Shoal‐water deltas in high‐accommodation settings: Insights from the lacustrine Valimi Formation (Gulf of Corinth,Greece)

The stratigraphic architecture of shoal‐water deltaic systems developed in low‐accommodation settings is relatively well‐known. In contrast, the features of shoal‐water deltas developed in high‐accommodation settings remain relatively poorly documented, especially when compared with the available data sets for Gilbert‐type deltaic systems developed in the same settings. The lacustrine Valimi Formation (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) provides an opportunity to investigate the facies assemblage and architectural style of shoal‐water deltaic systems developed in high‐accommodation settings. The studied interval accumulated during the Pliocene and Pleistocene and represents part of the early syn‐rift Gulf of Corinth succession. Six facies associations, each described in terms of depositional processes and geometries, have been identified and interpreted to represent a range of proximal to distal deltaic sub‐environments: delta plain, distributary channel, mouth‐bar, delta front, prodelta and open lake. The facies associations and their architectural elements reveal characteristics which are not common in traditionally described shoal‐water deltas. Of note, different facies arrangements are observed in the distributary channels in different sectors of the delta, passing from thick single‐storey channel fills embedded within delta‐plain fines in landward positions, to thin, amalgamated and multi‐storey channels closer to the river mouth. This study proposes a new depositional model for shoal‐water deltas in high‐accommodation settings documenting, for the first time, that shoal‐water delta deposits can form a substantial part of stratigraphic successions that accumulate in these settings. The proposed depositional model provides new criteria for the recognition and interpretation of these deposits; the results of this study have applied significance for reservoir characterization.     

西藏雄村铜金矿区侏罗系砂岩地球化学特征:对构造背景的约束

西藏雄村铜金矿区位于冈底斯造山带中段南缘,其南紧邻雅鲁藏布缝合带(IYS)和日喀则弧前盆地,北为谢通门始新世大岩基。通过对雄村矿区砂岩进行系统的镜下鉴定,主量、微量元素分析,揭示雄村组砂岩构造背景和物源属性。研究结果显示,雄村砂岩样品SiO_2含量53.27%~66.13%,平均含量58.27%,与古生代杂砂岩(66.1%)相近。Al_2O_3含量较高(14.53%~24.04%),平均20.12%,指示砂岩长石矿物较多且黏土化较强。综合微观特征,雄村砂岩为长石岩屑砂岩。主量元素中特征氧化物组合Fe2O3+MgO(7.3%~17.6%)、TiO_2(0.68%~1.25%)、Al_2O_3/SiO_2(0.22%~0.45%)与大洋岛弧成因砂岩值相似;微量元素蛛网图上雄村砂岩相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti及HREE等高场强元素而富集K、Rb、U、REE等大离子亲石元素,REE球粒陨石标准化后具有轻稀土富集而重稀土元素较平坦的右倾分布模式。特征微量元素Th(2.5×10~(-6))、Zr(114×10~(-6))、Hf(3.6×10~(-6))、Ce(27.95×10~(-6))、Ti(0.54×10~(-6))含量及Th/U(2.9)、Zr/Th(46)、La/Sc(0.72)、Th/Sc(0.11)比值表明雄村砂岩具有大洋岛弧成因性质,La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10等判别图解显示砂岩形成源区可能位于大洋岛弧环境。稀土元素页岩标准化后具有弱负Ce异常及正Eu异常,指示砂岩受海水及深部热液双重影响,同样与大洋岛弧环境页岩标准化后特征相似。Co/Th-La/Sc和La/Th-Hf图解表明雄村砂岩物源区为长英质中酸性火山岩源区和安山质火山弧源区,结合他人对砂岩中碎屑锆石的年龄研究,认为雄村矿区砂岩没有早于晚三叠世的碎屑锆石,具有岛弧火山岩源区特点。     

西藏谢通门县雄村斑岩型铜金矿集区I号矿体的岩石地球化学特征:对成矿构造背景的约束

本文以雄村矿集区I号铜金矿体为研究对象,通过对含矿斑岩-含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩、赋矿凝灰岩以及不含矿斑岩-角闪石英闪长玢岩的岩石地球化学研究,认为这三类岩石属钙碱性岩石系列,具有与岛弧火山岩相类似的地球化学特征,表现为Mg#值介于38～78(平均44),高钾、富铝,TiO2含量较低,相对富集LREE、LILE,亏损HREE、HFS,缺少Eu异常。结合雄村矿区I号矿体的成岩成矿时代以及岩石地球化学特征,认为I号矿体的成岩成矿事件应该发生于新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲于拉萨地块之下而形成的岛弧环境,火山/侵入岩可能是俯冲带的新特提斯洋壳释放出的流体交代楔形地幔区的EMI型富集地幔的产物。     

准噶尔盆地腹部压性背景下“二元体系域”层序构型特征及其形成机理

在对野外露头、综合录井、地震资料、层序地层学分析研究的基础上,认为准噶尔盆地层序构型与传统层序模型强调的"三元体系域"不同,具有典型的"二元体系域"特征(低位粗碎屑体系域和湖扩超覆细碎屑体系域),结合准噶尔盆地构造演化及沉积充填过程,认为多幕逆冲挤压和松弛后稳定沉降相互耦合的作用过程是构成"二元体系域"的主要机制,形成过程可以划分为平静期、活动期和萎缩期3个阶段。在此基础上,建立了盆地斜列型砂体预测模型和削截尖灭型砂体预测模型。     

准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造环境意义

准噶尔盆地石炭纪发育区域性的火山岩建造,火山岩岩性以中基性为主,主要为玄武岩、玄武安山岩,同时发育少量酸性的流纹岩,基本属于钙碱性系列。样品全碱(Na_2O+K_2O=2.99%～8.07%)和TiO_2(0.30%～2.57%)含量较高,K_2O含量(0.13%～3.29%)较低,稀土元素含量(∑REE)中等。球粒标准化的REE配分表现轻稀土元素(LREE)相对于重稀土元素(HREE)富集((La/Yb)_N=2.47～7.45)、轻重稀土分异的特征,部分样品的Eu和大部分样品的Ce显示轻微的负异常(δEu=0.543～1.088,δCe=0.787～0.987)。微量元素具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集及高场强元素Nb、Ta亏损的特征,大部分样品(Rb/Yb)_N均远大于1。这些特征结合元素相关环境判别图解表明,准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩是原始岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用后的产物,以板内大陆环境为主,兼具有部分岛弧特征,形成于俯冲碰撞造山期后伸展背景下,火山岩所具有的岛弧特征是碰撞前混染弧组分的继承。     

Geochronology (SHRIMP II) of zircons from Archean stratotectonic associations of Karelian greenstone belts: Significance for stratigraphic and geodynamic reconstructions

Individual grains of zircon from the Archean Kostomuksha, North Karelian and Matkalakhta greenstone belts, which are situated respectively in western, northern and eastern Karelia, are studied using the ion microprobe SHRIMP II. As a result, the oldest ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 3151 ± 4.6 and 3329 ± 16 Ma are first determined for detrital zircons from northern and eastern Karelia. The ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages estimated for two subsequent metamorphic events of Archean Eon in eastern Karelia correspond to 3.25 and 3.17–3.10 Ga. The age value of 2711 ± 9.6 Ma is determined for silicic volcano-plutonic complex and quartz stockwork in northern Karelia and the date 2821 ± 15 Ma for magmatic rocks of eastern Karelia. Silicic volcanics from an oceanic plateau section in the Kostomuksha belt are dated at 2791.7 ± 6.1 Ma for the first time in the Archean of Fennoscandia. The oldest detrital zircons from siliciclastic metasediments determine the stabilization time of Archean continental nuclei in East Fennoscandia. The younger generation of greenstone belts is exemplified in the Karelian craton by the Matkalakhta and Kostomuksha structures comprising rock associations less than 2.82 Ga old, mafic rocks of the Kontokki Group included. Geological history of these belts corresponds to geodynamic mesocycle 90–110 Ma long and to the Archean global epoch of metallogeny, which was responsible for origin of most valuable deposits of base and precious metals.     

正确判断极破碎岩对拟建场地施工的重要意义

通过工程实例，解剖了对极破碎岩的认识过程，说明了解拟建场地的地质背景对正确判断岩土层性质和地基承载力大小的重要意义。     

勉略结合带五里坝火山岩的地球化学研究及其构造意义

五里坝火山岩位于扬子与秦岭微板块的分界断裂:巴山弧两河—饶峰—石泉—高川蛇绿构造混杂带内,岩石为一套双峰式火山岩组合,由亚碱性玄武岩和亚碱性英安流纹岩组成。基性岩和酸性岩均具有显著的Nb、Ta亏损,玄武岩的Th/Yb-Ta/Yb和Ti/Zr-Ti/Y不活动痕量元素组合特征指示这套双峰式火山岩具有岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,形成于特殊的洋内岛弧弧内裂陷的大地构造环境。五里坝火山岩应是勉略洋盆在古生代晚期—中生代早期发育期间洋壳俯冲及裂陷的岩浆作用产物。它可能是勉略缝合带在巴山弧地区出露的重要岩石学证据。     

广东沿海新构造运动的大陆动力学背景

广东沿海新构造运动的大陆动力学背景了受周边板块运动影响外，还受该区大地构造演化的历史和壳幔深部结构制约。该区新构造应力场变化为：晚第三纪，陆缘裂陷盆地区为SSE为拉张，粤东、粤中沿海陆地局部为近SN向挤压；上新世晚期至今，为NWW-SEE向挤压。燕山晚期以来沿海地区“华夏山系”的造山后拉伸塌陷和岩石圈拆沉作用，导致地壳张裂，软流圈上涌，对广东沿海的新构造运动重要的控制作用。此外，广东沿海上地幔的高热状态和地壳内部的流变分层结构，是该区新构造运动和地震发生的重要的深部结构因素。     

用CSS样式动态整形地震目录查询结果

在开发地震目录查询系统的过程中，通过CSS样式和PHP程序的结合运用。可动态地控制地震目录查询系统的返回结果，使查询结果的显示可以随获取的地震目录的条数而改变。极大地方便查询者。