燕山地区寿王坟杂岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和地球化学特征及其地质意义

燕山地区寿王坟杂岩体由石英闪长岩、石英二长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,石英闪长岩和石英二长岩形成于(128±1) Ma,是早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。对比区域岩浆作用特点显示,研究区岩浆作用与华北克拉通东部大规模岩浆活动时代相近。寿王坟杂岩体富碱(Na2O+K2O含量为8.48%~9.06%(质量分数),属钾玄质系列(K2O 3.87%~4.96%)、准铝质岩石(A/CNK=0.69~0.89,A/NK=1.19~1.35),富集Rb、Ba、Sr等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Th、P等元素,具高Sr((684~1 018)×10-6)和Ba((1 163~1 506)×10-6)、高Sr/Y(43~102)和La/Yb(31~91)比值、低Y((7.19~16.55)×10-6)和Yb((0.47~1.28)×10-6)、富集LREE、基本无Eu异常等特征。εHf(t)值较低,石英闪长岩εHf(t)=-18.1~-11.1,石英二长岩εHf(t)=-18.6~-13.2。研究认为寿王坟杂岩体主要形成于早白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲背景下的伸展环境,来源于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,并有不同程度富集地幔的贡献。Sr/Y值与SiO2含量呈正相关表明其不具源区特征,主要是岩浆在侵位过程中富水岩浆分异演化发生角闪石等矿物的结晶分异作用造成的。     

共有建筑面积分摊的城市综合体功能区划分方法

功能区划分直接影响分摊结果,进而影响房产面积的真实性和可靠性。建筑空间或综合体的结构、服务功能、使用对象交织错落,增加了功能区划分的复杂性。本文对一个城市综合体进行了案例分析,提出了共有面积中功能区服务范围为主、用途为辅的划分方法。     

Tectonic regime switchover of Triassic Western Qinling Orogen: Constraints from LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotope of Dangchuan intrusive complex in Gansu,China

The Qinling Orogenic Belt, linking the Kunlun and Qilian Mountains to the west and continuing farther east to the Dabie Mountain, was assembled by the convergence and collision between the Greater South China and the North China blocks. The precise timing of the subduction and collision processes between these continental blocks and tectonic regime switchover is very equivocal. Zircon in-situ LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating in this contribution indicates that the biotite monzogranite and monzogranite phases of the Dangchuan complex were crystallized at ca. 239.8 ± 2.3 Ma and 227.8 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively. The ca. 240 Ma biotite monzogranite displays ε_Hf(t) values ranging from −2.4 to +2.9, and corresponding T_DM2 of 1.72–1.94 Ga and T_DM1 of 0.77–0.88 Ga. The ca. 228 Ma monzogranite exhibits ε_Hf(t) values ranging from −4.3 to +1.9, and corresponding T_DM2 of 1.73–2.08 Ga and T_DM1 of 0.81–0.88 Ga. Lutetium–Hf isotopic composition indicates that the biotite monzogranite and monzogranite probably have the same parental magmas which were originated from hybrid sources of both reworking of Paleoproterozoic ancient crust and partial melting of the Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. The more negative ε_Hf(t) values of the monzogranite suggest more contribution of the ancient crust during the source contamination, or more possible crustal assimilation during their crystallization at ca. 228 Ma than precursor biotite monzogranite. Integrated with previous research and our detailed petrography, we propose that the Dangchuan complex underwent an episodic growth documenting the tectonic regime switchover from early Paleozoic to Triassic. The ca. 439 Ma inherited zircon recorded the persistent subduction of the oceanic crust, the ca. 240 Ma biotite monzogranite emplaced during the northward subduction of the Mianlue oceanic crust beneath the South Qinling block, and the ca. 228 Ma monzogranite emplaced during the syn-collisional process in a compressional setting.     

Structure and geochronology of the Tongbai complex and their implications for the evolution of the Tongbai orogenic belt,central China

The Tongbai orogenic belt has an overall antiformal geometry and the hinge of the antiform is sub-horizontal and trends NW–SE. The Tongbai complex (TBC) in the core of the antiform is bounded by the S-dipping Yindian–Malong shear zone in the south, the sub-horizontal Taibaiding shear zone at the top and the N-dipping Hongyihe–Tongbai shear zone in the north. The three shear zones have dextral, top-to-NW and sinistral movement, respectively. They are parts of a single shear zone, termed the Tongbai shear zone, that has a uniform top-to-NW sense of shear. Three samples of deformed granitoid (mylonite or protomylonite) from the shear zone have U–Pb zircon ages of 145 ± 6 Ma, 142 ± 2 Ma and 131 ± 6 Ma, respectively. An L-tectonite in the TBC yielded a metamorphic age of 137 ± 8 Ma and a migmatite an age of 137 ± 1 Ma. The Tongbai shear zone is intruded by undeformed Early Cretaceous granite and dykes and deformation in the shear zone is constrained to ca. 140–135 Ma, synchronous with metamorphism and migmatization in the TBC. Early Cretaceous magma emplacement and the associated uplift modified the TBC into a gentle antiform and the uplift may have continued to ca. 102–85 Ma. Similar geometry and kinematics have been documented in the Dabie orogenic belt to the east, which suggests that the Central Orogenic Belt in China probably experienced a uniform orogen-parallel extension and top-to-NW shearing in the ductile lithosphere in the Early Cretaceous.     

The Jurassic – Tertiary unconformity: A new exploration target for supergene-enriched iron oxide copper-gold –style mineralization in the Humboldt mafic complex,Nevada, USA

A Late Cretaceous to Early Oligocene episode of paleoweathering and supergene activity has been identified within the Jurassic-age (170 Ma) Humboldt mafic complex (HMC) and associated Boyer Ranch Formation of west-central Nevada, USA. This episode is responsible for significant subaerial weathering, erosion, oxidation and most importantly local supergene metal enrichment which could potentially have a major economic impact upon iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG)-style mineralization within the complex and in the Boyer Ranch Formation. Paleoweathering profiles that developed on the exposed Jurassic surface during this time now mark an angular unconformity (J-T unconformity) with a stratigraphically overlying, Tertiary (Oligocene) rhyolitic volcanic-volcaniclastic sequence.Differential uplift of the Jurassic surface is a direct result of the Middle and/or Late Jurassic Luning-Fencemaker compressional overthrust faulting event during which the entire complex was tectonically transported to its present location. The uplifted Jurassic paleosurface experienced one or more cycles of weathering, erosion, depression of the water table and uninterrupted supergene activity beginning at the end of the Cretaceous and possibly accelerating during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Event (∼56 Ma). Geochemically mature supergene Cu-oxide profiles developed over exhumed mineralized sections in terrains with favorable fault block movements. These paloweathering systems evolved from moderately acidic pH to near-neutral or slightly alkaline pH environments over time. High protolith reactivity and low hypogene pyrite concentrations modified acidity of supergene fluids thus limiting Cu mobility.Profiles that survived erosion were later buried and preserved by the Oligocene-age rhyolitic volcanic-volcaniclastic sequence before the onset of mid-Tertiary Basin and Range normal faulting. Subsequent partial unroofing of overlying Tertiary volcanic cover resulted in further erosion of some profiles. Erosional remnants mapped in the field include all or some components of the original supergene Cu-oxide profiles. Drilling results suggest profiles that remain buried are generally intact.Although this field-oriented study is considered preliminary, it concludes that known Jurassic-age IOCG-style mineral occurrences in the central HMC have been subjected to prolonged subaerial paleoweathering and supergene activity that has not been previously recognized. Where complete or nearly complete profiles are preserved, efficient cumulative Cu-enrichment to potentially ore grades has been documented in well defined oxide zones. These findings can be extrapolated to the entire J-T unconformity along which concealed and enriched deposits may exist. As such, the unconformity is considered a prime exploration target that is highly prospective for new discoveries of economically viable, supergene-enriched IOCG resources.     

柴家沟钼矿复杂地层岩心钻探技术

柴家沟钼矿地层破碎、裂隙发育、蚀变多样、涌水、完整岩石坚硬,而且地质设计要求大部分为斜孔,钻探施工中遇钻孔漏水、坍塌掉块、进尺缓慢、跑斜严重等技术难题。从钻孔结构、冲洗液配置、护壁堵漏、硬岩钻进、涌水地层加重泥浆的使用、立轴式钻机斜孔施工注意事项等方面总结了钻探施工经验。     

多种钻探工艺技术在白涧铁矿区的应用实践

白涧铁矿区地层复杂多变,褶皱、断裂极为发育,使得钻探施工难度大。根据其地层条件,采用了多种钻探工艺技术,包括弹子式单管钻进、PDC绳索取心钻进、跟管钻进、金刚石绳索取心钻进。根据地层条件不同,采取了不同的冲洗液配制方案,在施工过程中灵活配合使用,取得良好的效果,顺利完成了预期任务。取得了明显的经济效益并积累了经验。     

中部地壳剪切带花岗质岩石变形及其对于构造-岩浆关系的约束:以滇西点苍山为例

哀牢山-红河剪切带剪切时间的厘定至今存在较多的争议,争议的本质更确切地说是对于剪切带内及其附近剪切作用与岩浆作用认识的差异。点苍山杂岩是位于哀牢山-红河剪切带北端的一个杂岩体,由西部的深变质岩、东部的叠加退变质带和不同时代的花岗质岩石组成。为了正确厘定剪切前、剪切期(包括剪切前期和剪切后期)、剪切后花岗质岩脉,剪切作用过程中构造变形与岩浆作用之间的关系,同时对哀牢山-红河剪切带剪切时间进行新的约束,本文围绕点苍山杂岩开展详细的宏观构造解析、显微构造观察和组构分析,以查明岩体(脉)岩浆流动构造和晶质塑性变形构造,同时对同剪切岩脉开展锆石U-Pb学分析。结果显示,剪切不同阶段就位的花岗质岩石具有不同的宏观构造、显微构造与组构特征。现今所见岩石变形构造、显微构造和组构特点一方面取决于递进剪切变形作用过程中的时间早晚,另一方面还与它们在递进剪切变形作用过程中的构造位置有密切联系。获得两组同剪切年龄为28.54±0.15Ma和27.31±0.23Ma,其中前者为剪切早期阶段同就位的花岗岩脉,后者为剪切稍晚阶段同就位的花岗岩。研究揭示出就位较晚的岩脉(即后者)因其位于递进剪切变形的高应变带而具有较为复杂的变形构造、显微构造和组构型式,就位较早的岩脉(前者)因在递进剪切变形作用过程中位于低应变带而具有简单的变形构造、显微构造和组构型式,并仍然保留有岩浆结晶组构特点。哀牢山-红河剪切带在28.54~27.31Ma间持续发生着从早期阶段较高温(~700℃),向中期阶段中高温(550~600℃)和晚期阶段低温(低于400℃)环境的递进剪切变形作用。     

无固相冲洗液在变质岩系复杂地层绳索取心钻进中的应用

辽宁省北镇市杜屯地区超大型石墨矿处于变质岩系中,在勘查过程中分析了该区变质岩系复杂地层的成因及特点,采用了绳索取心与无固相冲洗液钻进工艺,并分析了冲洗液对石墨岩矿层稳定性的影响,对冲洗液体系进行了优化,分析了冲洗液的护壁作用机理。同时对钻进过程中的技术应对措施进行了优化,解决了绳索取心钻进过程中钻杆结泥皮及技术套管的使用等问题,顺利地完成了矿床的勘探工作,取得了良好的技术经济成果。     

牛D1井复杂构造带绳索取心钻探工艺技术研究

复杂构造带的绳索取心钻探易发生井漏、井塌以及取心困难等难题,处理不当甚至可导致井眼报废。结合牛D1井实例,介绍了绳索取心钻探工艺在复杂地层所遇的施工难点,并分析诱发井漏、井塌以及取心困难的原因,指出常规防塌堵漏技术不能满足复杂构造带钻探施工原因,提出优选钻井液、优化钻具组合以及改进堵漏工艺等现场可操作的具体改进措施。总结的施工经验可为今后复杂构造带绳索取心钻探施工提供宝贵经验。