塔里木盆地与相邻褶皱带的区域构造演化

据新地质资料 ,塔里木盆地和周边褶皱带的区域构造演化可分为四个阶段 :( 1)前震旦纪 :“古新疆克拉通”的形成 ;( 2 )震旦纪—中泥盆世 :“古南天山洋”的开合和“新疆克拉通板块”的重新拼合 ;( 3 )晚泥盆世—三叠纪 :“新疆克拉通板块”的局部裂解与拼贴 ,“新天山洋”的开与合 ;( 4 )侏罗纪—第四纪 :冈底斯地块北向碰撞 ,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞 ,塔里木盆地及周边区域构造格局最终形成。     

造山带逆冲推覆构造研究的主要新进展

造山带逆冲推覆构造研究是造山带研究中最为重要的课题之一。造山带外带即前陆褶皱冲断带(主要发育盖层冲断推覆体,一般遵循薄皮构造变形规则)与造山带内带(主要是基底褶皱推覆体,呈现厚皮构造变形规律)结晶逆冲推覆构造的几何学、运动学特征存在较大差异,二者形成机制也不相同,但其间仍有紧密的联系。近20年来造山带逆冲推覆构造研究的主要新进展为:①前陆褶皱冲断带逆冲断层及其相关褶皱的几何学特征分析已趋定量化,对其组合类型与演化时序有了更全面的认识,且对前陆褶皱冲断带的发展演化模式取得了新的共识,即遵循临界库仑楔模式;②平衡剖面技术在前陆褶皱冲断带的应用已从二维平衡与复原演进到三维平衡与复原,且日渐计算机化;③对造山带内带结晶基底逆冲推覆构造的主要类型(C型与F型逆冲岩席)及其特征已有较深的理解;④对前陆褶皱冲断带与结晶基底逆冲构造的相互关系及其形成演化模式有了新认识。目前造山带逆冲推覆构造研究过程中存在的主要问题为:①造山带内带结晶逆冲推覆构造的研究比较薄弱;②造山带晚期走滑构造及伸展构造的叠加与改造使得造山带内结晶逆冲推覆构造更为复杂化,致使其研究难度加大;③全面、精细的造山带深部地球物理资料较缺乏;④造山带内结晶逆冲岩席变形变质历史与超高压变质岩的形成机制及折返过程之间的关系尚未揭示清楚。在今后研究过程中应加强对上述问题的深入研究。     

中亚蛇绿岩带研究进展及区域构造连接

中亚地区分布着数十条不同时代和不同性南的蛇绿岩带,这些形成于早古生代或新元古代的蛇绿岩带由于受后期构造变动的强破坏,只在极少数地点保存良好。尽管出露分散,确定其时代和性质有一定困难,但其仍具极其重要的构造单元划分、对比和连接意义。在对比和讨论蛇绿岩带的连接时,应以微体化石给出信息为主,同时参考蛇岩下部组分的同位素年代学数据。讨论了新疆东北部邻区和西部邻区蛇绿岩带的时代和性质,以及这些蛇绿岩带的对此     

羌塘盆地性质及构造演化

羌塘盆地位于班公湖-怒江缝合带和西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带之间,是一沉积盆地,分为羌南坳陷、中央隆起、羌北坳陷。盆地形成演化受特提斯构造带地球动力学控制。对盆地地层格架和区内碎屑岩的主要矿物成分、化学成分、微量元素以及火成岩化学成分的分析表明,羌塘盆地系不同类型盆地叠置而成的多旋回叠合盆地。晚古生代至中生代初为克拉通裂谷盆地、晚三叠世-侏罗纪为前陆盆地、白垩纪-第四纪为挤压抬升阶段,形成山间断陷盆地。      

博茨瓦纳三级成矿区带划分

博茨瓦纳以盛产金刚石闻名于世,但其基础地质和矿产地质研究的程度并不高。文章依据地质构造单元、主要矿种和主要成矿类型的成矿单元划分原则,将博茨瓦纳划分为太古宙津巴布韦克拉通铜-镍-钴-金多金属成矿带、太古宙卡普瓦尔克拉通铁-锰-金多金属成矿带、古元古代林波波铜-镍成矿带、太古宙刚果克拉通(铜)成矿带、新元古代达马拉铜-锡成矿区、卡拉哈里盆地煤-金刚石-铀成矿区等6个Ⅲ级成矿区带,并对这些成矿区带的主要特征进行了阐述。     

A 1.5D model of the steady-state thermal structure of detachment folds

We present a 1.5D steady-state model of thermal perturbations in the core of detachment anticlines. The model incorporates the effects of heat conduction, advection by folding, radiogenic sources, and conversion of work into heat by viscous dissipation. We work out analytical solutions of model's equations for heat flow and temperature field for the case of low amplitude detachment folds growing in a thick homogeneous stratigraphy.Our analytical solutions for the simplest case of no heat sources show that detachment folds develop a thermal boundary layer. Conduction of heat dominates inside the layer, whereas advection of heat by folding prevails outside the boundary layer. We also find that heat flow in a growing detachment fold decays exponentially with the square of the thickness of the detached stratigraphic section. When heat sources are included into the problem we find that radiogenic heat generates thermal anomalies at the crest of the anticlines whereas viscous dissipation produces thermal anomalies at the core of the detachment fold.We analyze three cases of geological interest: detachment folds growing in evaporitic sequences, marine carbonates, and shaley sediments. For a typical uplift rate of 2 mm/yr conduction dominates in the first class of rocks. Viscous dissipation dominates in folds growing in limestone due to its high viscosity. Advection and the generation of heat by radiogenic isotopes dominate the growth of detachment folds in shale. Additionally, the cooling histories of Lagrangian particles embedded in the fold for the last two cases are analyzed. The core of the fold is characterized by rapid cooling whereas the limbs cool at slower rates than the core. Thus, the development of detachment anticlines may either accelerate maturation of source rocks and expand the maturation window or halt it by removing source rocks from the generating window.     

南北地震带大地形变监测与大震预测问题思考

本文以南北地震带及其附近地区大地形变监测与地震预测实践为基础,简要总结回顾了利用大地形变进行强震预测研究的工作思路、方法和一些进展;进而结合2001年昆仑山口西8．1级、2008年四川汶川8．0级特大地震前区域地壳运动变形背景和已有的研究结果,分析和探讨了基于大地形变监测,并考虑地震构造的差异性来进一步提高大震预测的科...     

中国东南部中生代基性岩脉时空分布与形成机理

中国东南部发育的基性岩脉见于中生代各个时期,其年龄从内陆至沿海逐渐变新,与区内花岗岩年龄有相同的变化趋势,但两者活动高峰期不重合。基性岩脉主要发育于花岗岩体内部的拉裂带,鲜见穿过花岗岩上方或周围的沉积变质盖层。中生代各时期的基性岩脉与相应时期的中酸性和基性火山岩浆活动具有清晰的分带现象。进一步研究表明,基性岩脉与同期基性火山岩应是同源不同相的产物,而中酸性喷发的岩浆与基性喷发(侵入)的岩浆,则可能分别来自壳内熔融层和壳下(地幔)熔融层或壳内岩浆层的上部和下部。中酸性与基性岩浆活动的"错峰"现象和基性岩脉带的"迁移"现象,均与本区中生代陆壳系统的内能变化有关。     

Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Morichito piggyback basin, Eastern Venezuelan Basin

The Morichito piggyback basin (MPB) is a SW-NE-oriented depocenter in the Eastern Venezuelan Foreland Basin (EVFB). This piggyback basin formed by overlying the Pirital thrust during the middle to late Miocene as a result of oblique collision between the Caribbean and South-American Plates. The MPB covers an area encompassing approximately 1000 km² between the Serrania del Interior range and the Pirital high, which is a hanging wall uplift along the Pirital thrust that acts as a confining barrier on the southern boundary of the MPB. Previous studies have tried to address the tectonostratigraphic significance of the MPB, but new biostratigraphic information and recently acquired 3D seismic data have allowed us to expand the understanding of this basin. The MPB occupies a relatively small area of the EVFB; however, the MPB contains a valuable stratigraphic record that can be used to unveil the timing of the main deformational events that took place in the EVFB.This work presents the tectonostratigraphic evolution of the MPB by defining four tectonostratigraphic sequences (T1-T4). Each sequence was defined on the basis of integration of well logs, biostratigraphy, and seismic geomorphological interpretations. T1 (24-16 Ma) (late Oligocene to middle Miocene), which was deposited in shallow-marine environments, extends to the south of the Pirital high beyond the boundaries of the MPB. T1 is equivalent to the early foredeep stage of the EVFB, having been formed when structural deformation and uplifting were already occurring to the north on the proto-Serrania del Interior range (∼24-16 Ma) and the Pirital thrust was active (∼22 Ma). T2 (16-11 Ma) (middle to late Miocene) is composed of alluvial-fan deposits derived from the proto-Serrania del Interior range. The geometry and internal configuration of T2 indicate that during this time the basin was transitioning from an open-foreland basin to a confined piggyback basin. During deposition of T2, the Pirital fault was active as an out-of-sequence thrusting event (16-∼11 ma). T3 (late Miocene) and T4 (early Pliocene to Recent), composed of shallow-marine and fluvial deposits, were deposited in an already restricted piggyback basin. The Pirital high was already in place during deposition of T3 (∼11-9.3 ma). T3 and T4 represent the final phases of MPB infilling, when tectonic activity and subsidence were at their lowest rates. MPB sedimentary infilling dates the activity of thrusting events in the proto-Serrania del Interior (∼24-16 Ma), timing of maximum deformation associated with the Pirital out-of-sequence thrusting event (16-∼11 Ma), timing of final emplacement of the Pirital high (∼11-9.3 Ma), and the beginning of tectonic quiescence (<5.2 Ma).