进行了研究。总结了水文时间序列在混沌识别、混沌预测、相空间参数估计、噪声处理和数据量大小等方面的研究成果和存在的问题，指出未来应该加强混沌与其它理论和方法的比较与结合，并且通过对多变量预测和重构系统动力学模型的深入研究，揭示水文系统混沌演化的基本规律及内在成因机制。     

天水市主要地质环境问题及防治对策研究

天水市位于甘肃省东南部,区内地质环境背景条件复杂,人类工程活动对地质环境的扰动不断加剧,市区经济发展面临着多种地质环境问题的制约,其中以地下水资源衰减、地下水污染、地质灾害以及特殊土地质环境问题最为突出。本文在研究上述地质环境问题的基础上,对地质环境问题造成的经济损失进行了评估,提出了环境地质问题防治对策。     

等级三星系统的运动学研究

统计分析表明,在目前的观测精度(Imas)下,由于三体效应大多数等级三星系统已不能用经典的双二体运动学模型来描述;即使对于应用需求而言,该模型也不再适用于描述三体视效应较强的等级三星系统.因为在实用星表参考架中不宜采用数据量较大的数值历表来描述子星的运动,所以有必要针对等级三星系统建立尽可能简单实用的运动学模型.借助已有的观测资料和拟合研究结果,给出了6个等级三星系统的质量参数和初始条件,进而根据实用需求讨论了这些系统的运动学描述问题.     

关于安徽省勘查技术院可持续发展的思考

根据安徽省勘查技术院的“十一五”发展规划,针对走可持续发展道路所面临的优势及客观存在的问题,对地勘单位可持续发展问题进行探索。     

浅谈地图设计中应注意的几个问题

举例阐述了地图设计过程中应注意的几个问题。     

Comparative evaluation and analysis of online geocoding services

Geocoding is an uncertain process that associates an address or a place name with geographic coordinates. Traditionally, geocoding is performed locally on a stand-alone computer with the geocoding tools usually bundled in GIS software packages. The use of such tools requires skillful operators who know about the issues of geocoding, that is, reference databases and complicated geocoding interpolation techniques. These days, with the advancement in the Internet and Web services technologies, online geocoding provides its functionality to the Internet users with ease; thus, they are often unaware of such issues. With an increasing number of online geocoding services, which differ in their reference databases, the geocoding algorithms, and the strategy for dealing with inputs and outputs, it is crucial for the service requestors to realize the quality of the geocoded results of each service before choosing one for their applications. This is primarily because any errors associated with the geocoded addresses will be propagated to subsequent decisions, activities, modeling, and analysis. This article examines the quality of five online geocoding services: Geocoder.us, Google, MapPoint, MapQuest, and Yahoo!. The quality of each geocoding service is evaluated with three metrics: match rate, positional accuracy, and similarity. A set of addresses from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) database were used as a baseline. The results were statistically analyzed with respect to different location characteristics. The outcome of this study reveals the differences among the online geocoding services on the quality of their geocoding results and it can be used as a general guideline for selecting a suitable service that matches an application's needs.     

A syllabus for teaching geographical information systems

The problems in teaching a course on geographical information systems in higher education are reviewed and a possible syllabus that will be most relevant to needs in the United Kingdom is suggested. The syllabus is divided into six major sections relating to the context, cartographic and spatial analytical concepts, their realization in a computing environment, operations, applications and institutional issues. A particular feature is an attempt to maintain a rigid distribution between underlying theory which is relatively stable and its more volatile operationalization on computers. The paper results from a symposium held in Leicester (U.K.) late in 1988 that brought together nine specialists in the held.     

屋顶光伏为基础的农村新型能源系统战略研究

当前我国农村仍然面临着经济发展、清洁用能、环境保护、减少碳排放等多重问题,文中对我国农村地区发展屋顶光伏系统的资源潜力、技术方案、融资模式和重要意义进行了深入探讨和定量分析,结果表明,我国农村地区面临着能源、环境、经济发展的多重问题,“双碳”战略给解决“三农”问题提供了新的发展契机。发展以农村屋顶光伏系统为基础的新型农村能源系统是解决“三农”问题、实现乡村振兴的重点工作,也是我国建成新型电力系统、实现能源系统低碳转型的突破口和着力点。