土压式盾构施工中地下水出渗机理研究

针对土压平衡式盾构机在高水头强透水地层掘进工程中，排土器出口易出现地下水渗出的现象进行了理论研究。通过建立地下水在盾构机内的渗流计算模型，提出了判别地下水渗出发生与否及其出渗量大小的方法，阐明了盾构施工中发生地下水出渗的机理。利用这一模型计算了出渗发生时地下水流失情况，对影响出渗发生的各相关参数进行了分析，为施工中克服和避免这一现象提供了理论依据。     

末次冰期盛期长江入海流路探讨

通过对现代长江口外东海内陆架和外陆架三条地震剖面的地层和埋藏地貌分析 ,并经与相关钻孔和现代长江三角洲第四纪研究资料对比 ,在东海陆架研究区内未发现末次盛冰期时古长江沉积和古河谷 ,前人所称之长江古河谷实际上是现代潮流水道 .认为当时长江很可能未曾由研究区流经东海陆架入冲绳海槽     

（T2,D）二维核磁共振测井识别储层流体的方法

当地层孔隙中油气和水同时存在时,在核磁共振T₂分布上不同流体信号往往重叠,很难有效识别.本文采用改变回波间隔测量多组自旋回波串序列实现了（T₂,D）二维核磁共振方法,为有效识别储层流体提供了基础.通过数值模拟系统研究了（T₂,D）方法在不同储层、不同测量信噪比以及不同外加磁场梯度条件下识别流体的效果.结果表明：（T₂,D）方法识别中、低黏度油层具有优势,随着信噪比增加和外加磁场梯度加大,分辨油和水的效果将变好.在气层,对磁场梯度有一定要求,并且,测量数据的信噪比越高,分辨气与水的效果越好,当测量数据信噪比低于70时（T₂,D）方法在气层可能失效.在2MHz共振频率下,利用MARAN核磁共振岩芯分析仪器,对含顺磁性物质的饱和流体岩样进行了实验测量,验证了（T₂,D）方法的有效性.     

Dynamic Characteristics of Marine Risers Conveying Fluid

The lateral vibration differential equation for a marine riser conveying fluid is derived by useof the small deflection theory.and the effect of internal flow velocity and top tension on the natural fre-quency of the riser is studied by use of FEM.At the same time,the preliminary relationship between thenatural frequency and riser span under different internal flow velocities is obtained,the effect of riser sup-ports on the vibration frequency is computed.It is found that the natural frequency of the marine riser in-creases with the increase of top tension.however decreases with the increase of internal flow velocity.In ad-dition,the frequency decreases drastically with the increase of riser span.     

高岭土颗粒的絮凝沉降试验研究

粘性细颗粒泥沙在盐水中会产生絮凝。影响其絮凝的因素很多,矿物组成是其中的一个重要因素。选取高岭土作为研究对象,通过一系列试验得出所研究的高岭土的中值粒径为0.0084mm,最佳絮凝盐度为13‰,起动流速为8.5 cm/s~10 cm/s,由试验数据分析得出高岭土在不同流速条件下的淤积量以及淤积百分比,既而确定其不淤流速为40 cm/s。     

锡在花岗质熔体和流体中的性质及分配行为研究进展

元素在流/熔体间的交换、分配过程是岩浆热液矿床形成的重要环节,作为与岩浆活动有密切成因联系的典型矿种之一,锡在花岗质熔体和流体中的存在形式、分配行为及其影响因素是认识其成矿机理的关键。锡在花岗质熔体和流体中的分配特征不仅受温度、压力、氧逸度等条件的制约,流体组成和熔体的NBO/T（非桥氧键/桥氧键）、碱含量、AlK/Al(总碱与铝含量比)也是制约锡分配行为的重要因素;挥发分F、Cl对锡在流体、熔体中的地球化学行为影响尤为明显。     

灵新煤矿导水裂隙带发育高度数值模拟研究

煤矿的开采利用给国民经济发展带来巨大的收益,但也引发了许多环境地质问题,特别在煤层开采过程中,煤层上覆基岩变形破坏形成的裂隙通道极易发生矿井涌（突）水事故,时刻威胁着井下工人的生命安全。本文以灵新煤矿051505工作面为研究对象,利用Flac3D数值模拟软件,对14号主采煤层上覆基岩导水裂隙带高度进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明：当煤层开采厚度为2.5 m时,导水裂隙带发育最大高度为59.5 m。同时选取经验公式法对导水裂隙带高度进行了计算。最终通过钻孔实测法得到的结果与前两种方法对比分析,数值模拟结果与钻孔实测结果基本吻合,认为数值模拟方法能够高效、简单、合理达到预测导水裂隙带高度的目的,也为同类矿井安全、绿色生产提供一定的借鉴。     

裂隙动水注浆渗流压力与注浆堵水效果的相关分析

采用裂隙动水注浆设备结合正交试验设计进行了裂隙动水注浆模型试验,获得了渗流压力场与注浆效果和注浆工艺之间的相关关系。结果表明,裂隙动水注浆的渗流压力场包括单峰型、平台型、多峰型、阶梯型4种类型;出现平台型和多峰型渗流压力场时的注浆堵水效果好,而出现阶梯型渗流压力场时的注浆堵水效果差;为了获得好的注浆效果且节约浆液,在渗流压力场为单峰型时应该适量增加注浆量;而在渗流压力场为平台型或多峰型时应该适量减小注浆量;渗流压力场为阶梯型时应该调节浆液配比,缩短凝胶时间。研究结果对应用压力监测及时控制施工质量和调整注浆工艺有指导作用。     

高锰铝青铜在流动海水中阴极保护参数的研究

采用稳态动电位极化法测量了螺旋桨材料ZQAl12-8-3-2高锰铝青铜在静态和流动海水中的极化曲线,分析了其在流动海水中的腐蚀电化学行为,解析了最小保护电位、最大保护电位、最小保护电流密度等阴极保护参数,其在海水中的保护电位范围为-0．45～0．72V,最大保护电位在常规阴极保护范围内没有限制,流动海水中的最小保护电流密度比静态时增加几十倍,为海水中螺旋桨阴极保护设计及应用提供参考数据。     

Existence,morphology and structure of the Yellow Sea Warm Current Branch approaching waters offshore Qingdao,China

In this study, we focused on full-region cruise survey data, near-bottom continuous mooring observations and sea surface wind products from the western South Yellow Sea in winter; after ensuring the data reliability and accuracy, we processed and analyzed the data. Image resolution experiments were carried out to determine the lowest recognition resolutions for all image types, which represent the resolution characteristics of the data. The existence of a warm water tongue originating from the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC) that approached waters offshore Qingdao was confirmed. For the first time, a high salinity water tongue, corresponding to the warm water tongue, was described and found to be more representative of the YSWC branch path. This warm tongue is a sign of the branch originating from the YSWC, which we defined as the Yellow Sea Warm Current Branch approaching waters offshore Qingdao(YSWC-QDB). The pattern of the warm and salty water tongues showed remarkable rear, branching middle, shrinking neck and expanding top regions. These patterns showed a temporal feature of the tongues, and were the result of multi-temporal branches in front of the YSWC main section as well as the YSWC-QDB crossing the southwestward path of the extension of the North Shandong Coastal Current flowing along the southeast coast of the Shandong Peninsula(NSCC-SESE). Analysis using mooring data at a sensitive and representative station also showed the existence of the YSWC-QDB. It is a probabilistic event that manifests as a northwestward flow that decreases gradually from the bottom to the surface in the early cold air transit stage and consistent in the whole water column profile in the later stage. It varies quasi-periodically with weather processes. It also transports some of the YSWC water stored in the entrance area of the Bohai and Yellow seas under winter wind conditions to the western South Yellow Sea as a compensatory current. This current, caused by northerly winds, especially northwest winds and obstruction of the NSCC-SESE, was present, and strong water reduction and compensation caused significant residual sea level oscillations. The compensatory current, if caused by strong northwest wind,began to appear when its direction was opposite to the wind direction. In addition, confirmation of the YSWC-QDB provides an oceanographic basis for the short cooling time and rapid warming in the Qingdao area in winter. This research provides a basis for further studies of the YSWC-QDB at high spatial and temporal resolutions using large sea surface datasets. For monsoon basin dynamics, this study can also be extended to the whole Bohai and Yellow seas and closed or semi-closed basins on the continental margin.