Scattering and absorption imaging of a highly fractured fluid-filled seismogenetic volume in a region of slow deformation

Regions of slow strain often produce swarm-like sequences, characterized by the lack of a clear mainshock-aftershock pattern. The comprehension of their underlying physical mechanisms is challenging and still debated. We used seismic recordings from the last Pollino swarm (2010–2014) and nearby to separate and map seismic scattering (from P peak-delays) and absorption (from late-time coda-wave attenuation) at different frequencies in the Pollino range and surroundings. High-scattering and high-absorption anomalies are markers of a fluid-filled fracture volume extending from SE to NW (1.5–6 ​Hz) across the range. With increasing frequency, these anomalies approximately cover the area where the strongest earthquakes occurred from the sixteenth century until 1998. In our interpretation, the NW fracture propagation ends where carbonates of the Lucanian Apennines begin, as marked by a high-scattering and low-absorption area. At the highest frequency (12 ​Hz) the anomalies widen southward in the middle of the range, consistently marking the faults active during the recent Pollino swarm. Our results suggest that fracture healing has closed small-scale fractures across the SE faults that were active in the past centuries, and that the propagation of fluids may have played a crucial role in triggering the 2010–2014 Pollino swarm. Assuming that the fluid propagation ended at the carbonates barrier in the NW direction, fractures opened new paths to the South, favoring the nucleation of the last Pollino swarm. Indeed, the recently active faults in the middle of the seismogenic volume are marked by a high-scattering and high-absorption footprints. Our work provides evidence that attenuation parameters may track shape and dynamics of fluid-filled fracture networks in fault areas.     

同水平完全疏干法在张马屯铁矿脉管式径流中的应用效果

张马屯铁矿为一夕卡岩型磁铁矿床,水文地质条件极其复杂,单一的防治水方法难以达到采矿生产的要求。在长期探索矿山防治水的基础上,采用同水平疏干法对张马屯铁矿地下水脉管式径流进行试验,取得了完全疏干的效果,为深井大水矿山探索出一条综合治理的途径。     

一次触发闪电地电位抬升引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件分析

基于触发闪电开展了电流注入地网后地电位抬升反击氧化锌电涌保护器的试验研究.结合真实雷电环境下测量的电涌保护器两端残压和流经电流的数据,对一次触发闪电引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件进行了分析.分析发现,电流注入地网后,回击过程瞬间的大能量和长连续电流过程累积的能量相互叠加共同作用损坏了氧化锌电涌保护器.回击发生时,较大的...     

Fluids migration and dynamics of a blocks-and-faults system

We explore the impact of fluids migrating through a fault network on the dynamics of lithosphere, both on slow movements and seismicity. For that purpose fluids in the fault zones are incorporated into modelling of blocks-and-faults systems, which takes into account driving forces and the system's geometry. Simulations have been performed for two-dimensional models: an idealised “brick wall” structure, and a coarse image of Sinai Subplate. Migrating fluids originating in different locations are considered, as well as fluids trapped in closed pockets. Basic features of the modelled and observed seismicity are in good accord, as shown by comparison with the earthquake catalog compiled by Geophysical Institute of Israel.     

The role of fluids in faulting deformation:a case study from the Dead Sea Transform (Jordan)

The geochemistry of carbonate fault rocks has been examined in two areas of the Arava Fault segment, which forms the major branch of the Dead Sea Transform between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aquaba. The role of fluids in faulting deformation in the selected fault segment is remarkably different from observations at other major fault zones. Our data suggest reduced fluid rock interactions in both areas and limited fluid flow. The fault did not act as an important fluid conduit. There are no indications that hydrothermal reactions (cementation, dissolution) did change the strength and behavior of the fault zone, although the two areas show considerable differences with respect to fluid sources and fluid flow. In one area, the investigated calcite mineralization reveals an open fluid system with fluids originating from a variety of sources. Stable isotopes (¹³C, ¹⁸O), strontium isotopes, and trace elements indicate both infiltration of descending (meteoric and/or sea water) and ascending hydrothermal fluids. In the other area, all geochemical data indicate only local (small scale) fluid redistribution. These fluids were derived from the adjacent limestones under nearly closed-system conditions.     

Tracing fluids in basins to refine mineral exploration strategies

To trace the fluid history of sedimentary basins requires integration of relatively diverse sub-disciplines including sedimentology, stratigraphy, tectonics, structural geology, petrography, geochemistry and geophysics. These aspects of basin evolution are interrelated and thus all are required to understand the source, character and distribution of fluids associated with ore deposits hosted in basins. Fluids are strategically associated with both the formation and preservation of almost every type of economic ore deposit in basins. As such, knowledge of the geochemical and physical characteristics, timing, origin, reactivity and flow histories of fluids are basic to formulating effective exploration strategies.     

深基坑底板地层压力注浆设计与施工实践

结合常德市第一人民医院门急医技大楼的工程实际，介绍了深基坑底板地层压力注浆的机理，探讨了设计过程中几个主要参数的取值，指出了压力注浆的施工方法。     

基于小波变换多分辨率分析特性的遥感影像动态重构的金字塔模型

本文针对高分辨率遥感影像在网络传输与发布中的大数据量问题,在分析传统影像金字塔构建方法的基础上,利用小波变换的多分辨率分析特性引入了一种基于影像动态构建的金字塔模型。该方法在客户端利用小波逆变换动态合成各种分辨率级别的影像,与传统方法相比解决了没有利用金字塔各个层次数据之间的相关性带来的约1/3数据增量问题,而且在网络应用中可以形成一种分辨率递增的流式数据传输模式,非常适合遥感数据的网络发布。基于该模型进行了系统实验,实验结果表明该方法与传统方法相比响应效率明显提高。证明了该模型在遥感数据存储和传输方面的可行性与优越性。     

钻井液润滑材料性能对比评价研究

钻井液润滑性能是影响钻井速度和井下安全的关键因素之一。本论文介绍了钻井液润滑材料对比评价实验仪器及方法,对钻井液体系中常用润滑材料的性能进行对比试验分析,选择效果最好的润滑剂品种和最优的复配方案,制定合理的配套润滑技术措施。     

地球磁场起源之粒子起电问题研究

粒子起电问题是解决地球磁场起源中固体地球内部电流形成问题的关键之一。通过引述电化学领域二相流起电机制,建立了有利于分析地球磁场起源的固体地球内部物质流动的双电层模型结构,即液/液界面双电层模型和液/固界面双电层模型,分析了地球外核物质流动及流动起电问题。在地球运动动力和运动定律作用下,地球外核物质的定向移动是形成地下电流、产生磁场的直接原因。研究了形成地磁场电流的一般算法及影响因素,探讨了“静电”的“动电”本质,讨论了双电层模型的适应性、起电电荷电性变化、局部气旋电流、磁异常等问题。指出固体地球内部物质起电电荷电性的改变是地磁场极性倒转主要原因。