电感耦合等离子体质谱仪与激光器联用测量条件优化及其在锆石U-Pb定年中的应用

在LA-ICP-MS测量中,样品是否能够均匀地由激光样品池运送到等离子体质谱仪炬管是影响分析数据精度的关键。本研究对样品剥蚀池和剥蚀气溶胶传输进行改进,在LA和ICP-MS之间添加一套激光剥蚀脉冲平滑系统将LA剥蚀气溶胶转化为连续送样模式,并使用多通道旋转式样品池消除样品在激光剥蚀池中的位置效应,显著提高了测量信号的稳定性。在优化条件下,以标准锆石91500作外标,测量锆石标样GJ-1、Pleovice、TEMORA、QH的U-Pb年龄分别为604±3 Ma(2δ,MSWD=1.2)、337±1 Ma(2δ,MSWD=1.18)、419±3 Ma(2δ,MSWD=0.15)和161±1 Ma(2δ,MSWD=0.6),与前人报道结果在误差范围内一致;以NIST610作外标,玻璃标样NIST612和BHVO-2G大部分微量稀土元素的测量值与参考值的相对偏差均在10%以内;测量新疆天山造山带锆石样品的207Pb/206Pb加权年龄与SHRIMP结果基本吻合。本方法可有效降低元素分馏效应,提高测量精度。     

Modeling of subduction components in the Genesis of the Meso-Cenozoic igneous rocks from the South Shetland Arc, Antarctica

Isotope data and trace elements concentrations are presented for volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George and Ardley islands (South Shetland arc, Antarctica). These islands were formed during subduction of the Phoenix Plate under the Antarctica Plate from Cretaceous to Tertiary. Isotopically (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_o ratios vary from 0.7033 to 0.7046 and (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_o ratios from 0.5127 to 0.5129. εNd values vary from +2.71 to +7.30 that indicate asthenospheric mantle source for the analysed samples. ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios vary from 38.12 to 38.70, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios are between 15.49 and 15.68, and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 18.28 to 18.81. The South Shetland rocks are thought to be derived from a depleted MORB mantle source (DMM) modified by mixtures of two enriched mantle components such as slab-derived melts and/or fluids and small fractions of oceanic sediment (EM I and EM II). The isotopic compositions of the subduction component can be explained by mixing between at least 4 wt.% of sediment and 96 wt.% of melts and/or fluids derived from altered MORB.     

First results on the LPO-derived seismic properties of iron ores from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, southeastern Brazil

The role of hydrothermal fluids in assisting the activity of strike-slip faults is investigated using a range of new geological, geophysical, and geochemical data obtained on the Argentat fault, Massif Central, France. This fault zone, 180-km-long and 6 to 8 km-width, has experienced coeval intense channeling of hydrothermal fluids and brittle deformation during a short time span (300–295 Ma). According to seismic data, the fault core is a 4-km-wide, vertical zone of high fracture density that rooted in the middle crust (~ 13 km) and that involved fluids in its deeper parts (9–13 km depth). If stress analyses in the fault core and strain analyses in the damage zone both support a left-lateral movement along the fault zone, it is inferred that hydrothermal fluids have strongly influenced fault development, and the resulting fault has influenced fluid flow. Fluid pressure made easier fracturing and faulting in zones of competent rocks units and along rheological boundaries. Repeated cycles of increase of fault-fracture permeability then overpressure of hydrothermal fluids at fault extremity favored strong and fast development of the crustal-scale strike-slip fault. The high permeability obtained along the fault zone permitted a decrease of coupling across the weak fault core. Connections between shallower and lower crustal fluids reservoirs precipitate the decrease of fault activity by quartz precipitation and sulfides deposition. The zones of intense hydrothermal alteration at shallows crustal levels and the zones of fluid overpressure at the base of the upper crust both controlled the final geometry of the crustal-scale fault zone.     

开放体系下方铅矿和黄铁矿之间原电池反应的实验研究

金属硫化物矿物之间的原电池反应对于酸性矿山排水的形成、硫化物矿床的次生富集作用、地球电化学勘探以及湿法冶金过程等都有很重要的影响。通过改变溶液中氧化剂组分F e3 的浓度、pH值、溶液的流动状况以及溶液的盐度(如N a2SO4的浓度),采用精密的电流计和电位计,对作为阳极的黄铁矿与作为阴极的方铅矿所形成的原电池反应的电流密度和整个原电池的混合电位进行研究,结果表明:溶液中[F e3 ],pH值以及溶液的流动状况对黄铁矿和方铅矿之间原电池反应的影响很大,而溶液的盐度对反应的影响不是很显著。实验还发现,当黄铁矿电极表面存在微小裂纹时,其电极电位可降低至同条件下方铅矿的电极电位以下。这一实验结果在混合电位理论和Bu tler-V o lm er方程中得到了理论上的解释。     

近松散含水层下采煤安全性熵值模糊综合评判

基于模糊数学理论,通过统计经验数据,采用熵值法对影响近松散含水层安全开采的关键因素赋权,利用GIS定量确定各个因素的隶属度,构造了基于熵值的模糊综合评判模型。以山东某矿六采区01工作面开采为例,选择覆岩厚度、断层构造、第四系底部粘土层厚度、底部含水层的单位涌水量、煤层开采厚度、导水裂隙带高度6个影响因素为评判指标,确定了可行性程度的评判集:{较低,低,中等,高,很高},依据水体下开采的有关安全规程,采用GIS方法确定了各个因素的隶属度,并利用历史开采经验数据确定各个影响因素的权重。对该工作面近松散含水层下开采的评判结果表明,该工作面控制采高为2 m时开采是安全可行的,开采过程中针对薄弱环节采取了相应措施,没有发生突水溃砂事件,初步验证了该模糊综合评判模型的实用性。      

自流井有限差分模拟的校正模型

自流井是井孔-含水层系统的一种典型水文地质现象, 但在地下水资源评价和管理模型中研究较少.目前地下水数值模拟对自流井的3种处理方法均不合理, 也缺乏验证.常规地下水流有限差分法既不能准确地求出抽水井的井中水位, 也不能准确地求出自流井的流量, 必须进行校正.考虑自流井周围的径向流, 通过与井点附近地下水流的解析解相结合, 提出了矩形网格有限差分模拟的自流井校正模型, 其中考虑了自流井周围含水层存贮量的释放.算例表明, 即使用千米级大尺度网格, 本校正模型也能够获得相当精确的自流井流量, 绝大多数情况下相对误差小于5%.      

峰峰煤矿区岩溶地下水流场演化规律

运用大量详实的数据资料,揭示了峰峰矿区近30年岩溶地下水流场的演变规律。反映了煤炭开采排水对地下水流场的影响特征,认为长期的矿井排水与地下水过量开采,是地下水流场发生改变和水位下降的主要因素,建议随着煤层开采水平的不断延深,加大力度解决好各方面存在的问题,建立排水、供水、生态环保三位一体优化结合的模式。     

BP神经网络在自喷井井底流压预测中的应用

利用神经网络具有的高度非线性映射能力,将其应用于井底流压的预测,以解决现有各种方法不能完全满足需要的矛盾。从网络的结构和算法、训练样本的选择和处理、网络的学习精度和泛化能力等三个方面对BP神经网络进行研究和改进,建立了井底流压的预测模型,并对某油田的实测井底流压数据进行了精度检验和精度分析。预测结果表明,相对误差最大为2.0821%,平均相对误差为1.5108%,绝对误差一般在0.5~1 MPa,高于其他各种计算方法的精度。     

煤层气储层三维渗透率变化规律实验研究

煤层气开发过程中,储层的渗透性是制约煤层气开发的重要因素之一。采用煤心室内流动实验的方法,对不同围压、不同流压下的煤心进行渗透率测试,得出其渗透率变化曲线;进而,对实验数据进行回归发现,煤心渗透率与围压之间存在幂指数关系,而模型参数与注入压差之间存在指数关系。分析三维渗透率流动实验过程得出,煤心渗透率变化为非可逆过程,煤心的左右方向对压力变化更为敏感;同时,在低压区,渗透率变化较快,而高压区变化平缓。因此,在煤层气开发过程中,要尤其注重低压区压力变化对渗透率的影响。      

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000425

Na-metasomatism in the form of albitisation is regionally extensive in the Precambrian crust of southern Scandinavia and is particularly widespread in the Bamble Sector, the Kongsberg-Modum Sector and the Norwegian part of the Mylonite Zone. Sites of albitisation outside these belts are associated with hy- drothermal breccia pipes and fracture-bound alteration. The albitites are composed of near end-member sodic plagioclase （Ano 5Ab94-99） with minor carbonate （calcite and dolomite）, rutile, clinopyroxene （En30Fs21-23W047 49）, amphibole （edenite-pargasite）, quartz, titanite, tourmaline, epidote （Fe3＋ - 0.20 -0.85 a.p.f.u） and chlorite （Mg# = 0.81-0.89）. The albitites have been studied in detail in the region around the town of Kragem, and are described as albitisation along veins, as breccias, alhitic felsites, massive carbonate-bearing albitites and megascale clinopyroxene-titanite-bearing albitite. The strong fluid control on their formation is illustrated by the veining and mineral replacement reactions, showing fluid transport by a H20-CO2 fluid rich in Na, depleting Fe and Mg from the host rock, in accordance with calculated mass transfer. A study of the mineralogical replacement reactions in combination with a regional compilation has demonstrated the relationship between metasomatic processes and the for- mation of apatite, ruti｜e and Fe deposits. The albitites occur spatially associated with other metasomatic rocks such as scapolitised metagabbros. We document that metasomatism is an important mineral- and rock-forming process in the continental crust, which in the Bamble Sector is a part of the tectonome- tamorphic evolution of the Sveconorwegian orogen.