消油剂和120#燃料油对海胆DNA损伤及甲基化影响

利用120#燃料油分散液和消油剂处理的乳化液测定海胆急性毒性和慢性DNA损伤及全基因组甲基化水平变化,确定消油剂处理的120#燃料油对海胆的毒性影响。结果表明:消油剂单独使用对海胆的影响微乎其微,经消油剂处理的燃料油乳化液中的多环芳烃质量浓度明显高于分散液中的质量浓度;乳化液和分散液对海胆都有明显的毒性作用,其96h半数效应浓度(EC50)值分别为12.03g/L和29.15g/L;DNA损伤研究表明,乳化液处理的海胆肠细胞彗星拖尾情况比同质量浓度分散液中拖尾情况更加严重;全基因组甲基化水平比分散液中更低,表明乳化液的急性毒性更大,所造成的DNA损伤更加严重。结果提示消油剂的使用会增大燃料油对海胆的毒性效应。     

海底生物燃料电池作为电源驱动小型电子器件的应用研究

海底沉积物生物燃料电池(简称海底生物燃料电池)是一种新型的海洋能源材料电池,它的发电机理主要是利用海底沉积层内细菌代谢产生电子,通过人工放置的改性阳极收集电子,产生电能,可用于驱动水下监测仪器的长期连续运行.本研究首先设计海底生物燃料电池实验室装置,利用电池串联升压的方式,实现其驱动小型电子装置和监测仪器的连续运行.在此基础上,设计并安装了实际海况电池实验装置,利用并联设计和特殊升压装置,在胶州湾浅海成功驱动小型电子装置的运行.本研究初步验证了海底生物燃料电池作为电源驱动仪器的可行性.     

基于遥感的漳平市杉松林地表可燃物负荷量估测

 杉木林和马尾松是分布于漳平市的两种易燃的可燃物类型。其可燃物负荷量的多少决定着林火行为。在利用ASTER计算杉木林小班平均植被覆盖度的基础上估算其郁闭度,通过与地面调查结果比较分析,校正已发生明显变化的小班郁闭度。根据已有估测方程,结合小班数据中的年龄、胸径和树高等因子对杉木地表可燃物负荷量进行了估测,据此对各杉木小班的燃烧性、燃烧强度及火险等级等因素进行初步评价。最后对漳平市另一易燃的可燃物马尾松类型开展地表可燃物负荷量估测及分析。     

Monitoring Forest Fire Danger with Remote Sensing

Our paper presents a review of the use of remote sensing technologies for forest wildfire danger monitoring, with a particular emphasis on its applicability to fuel moisture monitoring. Remote sensing of fuel moisture was first done with NOAA-AVHRR NDVI images, but NDVI is more related to vegetation greenness rather than water stress. NOAA-AVHRR surface temperature images were also used, alone or in association with NDVI images. Both kinds of images have a limited image availability due to cloud cover. This is not the case for radar images, but their use in fuel moisture monitoring is still experimental, because of the noisy effects of several factors. Finally, the paper discusses the operational potentials and limitations of the use of each kind of satellite data for fire danger monitoring.     

Ethanol Production Using Corn,Switchgrass, and Wood; Biodiesel Production Using Soybean and Sunflower

Energy outputs from ethanol produced using corn, switchgrass, and wood biomass were each less than the respective fossil energy inputs. The same was true for producing biodiesel using soybeans and sunflower, however, the energy cost for producing soybean biodiesel was only slightly negative compared with ethanol production. Findings in terms of energy outputs compared with the energy inputs were: • Ethanol production using corn grain required 29% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Ethanol production using switchgrass required 50% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Ethanol production using wood biomass required 57% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Biodiesel production using soybean required 27% more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced (Note, the energy yield from soy oil per hectare is far lower than the ethanol yield from corn). • Biodiesel production using sunflower required 118% more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced.     

Is there an Insect Signal for the "Little Ice Age"?

The downturn in temperature in the late medieval period is likely to have had significant impact upon insect distribution. Despite the amount of study fossil insect faunas have been afforded, there is presently little convincing evidence of climatic, rather than human impact upon faunas during the "Little Ice Age". This probably reflects as much the paucity of suitable sites, as the overarching scale of habitat destruction by Man.     

云南新生代断陷盆地的环境地质记录

盆地的环境地质记录是从盆地的形成、发展演变、沉积物形成的地球化学与古气候环境、沉积物堆积后所经历的压实、成岩来加以研究的。除无机介质(矿物)外的有机质,在成岩压实受热过程中化学成分与结构的变化,也是盆地环境地质记录的一部分,环境地质研究的归宿是对矿产—化石燃料形成与潜能的估价,完整的研究应该包括化石燃料形成(成烃成煤)环境及成藏(保存)环境等。对云南滇西陇川、瑞丽及保山等三个新生代断陷盆地环境地质记录的研究揭示,在极其相似的盆地形成演变、沉积地球化学与古气候、成岩与成烃背景基础上,化石燃料的形成与潜能在三个盆地具有差异性;指出陇川盆地以找寻煤型气及初熟(低熟)油为主,保山盆地以寻找浅部生物成因气及煤型气为主,瑞丽盆地相对潜能较差,仅有生物气浅部产出的可能。     

Carbon capture and storage, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, and the escape from the fossil-fuel lock-in

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is increasingly depicted as an important element of the carbon dioxide mitigation portfolio. However, critics have warned that CCS might lead to “reinforced fossil fuel lock-in”, by perpetuating a fossil fuel based energy provision system. Due to large-scale investments in CCS infrastructure, the fossil fuel based ‘regime’ would be perpetuated to at least the end of this century.In this paper we investigate if and how CCS could help to avoid reinforcing fossil fuel lock-in. First we develop a set of criteria to estimate the degree of technological lock-in. We apply these criteria to assess the lock-in reinforcement effect of adding CCS to the fossil fuel socio-technical regime (FFR).In principle, carbon dioxide could be captured from any carbon dioxide point source. In the practice of present technological innovations, business strategies, and policy developments, CCS is most often coupled to coal power plants. However, there are many point sources of carbon dioxide that are not directly related to coal or even fossil fuels. For instance, many forms of bio-energy or biomass-based processes generate significant streams of carbon dioxide emissions. Capturing this carbon dioxide which was originally sequestered in biomass could lead to negative carbon dioxide emissions.We use the functional approach of technical innovations systems (TIS) to estimate in more detail the strengths of the “niches” CCS and Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS). We also assess the orientation of the CCS niche towards the FFR and the risk of crowding out BECCS. Next we develop pathways for developing fossil energy carbon capture and storage, BECCS, and combinations of them, using transition pathways concepts. The outcome is that a large-scale BECCS development could be feasible under certain conditions, thus largely avoiding the risk of reinforced fossil fuel lock-in.     

6300ZC型柴油机加中冷节能研究

在６３００ＺＣ型柴油机上加装中冷器以实现节能，并对其技术关键的热阻与风阻损失问题进行了研究，设计研制了二代样机。经实船试验，节油率在３％～８％；经台架对比试验，耗油率从２１５ｇ／（ｋＷ·ｈ）降到２０９／（ｋＷ·ｈ）。     

辽宁田师傅早中侏罗世植物群

田师傅植物群系我国北方典型的早中侏罗世植物群之一,产自辽宁本溪田师傅盆地及风城赛马-(?)阳盆地的下侏罗统长梁子组、中侏罗统大堡组及三个岭组。该植物群由34属77种植物组成。本文通过含植物化石地层剖面简介阐明化石的产地和层位,对以往的化石名单进行修订,对部分重要化石作了描述。