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11.
Zinc–lead–barite deposits located in Lefan and Lower Banik localities of about 25 km northeast of Zakho City, Northern Iraq
consist of a group of strata-bound sulfides hosted in Upper Cretaceous (Upper Campanian–Maastrichtian) dolomitic limestone.
Carbonate-hosted ores contain 3.77% Zn, 2% Pb, and 5% Fe, while in lower Banik, they contain 1.5% Zn, 0.37% Pb, and 1.4% Fe.
Diagenetic processes, such as dolomitization and recrystalization in addition to the type of microfacies, provided appropriate
physical and chemical conditions that permitted the passage of ore-bearing fluids and participated in precipitation and ore
localization. These deposits are precipitated in a platform and developed within the Foreland Thrust Belt. Ore precipitated
as infill of intergranular dolomite porosity with replaced dolomite and rudist shells forming disseminated crystals that occupy
intergranular pore spaces around dolomite and calcite and as infill of dissolution spaces and fractures. 相似文献
12.
R. W. Botz V. Georgiev P. Stoffers Kh. Khrischev V. Kostadinov 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(4):663-666
The Precipitation of carbonate cements in the Pobitite Kamani area (Lower Eocene) began during early diagenesis of sediments. There is evidence, however, that calcite is still forming today.The negative 13C values to –29.2 suggest that the carbonate formed during degradation of 12C-enriched organic matter (perhaps partly from oxidation of methane). The 18O values of –0.9 to –1.6 reflect the marine origin of the early diagenetic carbonate cements. Most of the carbonates, however, formed during late diagenesis (at approximately 1300 m burial depth) and/or recently (after uplift) from percolating groundwaters. These carbonates have an isotopic composition characteristic of carbonates which precipitated from meteoric waters under normal sedimentary temperatures in isotopic equilibrium with 12C-enriched soil carbon dioxide. 相似文献
13.
Aleksandar Mezga Christian A. Meyer Blanka Cvetko Teovi Zlatan Bajraktarevi Ivan Gui 《Cretaceous Research》2006,27(6):735-742
The first discovery of dinosaur footprints on the Dalmatian part of the Adriatic-Dinaric carbonate platform (ADCP) is reported. They constitute the geologically youngest record of footprints on the ADCP. The trackbearing layer was formed in the intertidal environment and represents the final stage of a shallowing-upward cycle. Just below it, a heavy dinoturbated limestone layer can be observed. Microfacies analysis, incorporating evidence from benthic foraminifera and algae, indicates a Late Turonian–Early Coniacian age. The overall morphology and size of the footprints points to sauropod dinosaurs; they represent the largest forms recorded so far on the ADCP. This hints at a prolonged sauropod presence on the platform and to its Late Cretaceous connection to the continent rather than isolation. 相似文献
14.
N. Takafuji K. Fujino T. Nagai Y. Seto D. Hamane 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(10):651-654
High-pressure and temperature experiments (28–62 GPa, and 1,490–2,000 K, corresponding to approximately 770–1,500 km depth in the mantle) have been conducted on a MgCO3 + SiO2 mixture using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with analytical transmission electron microscope observation of the product phases to constrain the fate of carbonates carried on the subducting basalt into the lower mantle. At these conditions, the decarbonation reaction MgCO3 (magnesite) + SiO2 (stishovite) → MgSiO3 (perovskite) + CO2 (solid) has been recognized. This indicates that above reaction takes place as a candidate for decarbonation of the carbonated subducting mid ocean ridge basalts in the Earth’s lower mantle. 相似文献
15.
Adrian Lawrence Marianne Stuart Colin Cheney Neil Jones Richard Moss 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1470-1482
Contaminant migration behaviour in the unsaturated zone of a fractured porous aquifer is discussed in the context of a study site in Cheshire, UK. The site is situated on gently dipping sandstones, adjacent to a linear lagoon historically used to dispose of industrial wastes containing chlorinated solvents. Two cores of more than 100 m length were recovered and measurements of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), inorganic chemistry, lithology, fracturing and aquifer properties were made. The results show that selecting an appropriate vertical sampling density is crucial both to providing an understanding of contaminant pathways and distinguishing whether CHCs are present in the aqueous or non-aqueous phase. The spacing of such sampling should be on a similar scale to the heterogeneity that controls water and contaminant movement. For some sections of the Permo-Triassic aquifer, significant changes in lithology and permeability occur over vertical distances of less than 1 m and samples need to be collected at this interval, otherwise considerable resolution is lost, potentially leading to erroneous interpretation of data. At this site, although CHC concentrations were high, the consistent ratio of the two main components of the plume (tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene) provided evidence of movement in the aqueous phase rather than in dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). 相似文献
16.
17.
Generalized equations using fractional-flow dimensions were derived to estimate the Darcy and seepage velocities obtained
from the point-dilution and the single-well injection-withdrawal field tests conducted in fractured-rock aquifers. Seepage
velocities can only be estimated from single-well tests if the hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic gradient are known
a priori. However, if a radial-convergent test is also performed between two boreholes, the kinematic porosity can be estimated
and be used to estimate the seepage velocity from the single-well test results.
To apply the generalized equations, the flow dimension and the extent of the flow region must be known. Therefore, the generalized
radial flow (GRF) model of Barker (1988; a generalized radial flow model for hydraulic tests in fractured rock. Water Resour
Res 24(10):1796–1804) is used to estimate the flow dimension because of its wide range of applications. A pumping test performed
on the boreholes will yield an estimate of the fractional-flow dimension by applying the GRF model.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
Predicting average annual groundwater levels from climatic variables: an empirical model 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
On the basis of one-dimensional theoretical water flow model, we demonstrate that the groundwater level variation follows a pattern similar to recharge fluctuation, with a time delay that depends on the characteristics of aquifer, recharge pattern as well as the distance between the recharge and observation locations. On the basis of a water budget model and the groundwater flow model, we propose an empirical model that links climatic variables to groundwater level. The empirical model is tested using a partial data set from historical records of water levels from more than 80 wells in a monitoring network for the carbonate rock aquifer, southern Manitoba, Canada. The testing results show that the predicted groundwater levels are very close to the observed ones in most cases. The overall average correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed water levels is 0.92. This proposed empirical statistical model could be used to predict variations in groundwater level in response to different climate scenarios in a climate change impact assessment. 相似文献
19.
Measures of local relief, regional relief, and slope were calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) for 50 bedrock units in the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge provinces of Tennessee. Each of these measures was normalized and the three were then averaged to produce the erosional resistance index (ERI). Bedrock units with higher ERI values include coarse clastics, intermediate clastics, and metaplutonics. Units with lower values include shales, limestones, limestones plus dolostones, and carbonates plus fine clastics. Dolostones tend to have intermediate values. The calculated ERI values were compared with subjective ratings by a geologist with decades of field experience in east Tennessee. Generally, the agreement between the two ratings was good, the most glaring exception being several shales with improbably high ERI values. These turned out to be thin units cropping out beneath very hard sandstones, allowing them to stand higher and steeper than would otherwise be possible. A systematic method for detecting such erroneously high ERI values is suggested. Inspection of a drainage map superimposed on the geology map shows that in a given area, streams tend to flow on rock units with the lowest ERI values. In addition, statistical analysis shows that bedrock units with the lowest ERI values are, on average, almost three times closer to the nearest stream and six times as likely to have streams flowing on them than are units with highest values. Further, the effect of ERI on stream location is strongest for streams with drainage areas between 1 and 30 km2. Thus, small streams appear to be subject to greater lithologic control than are larger streams. 相似文献
20.
滇中震旦系碳酸盐岩破碎地层的钻探护孔新技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
破碎地层中钻探,采用有效的护孔技术是避免孔内事故发生的重要手段,同时也是保证完成钻探各项技术经济指标的先决条件。本文阐述了在具代表性的磷矿破碎地层中钻进所遇到的护孔难题及其所采用的护孔新技术、新方法。 相似文献