Si stable isotopes in the Earth's surface: A review

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element on Earth after oxygen. Only few studies have attempted to use stable isotopes of Si as proxies for understanding the Si cycle and its variations in the past. By using three different methods (IRMS, MC–ICP–MS and SIMS), the overall measurements show that the isotopic composition (δ³⁰Si) of terrestrial samples ranges from − 5.7‰ to + 3.4‰. Dissolved Si in rivers and seawater is ³⁰Si-enriched (− 0.8‰ < δ³⁰Si < + 3.4‰) compared to Si in endogeneous rocks (− 1.1‰ < δ³⁰Si < + 0.7‰). This global enrichment is counterbalanced by the Si-bearing phases (biogenic silica, clays, quartz) where Si is, in average, ³⁰Si-depleted (− 5.7‰ < δ³⁰Si < + 2.6‰). These values are the result of fractionation which have been measured or estimated from − 0.3‰ to − 3.8‰. The fractionation is modeled by two types of approaches: the Rayleigh distillation model (closed system) and the steady-state model (open system). These models have been used in the most recent studies to explain the observed δ³⁰Si variations in continental environments and in the sub-Antarctic Ocean.     

中纬度地区混合云中稳定同位素分馏的数学模拟——以乌鲁木齐降水为例

文中介绍的数学模型考虑了混合云中液、固相共存时以及冰面过饱和环境下稳定同位素的动力分馏效应.利用该数学模型,模拟不同冷却条件下稳定同位素的温度效应.在相同的湿度条件下,湿绝热冷却过程中δ18O随温度的变化率小于等压冷却过程.冰面过饱和比S;的增大意味着动力分馏效应的增大.与平衡态过程相比,它的作用使得稳定同位素的综合分馏系数减小,从而使得降水中δ18O随温度的变化趋缓.模拟结果显示,湿绝热冷却过程中大气水线(MWLδD=bδ18O+d)的梯度项b和常数项d均大于等压冷却过程.不同的冰面过饱和比对大气水线的影响是不同的.与冰面过饱和比相比,b和d的大小对云中含水量的变化敏感性较低.模拟结果还显示,乌鲁木齐的降水不是来自海洋水汽的初始凝结.在经历了长途输送之后,乌鲁木齐降水中的稳定同位素成分在很大程度上被衰减.模拟的稳定同位素比率/温度、δD/δ18O曲线分别与乌鲁木齐实测的稳定同位素比率/温度回归线以及大气水线有非常好的一致性.     

Phosphorus retention and release by sediments in the eutrophic Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong

This study examined the phosphorus retention and release characteristics of sediments in the eutrophic Mai Po Marshes in Hong Kong. Results of chemical fractionation show that the sum of inorganic P pools exceeded 50% of the total sediment P content, with the redox-sensitive iron-bound P (Fe(OOH) approximately P) being the dominant P fraction. Given the considerable average Fe(OOH) approximately P concentration of 912 microg g(-1), Mai Po sediments demonstrated a great potential to release bioavailable P under low sediment redox potentials. This was further supported by the high mean anaerobic P flux of 31.8 mg m(-2)d(-1) recorded in Mai Po sediment cores, indicating the role of bottom sediments as a net P source. Although sediments in Mai Po had appreciable Langmuir adsorption maxima (1642-3582 mg kg(-1)), the high zero equilibrium P concentrations (0.02-0.51 mg L(-1)) obtained suggest that sediment sorption processes would contribute to sustaining the eutrophic conditions in overlying water column even with a further reduction in external P load. Concerted efforts should be made to reduce internal loading of P, especially under reducing conditions, to complement the implementation of zero discharge policy for Deep Bay for effective eutrophication abatement and long-term water quality improvement in the Mai Po Marshes.     

树轮氢、氧同位素研究进展

总结了树轮氢氧同位素的分馏原理及其时间序列和空间变化与气候变迁之间的关系。研究表明,树轮氢氧同位素组成的变异反映了源水同位素组成、温度、相对湿度和降水量的变化。同时,对今后树轮同位素的发展方向作了展望。     

塔里木盆地气－液溶解平衡机制下的原油轻烃行为及其地质意义

塔北地区普遍存在气顶型凝析气藏和带油环的凝析气藏。与传统烃类热演化理论相矛盾的是：１）天然气的成熟度远高于油环原油或凝析油；２）高－过成熟天然气与同藏的原油间存在明显的物性不匹配。结合地质背景，认为这种矛盾是由后期形成的干气进入已形成的油藏并溶解原油轻烃这一过程所致，凝析气中的轻烃是气－液溶解平衡的产物。地质历史时期凝析气与油环分离或产生凝析油气藏或混入其它油藏的蒸发分馏作用过程导致了轻烃的油藏再分配，形成了塔北地区纵向上原油轻烃的“反序”分布趋势及某些参数的异常分布。认为烃类的气－液相溶解平衡作用是原始原油轻烃分布特征后期演变的主要控制机制之一。其实质是不同性质轻烃气液两相差异性分配基础上的物理化学分异过程。