石英C轴组构指示北大别造山后伸展期中-下地壳流变形式

造山带中-下地壳韧性流变形式反映深部岩石圈构造活动形式,是造山带深部岩石圈运动学及动力学研究的重要内容。前人对板块俯冲阶段造山带中-下地壳流动开展了较为深入的研究,但对造山后伸展期中-下地壳流变形式及其深部动力学认识不足。本次工作对北大别造山后伸展期中-下地壳岩石开展了详尽的构造观察和石英C轴组构分析,研究造山后伸展期中-下地壳流变形式。本次研究表明,中-下地壳流变带内岩石变形从边界区域的简单剪切变形为主导逐渐转变为在核部区域以纯剪切变形为主。流变带内部岩石变形特征表明北大别中-下地壳流变带的流变形式是介于活动边界条件下的透入性剪切流动和固定边界条件下韧性垮塌流动的过渡形式。这一流变形式可能是深俯冲太平洋板块的绕屈回撤和加厚造山带地壳活化韧性垮塌叠加的结果。     

流动式CuBr激光器的设计

给出了流动式ＣｕＢｒ激光器的设计方法并着重讨论了放电管和缓冲气体对激光输出功率的影响。     

浮球式海底取样器的结构及工作原理——海底取样技术介绍之四

介绍了浮球式海底取样器的结构、性能特点、典型应用及性能参数；论述了振动式及振动冲击式贯入理论的原理；并分析了海流及船体飘移对海上取样作业的影响及解决办法。     

Normal faulting, transcrustal permeability and seismogenesis in the Apennines (Italy)

Late Pliocene–Pleistocene tectonic evolution of the Apennines is driven by progressive eastward migration of extensional downfaulting superposed onto the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene compressional thrust belt. This process has led to distinct structural domains that show decreasing transcrustal permeability from conditions of pervasive mixing between deep and surface fluids in the hinterland (west) to conditions of restricted fluid circulation and overpressuring in the foreland (east). At present, the highest rates of normal faulting and the strongest seismicity occur in the area bounded by stretched, highly permeable crust to the west and thick, poorly permeable crust to the east. In this area, the seismogenic sources of the largest earthquakes (5<M_s<7) are potentially related to mature normal faults that deeply penetrate thick brittle upper crust, and act as transient high-permeability channels during seismic activity. In this framework, it is plausible that domains of overpressuring govern progressive inception of normal faulting and fluid redistribution in the crust, leading to eastward migration of the belt of maximum seismicity with time.     

Very fast exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks with excess Ar and inherited Sr, Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain

In order to attempt to further constrain the age of the early Alpine tectonic evolution of the Mulhacén Complex and to explore the influence of inherited isotopes, micas from a small number of well-characterised rocks from the Sierra de los Filábres, with a penetrative tectonic fabric related to the exhumation of eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks, were selected for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and Rb–Sr dating.

A single phengite grain from an amphibolite yielded an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser step heating plateau age of 86.9±1.2 Ma (2σ; 70% ³⁹Ar released) and an inverse isochron age of 86.2±2.4 Ma with an ³⁶Ar/⁴⁰Ar intercept within error of the atmospheric value. Induction furnace step heating of a biotite separate from a gabbro relic in an eclogite yielded a weighted mean age of 173.2±6.3 Ma (2σ; 95% ³⁹Ar released). These ages are diagnostic of excess argon (⁴⁰Ar_XS) incorporation, as they are older than independent age estimates for the timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism and intrusion of the gabbros. ⁴⁰Ar_XS incorporation probably resulted from restricted fluid mobility in the magmatic rocks during their metamorphic recrystallisation.

Rb–Sr whole-rock–phengite ages of graphite-bearing mica schists from Paleozoic rocks (Secano unit) show a dramatic variation (66.1±3.2, 40.6±2.6 and 14.1±2.2 Ma). An albite chlorite mica schist from the Mesozoic series of the Nevado–Lubrín unit has a whole-rock–mica–albite age of 17.2±1.9 Ma, which is within error of an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age published previously and of the youngest Rb–Sr age of the Paleozoic series obtained in this study. The significant spread in Rb–Sr ages implies that progressive partial resetting of an older isotopic system has occurred. The microstructure of the samples with pre-Miocene Rb–Sr ages reveals incomplete recrystallisation of white mica and inhibited grain growth due to the presence of graphite particles. This interpretation agrees with previously published, disturbed and slightly dome-shaped ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age spectra that may point similarly to the presence of an older isotope component. The progressively reset Rb–Sr system is a relic of Variscan metamorphism of the Paleozoic series of the Mulhacén Complex. In contrast, the origin of the ca. 17.2 Ma old sample from the Mesozoic series precludes any isotopic inheritance, in agreement with its pervasive tectono-metamorphic recrystallisation during the Miocene.

Exhumation of the eclogite-facies Mulhacén Complex occurred in two stages with contrasting rates of about 22.5 mm/year during the early phase and 9–10 mm/year during the late phase; the latter with a cooling rate in the order of 330 °C/Ma.     

南京地铁软-流塑淤泥质地层劈裂注浆试验研究

针对南京地铁南北线一期工程某区间隧道软—流塑地层的大管棚加小导管超前注浆预加固工程 ,对软—流塑淤泥质地层劈裂注浆加固的机理及主要影响因素进行了分析 ,对注浆效果、浆体材料及配比进行了试验研究。现场试验表明 ,采用劈裂注浆加固是可行的 ,且效果显著。     

地下工程洞体突然涌水量的理论计算

本文通过对基岩水运动的平均流速分析，提出了不同流条件突水的涌水量理论计算方法，也为现场突然涌水量计算提供了新的理论依据。     

《禹贡》九河分流地域范围新证——兼论古白洋淀的消亡过程

先秦时期黄河下游存在的两大分流，各在其下游段形成九河分流系统，即冀州九河与兖州九河o《尔雅》释九河，实属兖州九河即《汉志》河下游分流水系，在今高唐、黄骅、利津之间。《禹贡》河所播冀州九河，在今深县、黄骅、天津、容城之间。古白洋淀消亡的关键因素是《禹贡》河泥沙的长期堆积，其消亡过程即为《禹贡》河九河的发育过程。     

俯冲洋岛玄武岩脱水释放的水流体成分：来自西天山榴辉岩相高压脉的约束

俯冲洋壳的脱水作用对于岛弧火山岩的成因具有重要意义。西天山高压低温变质带中切割主岩蓝片岩/榴辉岩的榴辉岩相脉体记录了古生代俯冲带中的脱水过程。脉体具有典型高压矿物组合：石榴石(＞8%)+绿辉石(15%)+石英(＞55%)+蓝闪石(5%)+冻蓝闪石(10%)±黝帘石±方解石。高压脉及其主岩的岩相学与矿物化学研究表明流体是在俯冲过程中蓝片岩向榴辉岩进变质条件下释放。脉的主量元素成分显示流体富Si。主岩的稀土元素和微量元素表明其原岩为洋岛玄武岩(OIB)。脉和主岩具有相似的微量元素配分模式,并且相对N-MORB都显示富Li、Be、Cs、Rb、Ba、Pb、La的特点。通过模拟计算,在高压脉、与脉平衡的流体以及模拟的原生流体中都富集流体活动性元素(Li、Be、Pb)和LILE(Cs、Rb、Ba),贫HFSE(Nb)和REE(Nd、Sm)。证实了在古生代南天山洋俯冲时洋岛玄武岩脱水释放出富Li、Be、LILE、La和Pb,贫HFSE和HREE的流体。     

Galvanic interaction between galena and pyrite in an open system

1IntroductionMost sulfide minerals in nature have perfect con-ductivity and possess semiconducting properties.Gal-vanic corrosion may occur when two sulfide mineralswith different potentials are connected together in thesolution.The mineral with the highe…