动水大通道突水灾害治理关键技术

为了更加细微和形象地刻画保浆袋囊钻孔控制注浆动水快速截流局部和整体发展过程,按照等流速原理构建了巷道进水口在给定水头边界条件下CFD-DEM流固耦合数学模型,在2 000 m³/h和20 000 m³/h突水水量等流速条件下,分别对有无保浆袋囊工况22 mm粒径骨料灌注堆积阻水体建造过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明：(1) 低流速条件骨料都能堆积接顶,高流速条件骨料都只能堆积至巷高的3/4,主要差异是有袋囊工况阻水体堆积至相同高度所需时长都更短且都具有高阻弱渗阻水性能。(2) 高流速条件阻水体不能局部接顶情况下,单纯增大骨料粒径仍然难以局部接顶,但是单纯增加骨料灌注速度可以局部快速接顶。(3) 分析有无袋囊工况阻水体建造结果差异原因,得到保浆袋囊钻孔控制注浆动水快速截流机制其一是袋囊自身快速充填了部分阻水体空间,相当于提前完成了部分骨料铺底和充填阶段;其二是阻水体高阻弱渗的阻水性能,可以减少堵水后期阻水段快速升压阻水体突破再造次数,同时有利于补充注浆阶段浆液快速凝结。

     

黄陇煤田综放采煤顶板导水裂缝带高度发育特征

为了研究黄陇煤田综采放顶煤（综放）采煤工艺条件下的导水裂缝带高度及其发育规律,系统收集区内各矿井实测数据资料,采用数理统计和回归分析方法研究导水裂缝带高度与工作面宽度、煤层埋深以及采高的相关关系。研究结果表明：工作面宽度小于240 m且煤层采高为8.5~9.5 m时,软弱覆岩裂采比和导水裂缝带高度恒大于中硬覆岩;工作面宽度大于90 m且煤层采高大于14.5 m时,软弱覆岩裂采比和导水裂缝带高度恒小于中硬覆岩。综放软弱顶板裂采比和导水裂缝带高度随采高增大均呈单峰状,裂采比是采高的二次函数,导水裂缝带高度是采高的三次函数。裂采比最大为30.63倍,拐点处采高3.56 m;导水裂缝带高度最大为239.97 m,拐点处采高10.41 m。由拐点向两侧采高分别减小或增大时,裂采比和导水裂缝带高度均逐渐减小。综放中硬顶板裂采比和导水裂缝带高度受工作面宽度和煤层采高的共同影响。在工作面宽度一定时,裂采比随着煤层采高增大而逐渐减小且变化幅度越来越小,大致趋于[11.00,14.30]数值区间;在煤层采高一定时,工作面宽度越大裂采比越大。导水裂缝带高度随着工作面宽度和煤层采高增大而增大。     

核磁共振多回波串联合反演方法

提出一种核磁共振多回波串数据联合反演方法,分别对核磁共振孔隙度测量的两组回波串数据、变等待时间多回波串数据以及变回波间隔多回波串数据进行了处理.结果表明,这样处理得到的一维核磁共振T₂分布不但连续,而且能够揭示短横向弛豫组分的细微特征,提高了核磁共振孔隙度的精度.处理变等待时间或变回波间隔下的多回波串数据,可以得到孔隙流体的 (T₂, T₁)或(T₂, D) 二维核磁共振分布图.与一维核磁共振T₂分布相比,二维核磁共振提高了识别流体的效果.     

The effect of fluid composition on the behavior of well cemented, quartz-rich sandstone during faulting

Previous studies [O'Kane, A., Onasch, C.M., Farver, J., 2007. The role of fluids in low-temperature, fault-related deformation of quartz arenite. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 819--836; Cook, J., Dunne, W.M., Onasch, C.M., 2006. Development of a dilatant damage zone along a thrust relay in a low-porosity quartz arenite, Journal of Structural Geology 28, 776–792] found that quartz arenite within two fault zones in the Appalachian foreland thrust belt displays very different structural styles and histories despite deforming at similar pressures and temperatures during the Alleghanian orogeny. A comparison of the grain-scale deformation and fluid histories using transmitted and cathodoluminescence microscopy and fluid inclusion microthermometry, shows that fluid composition was a controlling factor for causing these differences. The Cove fault zone deformed in the presence of aqueous fluids, first a CaCl₂ brine and then an iron-rich fluid. The precipitation of quartz cement from the brine kept pace with brittle deformation, maintaining overall rock cohesion in the fault zone. The introduction of iron-rich fluids caused a switch from precipitation to dissolution of quartz, along with precipitation of goethite. In a damage zone along a backthrust in the Cave Mountain anticline, early deformation occurred in the presence of an aqueous fluid from which quartz was precipitated. The latest deformation, however, occurred in the presence of a methane-rich fluid, which inhibited the precipitation of quartz cement producing porous breccias and open fractures despite deformation at 6 km depth. Fluid composition not only affected cementation in the fault zones, but also the selection of grain-scale deformation mechanisms. Therefore, it is a controlling factor in determining the behavior and strength of these fault zones.     

山东栖霞大方山玄武岩中地幔熔体玻璃捕虏体岩相学及岩石化学研究

过去地学界对固体地幔岩捕虏体研究已经相当充分。另外,山东栖霞大方山还存在地幔熔体玻璃捕虏体,其化学成分、矿物成分既不同于固体地幔岩也不同于寄主玄武岩。此玻璃体特别富K,而且早于寄主岩浆,二者间很不平衡。富K玻璃捕虏体往往被玄武岩浆消化殆尽,但在野外仍然可以找到少量残留体供室内研究。此熔体玻璃的存在意味着该区玄武岩浆作用不是一元而是多元岩浆体系,还存在早一期的碱性地幔岩浆。后者消化混染于玄武岩浆之中,会产生富K玄武岩。     

Cambrian granitoids in pre-Alpine basement of Crete (Greece): evidence from U-Pb dating of zircon

The pre-Alpine basement of eastern Crete consists of at least three sub complexes which show differences in age and grade of pre-Alpine metamorphism. U-Pb analyses of zircons of two orthogneisses yielded upper intercepts in the concordia diagram at 511±16 Ma (Chamezí crystalline complex) and 514±14 Ma (Myrsini crystalline complex). These values are interpreted as protolith ages of the gneisses, suggesting that parts of the basement underwent Cadomian (Pan-African) imprints at the northern margin of Gondwana. The lower intercept ages are attributed to Alpine subduction which led to high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism (T=ca. 300 °C), brittle-ductile deformation, and hydrothermal fluid activity. Due to pervasive Alpine fluid migration, the zircons of the Chamezí crystalline complex display disturbed zonation and solution, resulting in 87% radiogenic Pb loss, Ca- and Al-gain, and Zr depletion.     

成矿流体的流体包裹体同位素示踪探讨

流体包裹体中流体的同位素组成,广泛应用在推测流体来源及确定流体成矿年龄方面。由于流体包裹体一般是多成因及多期的,在用流体同位素研究成矿流体时,需要注意到注流体包裹体的捕获是否与成矿同期。本文主要以Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素为例探计了流体包裹体包裹体同位素在成矿流体来源及确定成矿年代方面的意义。     

From partial melting to retrogression in the Pointe Geologie migmatitic complex: a history of heterogeneous distribution of fluids

In the Pointe Géologie area (66°40 S; 140°00 E; Terre Adélie, East Antarctica), the Paleoproterozoic basement consists in a migmatitic complex of metasedimentary origin. Metasediments underwent a thermal event, leading to the high-grade amphibolite facies assemblages biotite–cordierite–sillimanite and to dehydration melting reactions at 4–6 kbar and 700±50 °C, followed by retrogression in greenschist facies.

In most of the archipelago, K-feldspar gneisses (KFG) are characterized by a Sil+Crd+Kfs+Bt assemblage and many K-feldspar-rich leucosomes. Locally, a spectacular rock type occurs as North dipping bands of about 10 m thick and consists in nodular gneisses (NG) that display less abundant, K-feldspar-poor leucosomes.

Commonly, the retrograde imprint facies is quite weak in KFG and only expressed by sporadic Bt–Ms±And equilibrium assemblage, whereas it developed more extensively in NG. A pseudosection calculated at constant P=4 kbar shows that the differences between NG and KFG assemblages can be considered to be mainly driven by difference in H₂O proportions and much less by differences in FeO/MgO or K₂O/MgO ratios. The hydrated assemblage (Bt–Ms nodules) in NG requires at least 10–20% more H₂O than the Crd+Kfs+Sil/And assemblage does in KFG. Parageneses and mineral compositions indicate that this difference in H₂O occurred early in the history, at least as early as the anatectic stage. Therefore, differences between NG and KFG are related to the variation in partial melting features (water distribution, proportion of melt extraction), which appears to be spatially controlled by cryptic tectonic structures. The particular shape and orientation of NG bands are interpreted as a complex history of melt extraction in the Pointe Géologie area which could involve a two stage melting process.     

环空流动壁面剪应力对固井质量的影响

应用壁面剪应力固井解决了委内瑞拉Caracoles油田固井实践中存在的顶替效率问题。壁面剪应力固井的主要观点是：水泥浆在环空流动的壁面剪应力达到15Pa时，可以保证CBL、VDL和SBT三项胶结测井结果合格;水泥浆在环空流动的壁面剪应力达到30Pa时，可以保证CBL、VDL和SBT三项胶结测井结果优质。高的壁面剪应力可以通过紊流获得，也可以通过提高水泥浆粘切力获得。     

钻孔水力采矿射流喷嘴初步试验研究

围绕钻孔水力采矿的关键元素——喷嘴，在进行小直径喷嘴试验的基础上，分析研究试验数据，提出喷嘴的设计思路，完成喷嘴的基本选型。针对不同岩层的特性，提出不同的水力采矿方案。研究处在钻孔底高压淹没条件下，水射流的碎岩机理和碎岩能力。