黄梅台形变观测资料的短期干扰因素分析

利用黄梅台长期稳定、连续、可靠、精确的观测资料,应用EIS2000[1]地震前兆信息处理与软件系统及MapInfo软件系统,通过对比分析气象变化、人为干扰、仪器故障等非地形变信息和误差干扰因素,多方法分析、处理了台站水管仪、伸缩仪两套仪器定点形变观测资料.从资料分析结果中掌握某些基本常见的规律,为台站人员在日常资料处理...     

2008年攀枝花6.1级地震序列精定位

利用四川和云南区域数字地震台网震相到时资料,并结合Hypo2000+Hypo DD对2008年8月30日攀枝花MS6.1地震序列进行了定位。定位结果表明,地震序列的震中在空间上呈近SN向展布,余震密集区长度约为30km,主震震源深度约为14km。序列深度的分布范围主要为0~4、5~20km,而4~5km范围显示为明显的少震层。沿序列长轴的深度剖面显示,余震区中段存在1个不规则的少震的"空区",为1955年634级地震的破裂区,该地震发生在空区的南端。分析认为,2008年8月30日攀枝花MS6.1地震是因汶川8.0级地震后的应力调整造成未破裂的小凹凸体发生破裂所致。余震密集分布区沿垂直于破裂长轴的两个剖面则显示了在其北端地震震源分布更深,且断层面向NW倾斜,与已知的红格断裂的倾向一致。     

2000年下半年全球地震活动

2000年下半年全球共发生Mw≥6．5地震27次，其中23次为浅源地震，深源地震4次。发生Mw≥7．0地震5次，最大震级达Mw8．0。11月16日和17日，在俾斯麦群岛和所罗门群岛交界地区，发生了3次Mw≥7．8地震。2000年，全球地震活动处于1976年以来的较高水平。     

Equilibrium trading of climate and weather risk and numerical simulation in a Markovian framework

We consider financial markets with agents exposed to external sources of risk caused, for example, by short-term climate events such as the South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies widely known by the name El Nino. Since such risks cannot be hedged through investments on the capital market alone, we face a typical example of an incomplete financial market. In order to make this risk tradable, we use a financial market model in which an additional insurance asset provides another possibility of investment besides the usual capital market. Given one of the many possible market prices of risk, each agent can maximize his individual exponential utility from his income obtained from trading in the capital market, the additional security, and his risk-exposure function. Under the equilibrium market-clearing condition for the insurance security the market price of risk is uniquely determined by a backward stochastic differential equation. We translate these stochastic equations via the Feynman–Kac formalism into semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations. Numerical schemes are available by which these semilinear pde can be simulated. We choose two simple qualitatively interesting models to describe sea surface temperature, and with an ENSO risk exposed fisher and farmer and a climate risk neutral bank three model agents with simple risk exposure functions. By simulating the expected appreciation price of risk trading, the optimal utility of the agents as a function of temperature, and their optimal investment into the risk trading security we obtain first insight into the dynamics of such a market in simple situations.

Microsoft SQL Server 2000在天津市地震前兆台网中心的应用

主要介绍了《天津市地震前兆台网管理软件》的数据库管理功能及其在前兆台网中心的重要作用,VB管理数字化前兆数据库的关键技术、HTTP方式访问数据库的方法以及地下流体月报表打印源码实例等。     

两种激光粒度仪测量湖泊沉积物粒度结果的对比

湖泊沉积物粒度参数是湖泊沉积与环境演变研究中常用的环境指标,近年来激光粒度仪的发展和广泛使用更是促进了粒度指标的应用并在很大程度上提高了精度和效率.然而不同的激光粒度仪对于同一样品的测量会得到不同的结果,本文利用两种常见的激光粒度仪测量了西藏纳木错的两支岩芯,并对结果进行了对比分析.从仪器的重现性来看,Mastersizer2000型激光粒度仪要优于LS13320型激光粒度仪,而LS13320型激光粒度仪在对含量较少的细颗粒和粗颗粒的检测效果上优于Mastersizer2000型激光粒度仪;两种仪器得到的粒度参数d(0.1)和d(0.5)无论在变化趋势还是绝对数值上都较为相似,而d(0.9)的差异则较大.对比研究结果为利用湖泊沉积物粒度参数提取古环境信息研究提供了基础依据.     

硬场地实测记录下几种土层地震反应分析程序可靠性对比

以日本KiK-net强震观测台网中硬场地井下记录为样本,对传统等效线性化方法LSSRLI-1（频域）、SHAKE2000,时域非线性方法DEEPSOIL和频域一致等效线性化方法SOILQUAKE等几种计算程序在硬土场地地震反应分析中的可靠性进行对比检验。检验工况包括KiK-net井下台网中地表峰值加速度不小于0.05g的水平硬场地的总计344台次的加速度记录,涉及5个台站,土层厚度6~50m,地表峰值加速度范围0.050~0.805g。结果表明:认为硬土场地以往计算方法能够体现土层放大的认识是片面的,在中强地震动情况下,现有流行方法计算出的地表响应会偏小,强地震动下会严重偏小,会给工程抗震设计提供偏于危险的输入;硬场地中烈度8度以下（地表PGA在0.19g以下）,SHAKE2000和DEEPSOIL、LSSRLI-1（频域）计算结果与实际记录差距可以接受,但烈度8度以上,计算出地表响应均较实际记录明显偏小,且随地震动强度增加差距急剧增大;硬场地中,无论何种烈度,SOILQUAKE16计算的地表加速度响应与实测相当,可体现出土层放大作用。     

Seismic microzonation of Dehradun City using geophysical and geotechnical characteristics in the upper 30 m of soil column

The understanding of geotechnical characteristics of near-surface material is of fundamental interest in seismic microzonation. Shear wave velocity (Vs), one of the most important soil properties for soil response modeling, has been evaluated through seismic profiling using the multichannel analysis of surface waves in the city of Dehradun situated along the foothills of northwest Himalaya. Fifty sites in the city have been investigated with survey lines between 72 and 96 m in length. Multiple 1-D and interpolated 2-D profiles have been generated up to a depth of 30–40 m. The Vs were used in the SHAKE2000 software in combination with seismic input motion of the recent Chamoli earthquake to obtain site response and amplification spectra. The estimated Vs are higher in the northern part of the study area (i.e., 200–700 m/s from the surface to a depth of about 30 m) as compared to the south and southwestern parts of the city (i.e., 180–400 m/s for the same depth range). The response spectra suggest that spectral acceleration values for two-story structures are three to eight times higher than peak ground acceleration at bedrock. The analysis also suggests peak amplification at 3–4, 2–2.5, and 1–1.5 Hz in the northern, central, and south-southwestern parts of the city, respectively. The spatial distributions of Vs and spectral accelerations provide valuable information for the seismic microzonation in different parts of the urban area of Dehradun.     

Bestimmung polarer Phosphorsäureester in Trink‐ und Oberflächenwasser mittels HPLC‐MS‐MS

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water by HPLC‐MS‐MS In the EC Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EG and in CEC 76/464/EEC there are 16 organophosphorus pesticides (insecticides and acaricides) listed which belong to so‐called priority substances. The committed quality aims of these substances frequently require maximum concentrations below 0.1 μg/L. In this paper a HPLC‐MS‐method is described. The reported limits of determination of organophosphorus pesticides are lower than the demanded limits. High analytical sensitivity is reached by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and by injecting large volumes. For some of these substances no sample enrichment is needed and low detection limits are obtained by direct injection of the original water sample.     

Seismic soil pressure for building walls: An updated approach

The Mononobe–Okabe (M–O) method developed in the 1920s in Japan continues to be widely used despite many criticisms and its limitations. The method was developed for gravity walls retaining cohesionless backfill materials. In design applications, however, the M–O method, or any of its derivatives, is commonly used for below ground building walls. In this regard, the M–O method is one of the most abused methods in the geotechnical practice. Recognizing the limitation of the M–O method, a simplified method was recently developed to predict lateral seismic soil pressure for building walls. The method is focused on the building walls rather than retaining walls and specifically considers the dynamic soil properties and frequency content of the design motion in its formulation.