峨眉山大火成岩省东区普安玄武岩系年代学、地球化学及成因研究

广泛分布于中国西南川、滇、黔三省的峨眉山玄武岩是我国最早被国际认可的大火成岩省,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注.前人对大火成岩省西区玄武岩已达成多项共识,而对东区玄武岩的岩石组合、火山活动时限、岩石成因等方面还存在诸多争议.本文以峨眉山大火成岩省东区贵州普安玄武岩系为研究对象,通过解析典型剖面,明确该区玄武岩系岩石类型从底...     

铀成矿机理的统一性探讨

为探讨不同类型铀矿床是否可能本质上都是地幔柱作用的产物，在“全球热液铀矿成因理论”和“热点铀成矿理论”等前人研究基础之上，结合岩浆岩锆石铀、钍含量研究初步揭示了：（1）铀、钍主要富集于外地核；（2）洋岛玄武岩、板内玄武岩、高分异花岗岩及伟晶岩型铀矿可能为地幔柱产物。对比国内多种类型铀矿床科研成果，总结发现有一定数量的铀矿床与洋岛玄武岩、板内玄武岩、A型花岗岩以及高分异花岗岩紧密伴生，成矿与成岩时空基本耦合。如四川攀枝花大田混合岩型铀矿和松辽盆地钱家店–白兴吐砂岩型铀矿伴生两类玄武岩；甘肃芨岭钠交代型铀矿和陕西商丹伟晶岩型铀矿区伴生两类花岗岩；粤北诸广–贵东花岗岩型铀矿区、赣南多类型铀矿区和江西相山、新疆白杨河火山岩型铀矿区伴生以上四类岩石类型。分析认为上述岩石类型可能是由地幔柱生成并起着导矿或导矿兼储矿的关键作用，据此提出铀矿“核源–地幔柱”成因认识，即：外地核是铀元素的主要发源地，地幔柱是铀运移的统一通道，铀成矿过程可能是外地核中的金属铀呈铀氢化物或铀合金氢化物等形式沿地幔柱上升迁移，直至在浅部地质体氧化聚集成固态铀矿物的过程。     

The Deccan tholeiite lavas and dykes of Ghatkopar–Powai area,Mumbai, Panvel flexure zone: Geochemistry,stratigraphic status,and tectonic significance

Mumbai City, situated on the western Indian coast, is well known for exposures of late-stage Deccan pillow basalts and spilites, pyroclastic rocks, rhyolite lavas, and trachyte intrusions. These rock units, and a little-studied sequence of tholeiitic flows and dykes in the eastern part of Mumbai City, constitute the west-dipping limb of a regional tectonic structure called the Panvel flexure. Here we present field, petrographic, major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic data on these tholeiitic flows and dykes, best exposed in the Ghatkopar–Powai area. The flows closely resemble the Mahabaleshwar Formation of the thick Western Ghats sequence to the east, in Sr–Nd isotopic ratios and multielement patterns, but have other geochemical characteristics (e.g., incompatible trace element ratios) unlike the Mahabaleshwar or any other Formation. The flows may have originated from a nearby eruptive center, possibly offshore of Mumbai. Two dykes resemble the Ambenali Formation of the Western Ghats in all geochemical characteristics, though they may not represent feeders of the Ambenali Formation lavas. Most dykes are distinct from any of the Western Ghats stratigraphic units. Some show partial (e.g., Sr–Nd isotopic) similarities to the Mahabaleshwar Formation, and these include several dykes with unusual, concave-downward REE patterns suggesting residual amphibole and thus a lithospheric source. The flows and dykes are inferred to have undergone little or no contamination, by lower continental crust. Most dykes are almost vertical, suggesting emplacement after the formation of the Panvel flexure, and indicate considerable east–west lithospheric extension during this late but magmatically vigorous stage of Deccan volcanism.