欧亚北部跨大陆交通经济带发展工程（英文）

跨西伯利亚大铁路的主要作用在于实现欧亚两洲西部和东部的交流。沿西伯利亚大铁路及其分支的交通经济带的形成意义重大。本文揭示了西伯利亚大铁路及其分支以及"一体化的欧亚基础设施系统"这一宏伟工程长远发展的主要特征,描述了西伯利亚大铁路和中国新丝绸之路影响区域的比较特征,提出了欧亚跨大陆板块交通经济带发展中面临的环境问题。研究认为,尽管在欧亚交通领域西伯利亚大铁路会面临一些竞争,但通过促进沿交通走廊区域的可持续发展,新丝绸之路建设将会为参与的国家带来显著的社会经济效益和环境效益,也必然会促进欧亚更密切的区域经济一体化和区域安全。     

论地理学的特性与基本问题

学科通常都具有独立的研究对象、独立的学科问题、独特的学科特征以及独特的社会服务功能。本文从3个方面论述了地理学的属性,进而认识现代地理学的时代特征。①地理学研究对象的演化经历了由简单向复杂的变化过程。在研究实践过程中,应充分认识地理系统的复杂属性。②地理的要素、空间与时间相互融合构成了独特的学科问题体系,阐述了不同地理问题的本质区别,进而促进解决不同地理问题的技术与方法体系建设。③"还原论"与"整体论"并举的地理学哲学思维方兴未艾。地理学强调的综合研究在当今时代受到了前所未有的重视。在新兴学科和新兴技术的支撑下,出现了地理要素和地理系统并行研究的新格局。本文从地理学研究的基本特征出发,总结了地理学研究的核心问题,探讨地理学驱动机制对地理规律的组合效应。理解地理学关键特征和时代价值,有助于探索地理学的社会发展契机。     

Mining significant crisp-fuzzy spatial association rules

Spatial association rule mining (SARM) is an important data mining task for understanding implicit and sophisticated interactions in spatial data. The usefulness of SARM results, represented as sets of rules, depends on their reliability: the abundance of rules, control over the risk of spurious rules, and accuracy of rule interestingness measure (RIM) values. This study presents crisp-fuzzy SARM, a novel SARM method that can enhance the reliability of resultant rules. The method firstly prunes dubious rules using statistically sound tests and crisp supports for the patterns involved, and then evaluates RIMs of accepted rules using fuzzy supports. For the RIM evaluation stage, the study also proposes a Gaussian-curve-based fuzzy data discretization model for SARM with improved design for spatial semantics. The proposed techniques were evaluated by both synthetic and real-world data. The synthetic data was generated with predesigned rules and RIM values, thus the reliability of SARM results could be confidently and quantitatively evaluated. The proposed techniques showed high efficacy in enhancing the reliability of SARM results in all three aspects. The abundance of resultant rules was improved by 50% or more compared with using conventional fuzzy SARM. Minimal risk of spurious rules was guaranteed by statistically sound tests. The probability that the entire result contained any spurious rules was below 1%. The RIM values also avoided large positive errors committed by crisp SARM, which typically exceeded 50% for representative RIMs. The real-world case study on New York City points of interest reconfirms the improved reliability of crisp-fuzzy SARM results, and demonstrates that such improvement is critical for practical spatial data analytics and decision support.     

关于开展中国综合区划研究若干问题的认识

过去半个多世纪,我国的自然与社会经济格局发生了重大变化,单纯对自然或某一部门进行的区域刻画已经不能适应新形势下经济社会可持续发展的需要。因此,亟待开展中国综合区划研究工作。编制中国综合区划方案所要解决的重要科学技术问题包括:服务对象与研究目标;综合区划理论体系;地域系统主要要素的变化过程、格局及其相互作用关系;中国地域系统重要界线的确定;典型区域的辨识及其特征分析;世界地理格局与中国综合地域系统相互作用;数据的采集、处理、量纲化;综合区划的集成方法;中国地域系统未来发展情景分析;综合区划方案的动态演示系统。     

Questionnaire-based assessment of Mediterranean fishing ports,Nile Delta,Egypt

The fisheries sector is a significant contributor to the Egyptian economy. Recently, issues relating to fishing ports have been highlighted in port planning, availability of facilities, management, and environmental issues. Additional problems include Egypt's lack of specific guidelines for planning and design of fishing ports. This paper aims to assess the current status of five fishing ports (both natural and artificial) located along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Data were collected via a questionnaire supplied directly to the fishermen. The questionnaire contains two sections that cover information regarding the fishermen and fishing vessels. There are sections to assess the degree of satisfaction of the fishermen regarding economic, environmental, planning, facilities, and managerial issues. 250 fishermen received the questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results confirm that the fishing ports are negatively affected by a number issues, as well as management deficiencies, resulting in several weaknesses. The main issues include pollution, sedimentation, deterioration of infrastructure, and lack of port facilities. It is recommended that decision-makers should develop monitoring tools and improve infrastructure and services. Recommendations are made for future development to enable the expansion in the fishing industry and improve the sustainability of fishing ports.     

铜陵市地下水资源开发利用和保护对策探讨

本文较全面地阐述了铜陵市地下水资源特征,分析了地下水资源开发利用条件、现状及引发的地质环境问题,提出了进一步合理开发利用的监督建议.     

对基础地理信息系统数据质量控制的探讨

基础地理信息是数字城市地理空间信息公共平台建设的基础.其数据经过必要的编码和写入数据库的过程被采集入库.为了保证输入正确,必须对数据进行必要的检验.通过对基础地理信息系统(FGIS)内多种比例尺多种类型数据做检查,对发现的问题进行归类和分析,本文探讨了FGIS数据质量控制,对数字城市的建设具有一定的现实意义.     

雅砻江锦屏一级水电站坝址区实测地应力与重大工程地质问题分析

本文对雅砻江锦屏一级水电站坝址区Ⅱ1-Ⅱ1及其前后剖面实测地应力进行了系统整理分析。分析结果表明:在相同的水平和垂直埋深条件下左岸坡角应力大小较右岸坡角小,这主要是由边坡岩体结构确定的;左岸导流洞开挖过程中在应力大小较右岸低的情况下出现坍塌工程地质问题也与左岸边坡岩体结构有关,而非岩爆等诱发。另外对左岸岩体深部裂缝在已有研究成果的基础上从应力集中、能量积累角度初步提出了新的边坡变形破坏方式,并从岩体结构和地应力大小方面对锦屏一级水电站工程建设过程中左、右岸应注意的工程地质问题提出了初步建议。     

遥感水文应用中的尺度问题

遥感技术在水文科学中的广泛应用，极大地拓宽了其研究的领域和范围，增加了其研究的深度。但同时也应该看到，遥感信息的空间分辨率和时间分辨率，以及水文科学自身尺度问题的复杂性，一方面对遥感水文的应用产生困难和问题，限制了水文遥感的应用；另一方面又对水文尺度问题提供了新的技术手段，为遥感水文应用增添了新的亮点。从水文机理与空间尺度、遥感信息的空间分辨率、水文参数的空间延拓，以及遥感技术与水文科学的发展等 4个方面探讨了遥感水文的空间尺度问题；从瞬时遥感信息的时间拓展和遥感信息的时间分辨率 2个方面讨论了遥感水文的时间尺度问题。     

基于自回归方法的Blazar天体3C 279和OJ 287光变周期研究

探索Blazar光变资料中的周期或准周期变化是1个有待深入研究的领域.由于光变资料的复杂性,目前寻找周期的算法还不够完善.文中以现代谱估计为基础,详细论述了自回归(Auto-regressive,AR)模型谱估计方法和最大熵谱估计的基本原理,分析了阶数选择对模型的重要影响,并把这些方法应用到类星体3C 279和BL Lac天体OJ287的光变周期分析中,得到它们的光变周期分别为7.14和11.76yr.通过验证,自回归 模型谱估计方法由于其分辨率高,可以作为1种较好的分析周期的方法.最后指出在应用谱估计分析Blazar天体的光变周期注意事项.