广东流沙湾网箱养鱼区水体氮磷的时空变化及负荷估算

研究流沙湾网箱养鱼区水体氮、磷含量的月变化和水平分布,并运用质量平衡方程估算其氮、磷负荷。结果表明:总氮变化在0.212~0.892 mg/L之间,平均0.498 mg/L;总磷变化在0.009~0.036 mg/L之间,平均0.020mg/L;氮磷比变化在23.6~26.1之间,平均为25。在5-9月,氮、磷含量变化呈逐渐增加趋势,到9月达到最大,10月又减少。网箱内部氮、磷的含量高于网箱外部,并随着与网箱距离的增大而逐渐减小。红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)、紫红笛鲷(Trachinotus ovatus)和卵形鲳鲹(Lutjanus erythopterus)全鱼的氮质量分数平均为2.42%,磷质量分数平均为0.26%,饵料系数为6.67,流沙湾网箱养鱼养殖期产生的氮、磷负荷平均分别为135.8和19.4 kg/t。     

抗滑桩全桩内力计算"m-k"法的有限差分法

传统的弹性地基系数“m-k”法在计算抗滑桩内力时,需分受荷段和锚固段分别查表计算,不但计算过程繁琐,容易出错,而且受查用表格中各系数截断误差的影响,常使计算结果出现某些误差,以致出现与边界条件不相一致的现象。针对这些问题,基于“m-k”法的原理,提出了便于编程的有限差分法,可对弹性抗滑桩全桩内力进行统一分析。编写了计算和图形处理程序,并用一算例与传统方法进行了验证 对比。结果表明,只要等量差分段取得足够小,就可获得符合边界条件的高精度数值解。实例表明,可根据内力计算图形处理结果,优化钢筋笼的钢筋,使抗滑桩的结构设计安全而经济。     

舟山蛏子港深水网箱养殖环境分析

根据2001年11月1～10日在舟山蛏子港进行水文调查所获取的水深、海流、盐度、悬浮体等资料,对蛏子港深水网箱养殖的环境条件进行了分析,结果表明:该港海区海水平均流速为35.1～100cm/s的出现频率占56%～84%,表、底层盐度平均值为25.227～26.045,悬浮体含量为0.1～0.399kg/m3的出现频率达92%;港区有多个口门与外海相通,海域水体交换活跃。另外,该港的水深和避风条件也基本符合深水网箱养殖的要求,是一个比较适合于海水鱼深水网箱养殖的基地。     

A numerical study on dynamic properties of the gravity cage in combined wave-current flow

Recent work in the area of open-ocean aquaculture-system dynamics has focused either on the response of fish cages in waves or the steady drag response from ocean currents, not on them combined. In reality, however, the forces bearing on these open-ocean structures are a nonlinear, multidirectional combination of both waves and current profiles. In this paper, a numerical model has been developed to simulate the dynamic response of the gravity cage to waves combined with currents. When current flows are combined with regular waves, gravity-cage motion response (including heave, surge, and pitch) and mooring-line forces have been calculated. To examine the validity of simulated results, a series of physical model tests have been carried out. The results of our numerical simulation are all in close agreement with the experimental data.     

圆柱形沉浮式深海养殖网箱的受力分析

应用一系列力学关系，研究了深海圆柱形沉浮式养殖网箱所承受的波浪力情况。导出深海沉浮式养殖网箱的运动方程，并给出数值计算。在网箱波浪力的研究中采用绕射理论和Morison方程，讨论了在波高、波长及周期变化下水动力的变化趋势，得出网箱所受到的水平波浪力远大于竖直波浪力，波高的变化对波浪力的影响最大的结论，为深海网箱的设计校核提供1种参考方法。     

On the feasibility of some photochemical reactions of iodide in seawater

Aerated solutions of potassium iodide in de-ionised water, of between 5–20% (w/v), were exposed to ambient spring sunlight to estimate the rate of photochemical production of molecular iodine from iodide and oxygen in seawater. This rate cannot be measured directly as other reactions, for example the reduction of molecular iodine by organic matter, interfere. Also, a parallel photo-oxidation, initiated by organic matter in real seawater, may also occur. The experiments yield a half-life for iodide in tropical surface waters of about 29 months suggesting that the reaction is insignificant. At this rate it will not compete effectively against the reduction of molecular iodine by organic matter, and hence molecular iodine should not appear. The experiments also consider the photo-oxidation by nitrate, and iodate, a combination of nitrite and oxygen, and eliminate significant interference by chloride, bromide and the phosphate buffer. The rate of photo-oxidation with each of the first three oxidations is found to be first order with respect to oxidant concentration. The variation of photo-oxidation rate with pH is also studied, with a brief investigation without conventional oxidant, where electron cage complexes still promote photo-oxidation. The photochemical action spectrum for these reactions in sunlight is shown to extend between 300 and 425 nm. The photo-oxidation of iodide by iodate is more interesting to marine chemistry as the photo-reduction of iodate. Nevertheless, the reduction-rate is judged to be several orders too low to be significant in seawater. The mechanism of the reactions are discussed and lessons drawn on the stability of potassium iodide solutions used in iodate analysis. The KI actinometer is recommended to those studying other photochemical systems activated by UV-A light as it is linear and very simple and reliable.     

Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Behaviors of Gravity Cage in Waves

This paper aims at investigation of the dynamic properties of gravity cage exposed to waves by use of a numerical model. The numerical model is developed, based on lumped mass method to set up the equations of motion of the whole cage; meanwhile the solutions of equations are solved by the Runge-Kutta-Verner fifth-order and sixth-order method. Physical model tests have been carried out to examine the validity of the numerical model. The results by the numerical simulation agree well with the experimental data.     

深海抗风浪网箱锚泊系统的设计

通过对网箱框架、网衣在风、浪、流作用下的受力分析 ,建立网箱锚泊系统缆绳受力计算的数学模型。以国家十五“86 3”计划课题—“深海抗风浪网箱的研制”所设计的网箱为例 ,选定山东荣成市寻山海域 1 0年一遇的灾害海况为设计计算条件 ,根据 Morison公式 ,采用 Goodman- L ance方法求得单个网箱的锚泊力为 6 5 .6 7k N。在此基础上对网箱的锚泊系统进行设计 ,确定了锚泊系统每只锚重 2 5 0 kg,锚链重为 1 5 0 kg,缆绳长度为 33m。     

网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹和布氏鲳鲹分类性状的研究

本文对厦门和龙海海水网箱养殖的卵形鲳鱼参(Trachinotusovatus)和布氏鲳鱼参(T .blochii)进行了形态分类的比较研究 ,从计数性状和量度性状以及骨骼系统鉴别种间差异 ,证实这两种鲳鱼参是同属中的不同种类。     

大亚湾海水胶体粒子生物—化学研究(二)痕量金属交换吸附的昼夜变化

1998年 11月对大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海区定点 2 4 h连续观测 ,测定了痕量金属、营养盐、溶解氧和盐度等项目 ;利用质量平衡实验验证了切向超滤实验对痕量金属回收的可行性 ;分析了不同粒径微粒上痕量金属与水环境要素的周日变化特征