地质图数据坐标转换工作流程——以K51E011016铁岭县幅为例

为了加速2000国家大地坐标系的推广进程,中国地质调查局要求各地勘单位将其他坐标系下的地质图数据转换为2000国家大地坐标系。本文根据K51E011016（铁岭县幅）数据转换工作的一些经验和体会．总结了地质图数据转换的工作流程,希望本文对即将从事该项工作的同行们有所借鉴。     

DQM2000d、UGM05和EGM2008地球重力场模型精度比较

给出由地球重力场模型计算重力异常和垂线偏差的公式,利用36阶、360阶、1 800阶DQM 2000d、UGM 05以及EGM 2008地球重力场模型计算国内某地区格网点重力异常和地面垂线偏差,并将其与实测数据进行比较,从而对三种模型的精度进行评估。结果表明,在表示国内某地区格网点重力异常时,UGM 05模型精度最高,DQM 2000d模型精度次之,EGM 2008模型精度最低;在表示地面垂线偏差时,三种模型的精度相当。     

数字化形变资料分析处理流程

根据形变数字化数据和前兆特征。主要对EIS000中提供的数据处理及异常判定方法进行了使用分析。针对固体潮成分和非固体潮成分。提出了在日常分析和会商中较为适用的方法和步骤。     

计算机2000年问题对地震观测的影响及其预防方法

简要分析了计算机２０００ 年问题对地震观测的影响．这些影响主要表现在各种应用软件方面．提出了几种预防方法,除了更换必要的观测仪器之外,还要解决各类软件的２０００ 年问题     

濮阳小震集中区地震重定位及发震构造分析

利用濮阳周边数字地震台网近十年的震相观测报告数据及3级以上地震事件的波形记录,基于人工地震宽角反射/折射剖面的速度模型,采用Hypo2000地震定位法对研究区内1级以上287次地震事件进行绝对定位。同时,以Hypo2000绝对定位结果为初始位置,对濮城镇附近约25 km范围内的153个一级以上地震进行双差相对定位,获得更为准确的相对位置关系。定位研究结果表明:重新定位后研究区的小震震丛在震中和震源深度剖面上均呈现出两个分支:主支地震群沿聊—兰断裂分布,由少数地震组成的分支则分布于黄河断裂东侧。结合深地震反射剖面解释结果,推断濮城镇小震震丛的发震构造主要以聊—兰断裂为主,西部少数地震分支的发震断层为黄河断裂带,同时小震活动亦与油田开采注水活动密切相关。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Robert W. Christopherson (ed.) Elemental Geosystems Gertjan Dijkink National Identity and Geopolitical Visions: Maps of Price and Pain David Farrell Krell Architecture: Ecstasies of Space, Time and the Human Body Victor L. Mote Siberia: Worlds Apart Richard Pillsbury No Foreign Food: The American Diet in Time and Place Grant R. Staff Changing Cape Town: Urban Dynamics, Policy, and Planning During the Political Transition in South Africa David Briggs, Peter Smithson, Kenneth Addison, and Ken Atkinson Fundamentals of the Physical Environment H.J. DeBlij and Peter O. Miller Physical Geography of the Global Environment Chris Park The Environment: Principles and Applications Alan Strahler and Arthur Strahler Introducing Physical Geography     

Sequence of faulting and deformation during the 2000 eruptions of the Usu Volcano, Hokkaido, Japan—interpretation and image analyses of aerial photographs

Significant faulting and deformation of the ground surface has been rarely known during volcanic eruptions. Usu Volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, is a unique example of deformation due to felsic magma intrusion. Usu Volcano has a history of such types of eruptions as phreatic, pumice eruption (Plinian type), pyroclastic flowing and lava doming since 1663. On March 31, 2000, phreatomagmatic to phreatic eruptions took place after 23 years of dormancy in the western piedmont, followed by explosions on the western flank of Usu Volcano. They were associated with significant deformation including faulting and uplift. The eruptions and deformation were continuing up to the end of May 2000.We identified the faulting using total nine sets of aerial photographs taken from before the eruption (March 31, 2000) to more than 1 year (April 27, 2001) after the end of the activity, and traced deformation processes through image processing using aerial photographs. We found that some of the new faults and the associated phreatic eruptions were related to old faults formed during the 1977–1981 eruptive episode.The image processing has revealed that the surface deformation is coincident with the area of faulting forming small grabens and the phreatic explosion vents. However, the faulting and main explosive eruptions did not take place in the highest uplift area, but along the margin. This suggests that the faulting and explosive activities were affected by small feeder channels diverging from the main magma body which caused the highest uplift.     

Precise Location of Earthquakes at the Eastern Boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block

Based on the seismic station data sets from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, we employed a multi-step seismic location method (Hypo2000 + Velest + HypoDD) to precisely locate the 7,787 earthquakes that occurred during 2010-2015 along the eastern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, namely from southern Dawu to the Qiaojia segment. The final results show that location precision is greatly advanced and epicenter distribution exhibits good consistency with the linear distribution of the seismic faults. Earthquake distribution is quite intensive at the intersection region in the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, the Anninghe fault zone, the Xiaojinhe fault zone and the Daliangshan fault zone to the east. The depth profile of seismicity shows a clear stepwise activity along the active seismic fault zones. The profile crossing the faults of the Xianshuihe, Anninghe, and Daliangshan presents a complex interaction among faults near the multiple faults intersection region, Shimian, where the earthquakes are obviously divided into two groups in depth. Earthquakes are very rare at the depth of 15km-20km, which is consistent with the region of the plastic rheology between 14km-19km calculated by Zhu Ailan et al.,(2005).     

大型GNSS观测网的并行计算

CGCS2000精化及其全球拓展需要采用最新的模型,处理长期积累的大型GNSS观测网数据,大型GNSS网联合、快速和协同解算是空间基准精化、维持与服务的重要技术方向.在大数据技术背景下,以并行计算、云计算为代表的高性能计算技术逐渐成为大规模数据处理的首选方法.针对海量、多源、异构GNSS数据在解算处理与平差分析等方面面...     

过去2000年中国气候变化研究

总结了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所在过去2000年中国气候变化研究方面的主要进展,并对未来研究动向进行了展望。在过去10余年中,中科院地理资源所的历史气候变化研究在已有基础上,面向国际本领域研究的前缘科学问题,开展了大量研究工作,在代用资料的收集、整理与数据库建设,温度与降水变化重建以及气候变化的时空特征分析等方面取得了许多新成果。未来不但需要进一步利用历史文献、树轮等气候变化重建手段,加强高分辨率的气候变化重建工作,加密气候变化代用资料的空间覆盖度,并结合历史气候模拟等手段,深入开展气候变化动力学机制研究;而且还需要进一步利用地理资源所在本领域已积累的研究优势,开展历史时期的气候变化与人类相互作用等方面的研究。